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Author: Mohammad Tarequl Islam Publisher: ISBN: Category : Vibrio Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Phylogenomic structuring of the Vibrio cholerae clade is an important area of study in the context of the alarming spike of human morbidities due to environmental pathogens around the world. Even after decades of research, the structuring of natural populations of V. cholerae and its sister species is poorly understood. Ecological and epidemiological importance of the clade shouts for a sound understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and environmental dynamics within the clade in their natural settings. In this thesis, my goal is to answer few broad questions on the biology of the V. cholerae clade: i) How different is the evolutionary trajectory of pathogenic lineages from environmental populations ii) To what extent environmental and biogeographic factors impact the intra-species diversity of the model species: V. cholerae iii) Is our understanding of the phylogeny and ecology of the V. cholerae clade consistent with the inclusion of the recently discovered sister species of V. cholerae from both environmental and clinical settings. To address these questions, I have employed culture-based techniques, phenotypic characterization, high throughput amplicon sequencing, whole genome sequencing, quantitative PCR (qPCR) as well as phylogenetic and taxonomic inference tools. I have found potential signatures in V. cholerae population structure in cholera endemic and non-endemic regions. I have also shown the impact of environmental factors on the intra-species diversity of V. cholerae population naturally occurring in a cholera endemic area. Furthermore, I am describing here the genetic, phylogenetic and biological traits, as well as interaction of a novel sister species with V. cholerae: V. paracholerae sp. nov. Moreover, I delineate the phylogenetic and molecular spectrum of a novel sister species of V. cholerae: V. tarriae, isolated from human and environmental samples only from cholera free locations in the USA. The studies presented herein consolidates the understanding of the natural diversity and ecology of the clade containing V. cholerae and its close relatives at species and sub-species level, which could be a significant stride in our knowledge on this group of microorganisms.
Author: Mohammad Tarequl Islam Publisher: ISBN: Category : Vibrio Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Phylogenomic structuring of the Vibrio cholerae clade is an important area of study in the context of the alarming spike of human morbidities due to environmental pathogens around the world. Even after decades of research, the structuring of natural populations of V. cholerae and its sister species is poorly understood. Ecological and epidemiological importance of the clade shouts for a sound understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and environmental dynamics within the clade in their natural settings. In this thesis, my goal is to answer few broad questions on the biology of the V. cholerae clade: i) How different is the evolutionary trajectory of pathogenic lineages from environmental populations ii) To what extent environmental and biogeographic factors impact the intra-species diversity of the model species: V. cholerae iii) Is our understanding of the phylogeny and ecology of the V. cholerae clade consistent with the inclusion of the recently discovered sister species of V. cholerae from both environmental and clinical settings. To address these questions, I have employed culture-based techniques, phenotypic characterization, high throughput amplicon sequencing, whole genome sequencing, quantitative PCR (qPCR) as well as phylogenetic and taxonomic inference tools. I have found potential signatures in V. cholerae population structure in cholera endemic and non-endemic regions. I have also shown the impact of environmental factors on the intra-species diversity of V. cholerae population naturally occurring in a cholera endemic area. Furthermore, I am describing here the genetic, phylogenetic and biological traits, as well as interaction of a novel sister species with V. cholerae: V. paracholerae sp. nov. Moreover, I delineate the phylogenetic and molecular spectrum of a novel sister species of V. cholerae: V. tarriae, isolated from human and environmental samples only from cholera free locations in the USA. The studies presented herein consolidates the understanding of the natural diversity and ecology of the clade containing V. cholerae and its close relatives at species and sub-species level, which could be a significant stride in our knowledge on this group of microorganisms.
Author: B.S. Drasar Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400915152 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 366
Book Description
Only in recent years has it been revealed that V. cholerae is a normal inhabitant of esturine and riverine waters. This means that even if the disease can be eliminated from human population by vaccines etc. the vibrio will continue to survive independently in the environment. It is likely that the environment is the source of epidemic strains. This is the first book to focus on the implication of these discoveries.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309138728 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
As the human population grows-tripling in the past century while, simultaneously, quadrupling its demand for water-Earth's finite freshwater supplies are increasingly strained, and also increasingly contaminated by domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. Today, approximately one-third of the world's population lives in areas with scarce water resources. Nearly one billion people currently lack access to an adequate water supply, and more than twice as many lack access to basic sanitation services. It is projected that by 2025 water scarcity will affect nearly two-thirds of all people on the planet. Recognizing that water availability, water quality, and sanitation are fundamental issues underlying infectious disease emergence and spread, the Institute of Medicine held a two-day public workshop, summarized in this volume. Through invited presentations and discussions, participants explored global and local connections between water, sanitation, and health; the spectrum of water-related disease transmission processes as they inform intervention design; lessons learned from water-related disease outbreaks; vulnerabilities in water and sanitation infrastructure in both industrialized and developing countries; and opportunities to improve water and sanitation infrastructure so as to reduce the risk of water-related infectious disease.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309263646 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
The past 25 years have seen a major paradigm shift in the field of violence prevention, from the assumption that violence is inevitable to the recognition that violence is preventable. Part of this shift has occurred in thinking about why violence occurs, and where intervention points might lie. In exploring the occurrence of violence, researchers have recognized the tendency for violent acts to cluster, to spread from place to place, and to mutate from one type to another. Furthermore, violent acts are often preceded or followed by other violent acts. In the field of public health, such a process has also been seen in the infectious disease model, in which an agent or vector initiates a specific biological pathway leading to symptoms of disease and infectivity. The agent transmits from individual to individual, and levels of the disease in the population above the baseline constitute an epidemic. Although violence does not have a readily observable biological agent as an initiator, it can follow similar epidemiological pathways. On April 30-May 1, 2012, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a workshop to explore the contagious nature of violence. Part of the Forum's mandate is to engage in multisectoral, multidirectional dialogue that explores crosscutting, evidence-based approaches to violence prevention, and the Forum has convened four workshops to this point exploring various elements of violence prevention. The workshops are designed to examine such approaches from multiple perspectives and at multiple levels of society. In particular, the workshop on the contagion of violence focused on exploring the epidemiology of the contagion, describing possible processes and mechanisms by which violence is transmitted, examining how contextual factors mitigate or exacerbate the issue. Contagion of Violence: Workshop Summary covers the major topics that arose during the 2-day workshop. It is organized by important elements of the infectious disease model so as to present the contagion of violence in a larger context and in a more compelling and comprehensive way.
Author: David Townes Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107062683 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 509
Book Description
A comprehensive, best practices resource for public health and healthcare practitioners and students interested in humanitarian emergencies.
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190628634 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 705
Book Description
THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel has never been greater. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, the CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel is the definitive guide to staying safe and healthy anywhere in the world. The fully revised and updated 2018 edition codifies the U.S. government's most current health guidelines and information for international travelers, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts. The 2018 Yellow Book also addresses the needs of specific types of travelers, with dedicated sections on: · Precautions for pregnant travelers, immunocompromised travelers, and travelers with disabilities · Special considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees · Practical tips for last-minute or resource-limited travelers · Advice for air crews, humanitarian workers, missionaries, and others who provide care and support overseas Authored by a team of the world's most esteemed travel medicine experts, the Yellow Book is an essential resource for travelers -- and the clinicians overseeing their care -- at home and abroad.
Author: David W. Kimberlin Publisher: ISBN: 9781581109269 Category : Children Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"The AAP's authoritative guide to the manifestations, etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of more than 200 childhood conditions." -- Provided by publisher.
Author: Maurizio Labbate Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889199398 Category : Microbiology Languages : en Pages : 250
Book Description
Aquatic ecosystems are currently experiencing unprecedented levels of impact from human activities including over-exploitation of resources, habitat destruction, pollution and the influence of climate change. The impacts of these activities on the microbial ecology of aquatic environments are only now beginning to be defined. One of the many implications of environmental degradation and climate change is the geographical expansion of disease- causing microbes such as those from the Vibrio genus. Elevating sea surface temperatures correlate with increasing Vibrio numbers and disease in marine animals (e.g. corals) and humans. Contamination of aquatic environments with heavy metals and other pollutants affects microbial ecology with downstream effects on biogeochemical cycles and nutrient turnover. Also of importance is the pollution of aquatic environments with antibiotics, resistance genes and the mobile genetic elements that house resistance genes from human and animal waste. Such contaminated environments act as a source of resistance genes long after an antibiotic has ceased being used in the community. Environments contaminated with mobile genetic elements that are adapted to human commensals and pathogens function to capture new resistance genes for potential reintroduction back into clinical environments. This research topic encompasses these diverse topics and describes the affect(s) of human activity on the microbial ecology and function in aquatic environments and, describes methods of restoration and for modelling disturbances.
Author: Hussaini Makun Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 9535122770 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 316
Book Description
Food-borne diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. It is estimated that about 2.2 million people die yearly due to food and water contamination. Food safety and consequently food security are therefore of immense importance to public health, international trade and world economy. This book, which has 10 chapters, provides information on the incidence, health implications and effective prevention and control strategies of food-related diseases. The book will be useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students, educators and researchers in the fields of life sciences, medicine, agriculture, food science and technology, trade and economics. Policy makers and food regulatory officers will also find it useful in the course of their duties.
Author: Mohammad Tarequl Islam
Author: Mohammad Tarequl Islam
Author: B.S. Drasar
Author: Rita R. Colwell
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: National Research Council
Author: David Townes
Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
Author: David W. Kimberlin
Author: Maurizio Labbate
Author: Hussaini Makun