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Author: W. M. Corden Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 0939934949 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
This paper deals with trade policy issues of particular interest to the Fund. It is motivated both by the revival of protectionist attitudes in the industrial countries and the prevalence of liberalization proposals for developing countries. In veiw of Fund concerns with the functioning of the International monetary system and with the individual countries' macroeconomic policy, and especially exchange rate issues, relate to protection.
Author: W. M. Corden Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 0939934949 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
This paper deals with trade policy issues of particular interest to the Fund. It is motivated both by the revival of protectionist attitudes in the industrial countries and the prevalence of liberalization proposals for developing countries. In veiw of Fund concerns with the functioning of the International monetary system and with the individual countries' macroeconomic policy, and especially exchange rate issues, relate to protection.
Author: Olivier Long Publisher: Trade Policy Research Centre London ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
Argues that to improve international surveillance of trade policies it is necessary to make the conduct and instruments of trade policies more visible and to increase public awareness of the economy-wide costs and benefits of public assistance to troubled industries.
Author: Gary Clyde Hufbauer Publisher: Peterson Institute for International Economics ISBN: 0881326801 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
In the wake of the Great Recession of 2008–09, economists feared that protectionist policies might sweep the world economy, echoing the wave of tariff escalations during the Great Depression of the 1930s. To some surprise, officials were more restrained and largely avoided traditional forms of protection (tariffs and quotas), leading some observers to underestimate the incidence of new protectionism. In fact, policymakers increasingly turned to more opaque behind-the-border nontariff barriers (NTBs). Using a combination of statistical analysis and case studies, the authors show that local content requirements (LCRs), a form of NTB, have become increasingly popular. How much was global trade actually reduced on account of LCRs? A conservative estimate might be $93 billion. Case studies featured cover the healthcare sector in Brazil, wind turbines in Canada, the automobile industry in China, solar cells and modules in India, oil and gas in Nigeria, and “Buy American” restrictions on government procurement in the United States.
Author: Sandra L. Walker Publisher: Publications Fac St Louis ISBN: 9782802800859 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
Recent years have witnessed a proliferation of laws regulating the environment. Such laws aim to protect the environment of the legislating country and increasingly, the environment beyond its borders. While the objectives of these rules appear to be laudable ones, environmental regulation is frequently criticized as trade-restrictive and protectionist. In addition, attempts to regulate foreign production processes are attacked as interfering with the sovereign right of foreign countries to determine their own standards of environmental management. Environmental protection goals may also hinder international trade and consequently become vulnerable to legal challenge under international trade law. The manner in which international trade law weights the competing objectives of environmental protection and trade liberalization is the subject of this book. The experience of the European Economic Community in this regard provides a useful backdrop against which the treatment of environmental regulation under the GATT can be both examined and improved. The author concludes the GATT reforms, such as the incorporation of environmental principes into GATT jurisprudence, are critical to ensuring the legality of legitimate environmental protection measures. Such efforts would serve to safeguard both the environment and a more stable international trading system. The study was financed by the Brussels Capital Region through the Visiting Scientist's Programme.
Author: Romain Wacziarg Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 9781788111492 Category : Free trade Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This compelling two-volume collection presents the major literary contributions to the economic analysis of the consequences of trade liberalization on growth, productivity, labor market outcomes and economic inequality. Examining the classical theories that stress gains from trade stemming from comparative advantage, the selection also comprises more recent theories of imperfect competition, where any potential gains from trade can stem from competitive effects or the international transmission of knowledge. Empirical contributions provide evidence regarding the explanatory power of these various theories, including work on the effects of trade openness on economic growth, wages, and income inequality, as well as evidence on the effects of trade on firm productivity, entry and exit. Prefaced by an original introduction from the editor, the collection will to be an invaluable research resource for academics, practitioners and those drawn to this fascinating topic.
Author: Bernard Hoekman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 36
Book Description
In the past, international economists have ignored trade in services, but technological progress and international trade negotiations are likely to keep liberalization of trade in services a high-profile policy issue.Until recently, trade in services was mostly ignored by international economists, reflecting a perception that services were nontradable. This has never been true. Transportation and travel, for example, have always been important economic activities. In 1995, services trade had climbed to a 20-percent share of global trade - no doubt an underestimate, as the most dynamic component of trade in services is telecommunications, which is not being properly captured in conventional balance of payment statistics.Hoekman and Braga survey the literature on trade in services, focusing on the policies used to restrict such trade, the gains from liberalization, and the institutional mechanisms adopted in pursuit of liberalization.They argue that technological progress (which makes services more tradable) and international trade negotiations are likely to keep liberalization of trade in services a high-profile policy issue.They suggest that research focus on developing better estimates of the welfare costs of protectionism in the service sector. This will require quantifying barriers to the international exchange of services.This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - was prepared for The Open Economies Review.
Author: Andreas Dür Publisher: Cornell University Press ISBN: 0801457300 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
The liberalization of transatlantic trade relations since the Great Depression is one of the key developments in the global political economy of the last hundred years. This period has seen the negotiated reduction of both tariffs and nontariff barriers among developed countries, which allowed for the rapid expansion of trade flows, a driving force of economic globalization. In Protection for Exporters, Andreas Dür provides a novel explanation for this phenomenon that stresses the role of societal interests in shaping trade politics. He argues that exporters lobby more in reaction to losses of foreign market access than in pursuit of opportunities, thus providing a rationale for periods of acceleration and slowdown in the pace of liberalization. Dür also presents hypotheses about the form in which protection for exporters is provided (preferential or nonpreferential) and the balance of concessions that is exchanged in trade negotiations. Protection for Exporters includes case studies of major developments in international trade relations, such as the passage of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act in the 1930s, the creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in the 1940s, the Kennedy Round in the 1960s, the debate over Fortress Europe in the 1980s, and U.S.-European competition over access to emerging markets in the early 2000s. Dür's rigorous argument and systematic empirical analyses not only explain transatlantic trade relations but also allow for a better understanding of the dynamics of international economic relations.
Author: Jagdish N. Bhagwati Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 1400824346 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 143
Book Description
Free trade, indeed economic globalization generally, is under siege. The conventional arguments for protectionism have been discredited but not banished. And free trade faces strong new challenges from a variety of groups, including environmentalists and human rights activists as well as traditional lobbies who wrap their agendas in the language of justice and rights. These groups, claiming a general interest and denouncing free trade as a special interest of corporations and other capitalist forces, have organized large and vocal protests in Seattle, Prague, and elsewhere. Based on his acclaimed Stockholm lectures and picking up where his widely influential Protectionism left off, Jagdish Bhagwati applies critical insights from revolutionary developments in commercial policy theory--many his own--to show how the pursuit of social and environmental agendas can be creatively reconciled with the pursuit of free trade. Indeed, he argues that free trade, by raising living standards, can serve these agendas far better than can a descent into trade sanctions and restrictions. After settling the score in favor of free trade, Professor Bhagwati considers alternative ways in which it can be pursued. Chiefly, he argues in support of multilateralism and advances a withering critique of recent bilateral and regional free trade agreements (including NAFTA) as preferential arrangements that introduce growing chaos into the world trading system. He also makes a strong case for "going it alone" on the road to trade liberalization and endorses the reemergence of unilateral liberalization at points around the globe. Forcefully, elegantly, and clearly written for the public by one of the foremost economic thinkers of our day, this volume is not merely accessible but essential reading for anyone interested in economic policy or in the world economy.
Author: Peter Van den Bossche Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1316571548 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 349
Book Description
At a time when developments in WTO law have made this field increasingly complex, this concise and non-technical introduction provides a timely and carefully considered overview of the substantive rules and institutional arrangements of the WTO. A variety of text features enables a rich understanding of the law: illustrative examples clarify important issues of the law and demonstrate the law's practical application; boxed summaries of key rulings in WTO case law highlight the interpretation of the relevant provisions and lead readers to a deep understanding of the meaning and application of legal rules; and recommendations for further reading allow readers to engage with current debates. Online resources include links to useful sources of information for work and research within the field. Co-written by a leading authority in the field, this is essential reading for anyone who wants to get to grips with this fascinating yet challenging field of law.
Author: W. M. Corden
Author: W. M. Corden
Author: Olivier Long
Author: Marcelo de Paiva Abreu
Author: Gary Clyde Hufbauer 
Author: Sandra L. Walker
Author: Romain Wacziarg
Author: Bernard Hoekman
Author: Andreas Dür
Author: Jagdish N. Bhagwati
Author: Peter Van den Bossche