Author: Yule Kim Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437920543 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
The 4th Amend. requires that a search or seizure conducted by a governmental agent be reasonable and supported by probable cause. Few exceptions to the presumptive warrant and probable cause requirements are more firmly rooted than the ¿border search¿ exception. This allows officials to inspect incoming individuals and their belongings and to interdict incoming contraband without having to inform a magistrate before the search. This report first outlines the statutes authorizing certain fed. officers to conduct warrantless searches. It then addresses the scope of the gov¿t. constitutional authority to search and seize persons and property at the border. It also describes the levels of suspicion generally required for each type of border search.
Author: Yule Kim Publisher: ISBN: Category : Border security Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
Many border security initiatives were developed after the events of September 11, 2001. Because security initiatives often maintain a search and seizure component, Fourth Amendment implications may arise. The Fourth Amendment establishes that a search or seizure conducted by a governmental agent must be reasonable, and that probable cause support any judicially granted warrant. An invalid "search" is an infringement of an expectation of privacy that society is prepared to consider reasonable. A "seizure" of a person occurs when a government official makes an individual reasonably believe that he or she is not at liberty to ignore the government's presence in view of all the circumstances surrounding the incident. The Court has interpreted the Fourth Amendment to include a presumptive warrant requirement on all searches and seizures conducted by the government, and has ruled that any violations of this standard will result in the suppression of any information derived therefrom. The Court, however, has also recognized situations that render the obtainment of a warrant impractical or against the public's interest, and has accordingly crafted various exceptions to the warrant and probable cause requirements of the Fourth Amendment.
Author: Michael J. Arata Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional ISBN: 0071589163 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 362
Book Description
Perimeter Security has taken on a new level of importance since 9/11. Whether insuring the safety of government buildings, hospitals, residences, or bio-research labs, the safety of workers and materials can only be ensured by outfitting all points of entry with the appropriate alarm and surveillance equipment. This comprehensive hands-on resource focuses on designing, installing, and maintaining perimeter security for buildings. Audience includes architects, engineers, facility managers, and security consultants Includes checklists, survey forms, and questionnaires Shows how to plan and design fences, gates, and other barriers; design protective lighting; select the right intrusion detection systems; evaluate risk; and secure specific areas
Author: Michael E. O'Hanlon Publisher: Brookings Institution Press ISBN: 9780815798644 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 204
Book Description
The September 11 attacks forcefully brought home the need to better protect the U.S. homeland. But how can this be accomplished most effectively? Here, a team of Brookings scholars offers a four-tier plan to guide and bolster the efforts under way by the Bush administration and Congress. There has been some progress in making our homeland more secure. But the authors are concerned that the Bush administration may focus too narrowly on preventing attacks like those of the recent past and believe a broader and more structured approach to ensuring homeland security is needed. Given the vulnerability of our open society, the authors recommend four clear lines of direction. The first and last have received a good deal of attention from the Bush administration, though not yet enough; for the other two, a great deal remains to be done: Perimeter defense at the border to prevent entry by potential perpetrators and the weapons and hazardous materials they may use Prevention by detecting possible terrorists within the United States and securing dangerous materials they might obtain here Identification and defense of key sites within the county: population centers, critical economic assets and infrastructure, and locations of key political or symbolic importance Consequence management to give those directly involved in responding to an attack that may nevertheless occur the tools necessary to quickly identify and attack and limit its damage Included are specific recommendations on how much more to spend on homeland security, how much of the cost should be borne by the private sector, and how to structure the federal government to make the responsible agencies more efficient in addressing security concerns. Specifically, the authors believe that annual federal spending on homeland security may need to grow to about $45 billion, relative to a 2001 level of less than $20 billion and a Bush administration proposed budget for 2003 of $38 billion. They also
Author: Michael E. O'Hanlon Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 9780815764540 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
A good deal has been done to improve the safety of Americans on their own soil since the attacks of September 11, 2001. Yet there have been numerous setbacks. The Bush administration and Congress wasted at least six months in 2002 due to partisan disagreement over a new budget for homeland security, and as one consequence, resources were slow to reach first responders across the country. Most improvements in homeland security have focused on "refighting the last war"—improving defenses against attacks similar to those the country has already suffered. Not enough has been done to anticipate possible new kinds of terrorist actions. Policymakers have also focused too much attention on the creation of a department of homeland security—rather than identifying and addressing the kinds of threats to which the country remains vulnerable. While the creation of a cabinet-level agency focusing on homeland security may have merit, the authors of this study argue that the department will not, in and of itself, make Americans safer. To the contrary, the complexity of merging so many disparate agencies threatens to distract Congress and the administration from other, more urgent security efforts. This second edition of Protecting the American Homeland urges policymakers to focus on filling key gaps that remain in the current homeland security effort: identifying better protection for private infrastructure; using information technology to share intelligence and more effectively "connect the dots" that could hold hints to possible terrorist tactics; expanding the capacities of the Coast Guard and Customs Service, as well as airline transportation security; dealing with the possible threat of surface-to-air missiles to airliners; and encouraging better coordination among intelligence agencies. While acknowledging the impossibility of preventing every possible type of terrorist violence, the authors recommend a more systematic approach to homeland security that focuses
Author: Michael E. O'Hanlon Publisher: ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 216
Book Description
Annotation This report (from the political think tank the Brookings Institution) critically examines President Bush's "homeland security" plan, arguing that it is not sufficient for protection against further attacks. They suggest expanding police powers and centralizing information sharing among intelligence outfits, as well as numerous other more specific recommendations. The entire report is also available online at the Brooking Institution's web site. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Author: Yule Kim
Author: Yule Kim
Author: 
Author: Congressional Research Service: The Libr
Author: Michael J. Arata
Author: Michael E. O'Hanlon
Author: Stephen R. Viña
Author: Michael E. O'Hanlon
Author: Michael E. O'Hanlon
Author: United States. Patent Office