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Author: Paolo Mancosu Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192649299 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
An Introduction to Proof Theory provides an accessible introduction to the theory of proofs, with details of proofs worked out and examples and exercises to aid the reader's understanding. It also serves as a companion to reading the original pathbreaking articles by Gerhard Gentzen. The first half covers topics in structural proof theory, including the Gödel-Gentzen translation of classical into intuitionistic logic (and arithmetic), natural deduction and the normalization theorems (for both NJ and NK), the sequent calculus, including cut-elimination and mid-sequent theorems, and various applications of these results. The second half examines ordinal proof theory, specifically Gentzen's consistency proof for first-order Peano Arithmetic. The theory of ordinal notations and other elements of ordinal theory are developed from scratch, and no knowledge of set theory is presumed. The proof methods needed to establish proof-theoretic results, especially proof by induction, are introduced in stages throughout the text. Mancosu, Galvan, and Zach's introduction will provide a solid foundation for those looking to understand this central area of mathematical logic and the philosophy of mathematics.
Author: Paolo Mancosu Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192649299 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 336
Book Description
An Introduction to Proof Theory provides an accessible introduction to the theory of proofs, with details of proofs worked out and examples and exercises to aid the reader's understanding. It also serves as a companion to reading the original pathbreaking articles by Gerhard Gentzen. The first half covers topics in structural proof theory, including the Gödel-Gentzen translation of classical into intuitionistic logic (and arithmetic), natural deduction and the normalization theorems (for both NJ and NK), the sequent calculus, including cut-elimination and mid-sequent theorems, and various applications of these results. The second half examines ordinal proof theory, specifically Gentzen's consistency proof for first-order Peano Arithmetic. The theory of ordinal notations and other elements of ordinal theory are developed from scratch, and no knowledge of set theory is presumed. The proof methods needed to establish proof-theoretic results, especially proof by induction, are introduced in stages throughout the text. Mancosu, Galvan, and Zach's introduction will provide a solid foundation for those looking to understand this central area of mathematical logic and the philosophy of mathematics.
Author: Ulrich Kohlenbach Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540775331 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 539
Book Description
This is the first treatment in book format of proof-theoretic transformations - known as proof interpretations - that focuses on applications to ordinary mathematics. It covers both the necessary logical machinery behind the proof interpretations that are used in recent applications as well as – via extended case studies – carrying out some of these applications in full detail. This subject has historical roots in the 1950s. This book for the first time tells the whole story.
Author: Louise Gluck Publisher: HarperCollins ISBN: 0063117614 Category : Literary Collections Languages : en Pages : 154
Book Description
Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature Proofs and Theories, winner of the PEN/Martha Albrand Award for First Non-Fiction, is an illuminating collection of essays by Louise Glück, one of this country's most brilliant poets. Like her poems, the prose of Glück, who won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1993 for The Wild Iris, is compressed, fastidious, fierce, alert, and absolutely unconsoled. The force of her thought is evident everywhere in these essays, from her explorations of other poets' work to her skeptical contemplation of current literary critical notions such as "sincerity" and "courage." Here also are Glück's revealing reflections on her own education and life as a poet, and a tribute to her teacher and mentor, Stanley Kunitz. Proofs and Theories is not a casual collection. It is the testament of a major poet.
Author: Gaisi Takeuti Publisher: Courier Corporation ISBN: 0486490734 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 514
Book Description
Focusing on Gentzen-type proof theory, this volume presents a detailed overview of creative works by author Gaisi Takeuti and other twentieth-century logicians. The text explores applications of proof theory to logic as well as other areas of mathematics. Suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students of mathematics, this long-out-of-print monograph forms a cornerstone for any library in mathematical logic and related topics. The three-part treatment begins with an exploration of first order systems, including a treatment of predicate calculus involving Gentzen's cut-elimination theorem and the theory of natural numbers in terms of Gödel's incompleteness theorem and Gentzen's consistency proof. The second part, which considers second order and finite order systems, covers simple type theory and infinitary logic. The final chapters address consistency problems with an examination of consistency proofs and their applications.
Author: Wolfram Pohlers Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3540468250 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 220
Book Description
Although this is an introductory text on proof theory, most of its contents is not found in a unified form elsewhere in the literature, except at a very advanced level. The heart of the book is the ordinal analysis of axiom systems, with particular emphasis on that of the impredicative theory of elementary inductive definitions on the natural numbers. The "constructive" consequences of ordinal analysis are sketched out in the epilogue. The book provides a self-contained treatment assuming no prior knowledge of proof theory and almost none of logic. The author has, moreover, endeavoured not to use the "cabal language" of proof theory, but only a language familiar to most readers.
Author: Martin Aigner Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662223430 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 194
Book Description
According to the great mathematician Paul Erdös, God maintains perfect mathematical proofs in The Book. This book presents the authors candidates for such "perfect proofs," those which contain brilliant ideas, clever connections, and wonderful observations, bringing new insight and surprising perspectives to problems from number theory, geometry, analysis, combinatorics, and graph theory. As a result, this book will be fun reading for anyone with an interest in mathematics.
Author: K. Schütte Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642664733 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 309
Book Description
This book was originally intended to be the second edition of the book "Beweis theorie" (Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, Band 103, Springer 1960), but in fact has been completely rewritten. As well as classical predicate logic we also treat intuitionistic predicate logic. The sentential calculus properties of classical formal and semiformal systems are treated using positive and negative parts of formulas as in the book "Beweistheorie". In a similar way we use right and left parts of formulas for intuitionistic predicate logic. We introduce the theory of functionals of finite types in order to present the Gi:idel interpretation of pure number theory. Instead of ramified type theory, type-free logic and the associated formalization of parts of analysis which we treated in the book "Beweistheorie", we have developed simple classical type theory and predicative analysis in a systematic way. Finally we have given consistency proofs for systems of lI~-analysis following the work of G. Takeuti. In order to do this we have introduced a constni'ctive system of notation for ordinals which goes far beyond the notation system in "Beweistheorie."
Author: Morten Heine Sørensen Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080478921 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 457
Book Description
The Curry-Howard isomorphism states an amazing correspondence between systems of formal logic as encountered in proof theory and computational calculi as found in type theory. For instance,minimal propositional logic corresponds to simply typed lambda-calculus, first-order logic corresponds to dependent types, second-order logic corresponds to polymorphic types, sequent calculus is related to explicit substitution, etc.The isomorphism has many aspects, even at the syntactic level:formulas correspond to types, proofs correspond to terms, provability corresponds to inhabitation, proof normalization corresponds to term reduction, etc.But there is more to the isomorphism than this. For instance, it is an old idea---due to Brouwer, Kolmogorov, and Heyting---that a constructive proof of an implication is a procedure that transformsproofs of the antecedent into proofs of the succedent; the Curry-Howard isomorphism gives syntactic representations of such procedures. The Curry-Howard isomorphism also provides theoretical foundations for many modern proof-assistant systems (e.g. Coq).This book give an introduction to parts of proof theory and related aspects of type theory relevant for the Curry-Howard isomorphism. It can serve as an introduction to any or both of typed lambda-calculus and intuitionistic logic.Key features- The Curry-Howard Isomorphism treated as common theme- Reader-friendly introduction to two complementary subjects: Lambda-calculus and constructive logics- Thorough study of the connection between calculi and logics- Elaborate study of classical logics and control operators- Account of dialogue games for classical and intuitionistic logic- Theoretical foundations of computer-assisted reasoning· The Curry-Howard Isomorphism treated as the common theme.· Reader-friendly introduction to two complementary subjects: lambda-calculus and constructive logics · Thorough study of the connection between calculi and logics.· Elaborate study of classical logics and control operators.· Account of dialogue games for classical and intuitionistic logic.· Theoretical foundations of computer-assisted reasoning
Author: Toshiyasu Arai Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811564590 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 327
Book Description
This book provides readers with a guide to both ordinal analysis, and to proof theory. It mainly focuses on ordinal analysis, a research topic in proof theory that is concerned with the ordinal theoretic content of formal theories. However, the book also addresses ordinal analysis and basic materials in proof theory of first-order or omega logic, presenting some new results and new proofs of known ones.Primarily intended for graduate students and researchers in mathematics, especially in mathematical logic, the book also includes numerous exercises and answers for selected exercises, designed to help readers grasp and apply the main results and techniques discussed.
Author: Paolo Mancosu
Author: Paolo Mancosu
Author: Ulrich Kohlenbach
Author: Louise Gluck
Author: Gaisi Takeuti
Author: Wolfram Pohlers
Author: Stephen George Simpson
Author: Martin Aigner
Author: K. Schütte
Author: Morten Heine Sørensen
Author: Toshiyasu Arai