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Author: Marcos R. Costa Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889196836 Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Languages : en Pages : 109
Book Description
The central nervous system continuously perceives, integrates, processes and generates information. These complex functions rely on the detailed elaboration of its cellular network and on the myriads of individual, highly differentiated and specialized cell types, classically subdivided into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The specification of these individual populations begins early during development with less differentiated, yet already partly restricted, progenitor cells. Anatomically located in dedicated germinative niches, neural progenitors perceive the influence of diffusible molecules of various natures and concentrations. These signals result in the initial specialization of cohorts of progenitors that express unique combinations of transcription factors. It is now clearly established that both extrinsic and intrinsic signals act in concert to determine the fate potentials of these progenitor cohorts. This limitation increases over time, adult neural progenitors being more restricted than their developmental counterparts. Nevertheless, recent data have shown that the fate restriction of neural progenitors, as well as that of their progenies, can be overwritten upon selected intrinsic factor expression, not only during development but also in adulthood. This e-book is a collection of original research studies along with review articles that, together, provide insights into the vast spatiotemporal diversity of neural progenitors, and the various factors that govern their fate potential.
Author: Marcos R. Costa Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889196836 Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Languages : en Pages : 109
Book Description
The central nervous system continuously perceives, integrates, processes and generates information. These complex functions rely on the detailed elaboration of its cellular network and on the myriads of individual, highly differentiated and specialized cell types, classically subdivided into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The specification of these individual populations begins early during development with less differentiated, yet already partly restricted, progenitor cells. Anatomically located in dedicated germinative niches, neural progenitors perceive the influence of diffusible molecules of various natures and concentrations. These signals result in the initial specialization of cohorts of progenitors that express unique combinations of transcription factors. It is now clearly established that both extrinsic and intrinsic signals act in concert to determine the fate potentials of these progenitor cohorts. This limitation increases over time, adult neural progenitors being more restricted than their developmental counterparts. Nevertheless, recent data have shown that the fate restriction of neural progenitors, as well as that of their progenies, can be overwritten upon selected intrinsic factor expression, not only during development but also in adulthood. This e-book is a collection of original research studies along with review articles that, together, provide insights into the vast spatiotemporal diversity of neural progenitors, and the various factors that govern their fate potential.
Author: Charles Watson Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123694973 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 815
Book Description
The Mouse Nervous System provides a comprehensive account of the central nervous system of the mouse. The book is aimed at molecular biologists who need a book that introduces them to the anatomy of the mouse brain and spinal cord, but also takes them into the relevant details of development and organization of the area they have chosen to study. The Mouse Nervous System offers a wealth of new information for experienced anatomists who work on mice. The book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in neuroscience. Systematic consideration of the anatomy and connections of all regions of the brain and spinal cord by the authors of the most cited rodent brain atlases A major section (12 chapters) on functional systems related to motor control, sensation, and behavioral and emotional states A detailed analysis of gene expression during development of the forebrain by Luis Puelles, the leading researcher in this area Full coverage of the role of gene expression during development and the new field of genetic neuroanatomy using site-specific recombinases Examples of the use of mouse models in the study of neurological illness
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123973481 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 993
Book Description
The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 1 offers 48 high level articles devoted mainly to patterning and cell type specification in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 1 sections include coverage of mechanisms which: control regional specification, regulate proliferation of neuronal progenitors and control differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subtypes, and controlling development of non-neural cells
Author: Eric H. Davidson Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080525598 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 274
Book Description
The interaction between biology and evolution has been the subject of great interest in recent years. Because evolution is such a highly debated topic, a biologically oriented discussion will appeal not only to scientists and biologists but also to the interested lay person. This topic will always be a subject of controversy and therefore any breaking information regarding it is of great interest.The author is a recognized expert in the field of developmental biology and has been instrumental in elucidating the relationship between biology and evolution. The study of evolution is of interest to many different kinds of people and Genomic Regulatory Systems: In Development and Evolution is written at a level that is very easy to read and understand even for the nonscientist. * Contents Include* Regulatory Hardwiring: A Brief Overview of the Genomic Control Apparatus and Its Causal Role in Development and Evolution * Inside the Cis-Regulatory Module: Control Logic and How the Regulatory Environment Is Transduced into Spatial Patterns of Gene Expression* Regulation of Direct Cell-Type Specification in Early Development* The Secret of the Bilaterians: Abstract Regulatory Design in Building Adult Body Parts* Changes That Make New Forms: Gene Regulatory Systems and the Evolution of Body Plans
Author: Amir Al Oustah Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 98
Book Description
The diverse cell types of the vertebrate central nervous system, neurons and glial cells, are generated during embryonic development by neural progenitors that differentiate in a highly specific manner both in space and time. Remarkably, the generation of these two diverse cell types is temporally separated with neurons being generated first and glial cells being generated later. The molecular mechanisms controlling neural cell fate diversification are well defined in the developing spinal cord. In the ventral embryonic spinal cord, the secreted protein Sonic hedgehog (Shh), produced source cells at the ventral midline, is the main morphogen factor inducing neural cell fate diversification. Shh diffuses from its source and establishes a concentration gradient in the target tissue that induces the apparition of distinct neural progenitor domains in a dose-dependent manner. Each one of these domains expresses a specific transcriptional code and produces a specific type of neural cells. Particularly, ventral-most neural progenitors, included in the p3 domain, express the transcription factor Nkx2.2 and generate V3 interneurons whereas dorsally located neural progenitors of the pMN domain express the transcription factor Olig2 and generate motoneurons. Importantly, the establishment of these two domains occurs progressively. Olig2 is first induced in the ventral part of the developing tissue in response to low doses of Shh. At a second time point, Nkx2.2 is up-regulated in ventral-most neural progenitors in response to higher doses of Shh. This transcription factor further down-regulates Olig2 in these cells giving rise to the two adjacent p3 and pMN domains. Interestingly, at stage of glial specification, a temporal increase in Shh activity leads to spatial rearrangement in gene expression domains in this region. A novel domain, called p*, is formed following up-regulation of Nkx2.2 expression in Olig2-expressing progenitors. Co-expression of these transcription factors, which is maintained at this stage, triggers these progenitors to generate oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs). A key player in this process is Sulfatase1 (Sulf1) that has been previously identified in the group as an essential temporal regulator of Shh activity at the time of OPC specification. It belongs to the family of extracellular endosulfatases which edit post-synthetically the sulfation profile of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), components of the extracellular matrix, and thus modulate HSPGs interaction with a great variety of signalling molecules. During my Ph.D., I used mainly zebrafish as a model to address the role and mode of action of Sulf1 in the temporal control of Shh activity during neural development in the ventral spinal cord. We found that Sulf1 is required for accurate temporal activation of Shh-dependent high-threshold target gene nkx2.2a early during initial pattern establishment and later during pattern rearrangement which permits the generation of V3 interneurons and OPCs, respectively. Importantly, we found that Sulf1 is reiteratively up-regulated in Shh producing cells at these two distinct stages of neural development. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Sulf1 up-regulation promotes the provision of a biologically active form of Shh from its source allowing the induction of high-threshold response to Shh. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Sulf1 is an essential temporal regulator of Shh activity during spinal cord development. Our results highlight a novel mode of temporal regulation of morphogen factor activity during development in which temporal changes in morphogen activity are mediated by temporal evolution in the morphogen source properties.
Author: Andre M. Goffinet Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540480021 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 347
Book Description
Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in mammalian brain development remains limited. However, the last few years have wit nessed a quantum leap in our knowledge, due to technological improve ments, particularly in molecular genetics. Despite this progress, the available body of data remains mostly phenomenological and reveals very little about the grammar that organizes the molecular dictionary to articulate a pheno type. Nevertheless, the recent progress in genetics will allow us to contem plate, for the first time, the integration of observation into a coherent view of brain development. Clearly, this may be a major challenge for the next century, and arguably is the most important task of contemporary develop mental biology. The purpose of the present book is to provide an overview that syn thesizes up-to-date information on selected aspects of mouse brain devel opment. Given the format, it was not possible to cover all aspects of brain development, and many important subjects are missing. The selected themes are, to a certain extent, subjective and reflect the interests of the contributing authors. Examples of major themes that are not covered are peripheral nervous system development, including myelination, the development of the hippocampus and several other CNS structures, as well as the developmental function of some important morphoregulatory molecules.
Author: Stefan Britsch Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540371079 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 78
Book Description
Neuregulins are EGF-like growth and differentiation factors that interact with tyrosine kinase receptors of the ErbB family. Neuregulin signals are also involved in the development diseases including breast cancer, heart disease and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This book reviews the biology of Neuregulins and their receptors and summarizes recent research, which has established crucial functions of this signaling system during development and disease.
Author: Marcos R. Costa
Author: Marcos R. Costa
Author: Charles Watson
Author: 
Author: Eric H. Davidson
Author: Miao He
Author: M. Matise
Author: S. Temple
Author: Amir Al Oustah
Author: Andre M. Goffinet
Author: Stefan Britsch