Process and Environmental Technology for Producing SNG and Liquid Fuels PDF Download

Author: Milton R. Beychok
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Liquid fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 152

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Author: Saiedeh Arabi Bolaghi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fischer-Tropsch process
Languages : en
Pages : 93

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Book Description
Gas to Liquid (GTL) processes chemically convert natural gas to valuable liquid hydrocarbon products. The GTL process considered in this research is comprised of three phases: 1) syngas production, 2) Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS), and 3) product separation. This study focuses on the simulation and optimization of a GTL process to convert natural gas to more valuable liquid fuels. In syngas production, steam methane reforming (SMR) is typically used although it requires an external heat source due to the endothermic nature of the reaction. In addition, the SMR approach produces syngas with a hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio that is not ideal for the FTS reaction. An alternative approach that combines partial oxidation of methane (POX) and SMR in series is considered in this work. The heat released in the exothermic POX stage drives the endothermic SMR stage resulting in an auto-thermal reforming reaction (ATR) that is net exothermic. The resulting syngas product has the ideal hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio for FTS. The aim of this work is to establish numerical models for the ATR and FTS reactor components of a GTL plant and study the impact of various input parameters on the output of the overall system. Kinetic models were developed based on laboratory data collected from a GTL pilot plant operating at UTA. A multiphysics finite element model was developed to simulate a multi tubular packed bed reactor for FTS. The impact of coolant flow rate and syngas space velocity on oil productivity and syngas conversion was studied.

Author: Ford, Bacon, and Davis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coal
Languages : en
Pages : 846

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Book Description
Consists of a report on the survey of 37 states and Alaska, and a summary for the United States.

Author: James T. Bartis
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 0833045113
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 199

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Book Description
Record-high world oil prices have prompted renewed interest in producing liquid fuels from coal. The United States leads the world in recoverable coal reserves. Moreover, the technology for converting coal to liquid fuels already exists, and production costs appear competitive at world oil prices well below current levels. Yet, despite its promise, private investment in coal-to-liquids (CTL) technology is being impeded by three uncertainties: where oil prices are heading, what it actually costs to produce coal-derived fuels, and how greenhouse-gas emissions will be regulated. A domestic CTL industry could produce as much as three million barrels per day of transportation fuels by 2030. Having such an industry would yield important energy security benefits, most notably a lowering of world oil prices and a decrease in wealth transfers from oil users to oil producers. But establishing a large CTL industry also raises important policy and environmental issues associated with climate change, coal mining, and water consumption. Weighing both benefits and costs, it makes sense for the United States to pursue an insurance or hedge strategy that promotes the early construction and operation of a limited number of commercial CTL plants. This book presents an in-depth review of the prospects of and policy, governance, and environmental issues associated with establishing a CTL industry in the United States. -- provided by publisher.

Author: Yatish T. Shah
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315302349
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 715

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Book Description
Commercial development of energy from renewables and nuclear is critical to long-term industry and environmental goals. However, it will take time for them to economically compete with existing fossil fuel energy resources and their infrastructures. Gas fuels play an important role during and beyond this transition away from fossil fuel dominance to a balanced approach to fossil, nuclear, and renewable energies. Chemical Energy from Natural and Synthetic Gas illustrates this point by examining the many roles of natural and synthetic gas in the energy and fuel industry, addressing it as both a "transition" and "end game" fuel. The book describes various types of gaseous fuels and how are they are recovered, purified, and converted to liquid fuels and electricity generation and used for other static and mobile applications. It emphasizes methane, syngas, and hydrogen as fuels, although other volatile hydrocarbons are considered. It also covers storage and transportation infrastructure for natural gas and hydrogen and methods and processes for cleaning and reforming synthetic gas. The book also deals applications, such as the use of natural gas in power production in power plants, engines, turbines, and vehicle needs. Presents a unified and collective look at gas in the energy and fuel industry, addressing it as both a "transition" and "end game" fuel. Emphasizes methane, syngas, and hydrogen as fuels. Covers gas storage and transport infrastructure. Discusses thermal gasification, gas reforming, processing, purification and upgrading. Describes biogas and bio-hydrogen production. Deals with the use of natural gas in power production in power plants, engines, turbines, and vehicle needs.

Author: Sunggyu Lee
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 146659456X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 706

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Book Description
While strides are being made in the research and development of environmentally acceptable and more sustainable alternative fuels—including efforts to reduce emissions of air pollutants associated with combustion processes from electric power generation and vehicular transportation—fossil fuel resources are limited and may soon be on the verge of depletion in the near future. Measuring the correlation between quality of life, energy consumption, and the efficient utilization of energy, the Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, Second Edition thoroughly examines the science and technology of alternative fuels and their processing technologies. It focuses specifically on environmental, technoeconomic, and socioeconomic issues associated with the use of alternative energy sources, such as sustainability, applicable technologies, modes of utilization, and impacts on society. Written with research and development scientists and engineers in mind, the material in this handbook provides a detailed description and an assessment of available and feasible technologies, environmental health and safety issues, governmental regulations, and issues and agendas for R&D. It also includes alternative energy networks for production, distribution, and consumption. What’s New in This Edition: Contains several new chapters of emerging interest and updates various chapters throughout Includes coverage of coal gasification and liquefaction, hydrogen technology and safety, shale fuel by hydraulic fracturing, ethanol from lignocellulosics, biodiesel, algae fuels, and energy from waste products Covers statistics, current concerns, and future trends A single-volume complete reference, the Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, Second Edition contains relevant information on chemistry, technology, and novel approaches, as well as scientific foundations for further enhancements and breakthroughs. In addition to its purposes as a handbook for practicing scientists and engineers, it can also be used as a textbook or as a reference book on fuel science and engineering, energy and environment, chemical process design, and energy and environmental policy.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309041422
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 236

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Book Description
The American love affair with the automobile is powered by gasoline and diesel fuel, both produced from petroleum. But experts are turning more of their attention to alternative sources of liquid transportation fuels, as concerns mount about U.S. dependence on foreign oil, falling domestic oil production, and the environment. This book explores the potential for producing liquid transportation fuels by enhanced oil recovery from existing reservoirs, and processing resources such as coal, oil shale, tar sands, natural gas, and other promising approaches. Fuels to Drive Our Future draws together relevant geological, technical, economic, and environmental factors and recommends specific directions for U.S. research and development efforts on alternative fuel sources. Of special interest is the book's benchmark cost analysis comparing several major alternative fuel production processes. This volume will be of special interest to executives and engineers in the automotive and fuel industries, policymakers, environmental and alternative fuel specialists, energy economists, and researchers.

Author: Michael Moy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gas as fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 21

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Book Description

Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Liquid fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 156

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Book Description

Author: D. A. Williams
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483137759
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 189

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Book Description
Liquid Fuels discusses the properties, classification, manufacturing, and practical use of liquid fuels. The book is organized into 10 chapters discussing the various aspects of liquid fuels, from source to storage. Chapters 1 and 2 present the main source of liquid fuels and other sources such as oil shales and coal. Chapter 3 illustrates the physical and chemical tests used to determine the properties of liquid fuels and the significance of these properties to the practical applications of the different types of fuels. Fuels for spark and compression ignition engines are discussed in Chapters 4 and 5. Chapter 6 presents the combustion and atomization of fuel oils. Chapters 7 to 9 enumerate the industrial and household uses of liquid fuels. The final chapter deals with the handling and storage of liquid fuels. Students of chemical engineering and metallurgy and people working at industries requiring the use of liquid fuels in their manufacturing processes will find the book useful.