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Author: University of Waterloo. Department of Chemical Engineering Publisher: ISBN: Category : Biomass energy Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
Earlier work in the laboratory had shown that it was possible to hydrogasify wood directly at atmospheric pressure in a fluidized bed of nickel catalyst at operating conditions corresponding to those that were optimal for maximum liquid yields in the Waterloo fast pyrolysis process. It was thought that it might be possible to produce higher hydrocarbons by the same method with suitably modified catalysts. This project investigated the possibility of direct single step production of light hydrocarbons (C2+) from wood or cellulose by a process called catalytic hydropyrolysis. A wide range of catalytic metals, singly or in combination, were investigated, as well as three supports. Metals investigated include iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, zirconium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, aluminum, titanium, and magnesium.
Author: University of Waterloo. Department of Chemical Engineering Publisher: ISBN: Category : Biomass energy Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
Earlier work in the laboratory had shown that it was possible to hydrogasify wood directly at atmospheric pressure in a fluidized bed of nickel catalyst at operating conditions corresponding to those that were optimal for maximum liquid yields in the Waterloo fast pyrolysis process. It was thought that it might be possible to produce higher hydrocarbons by the same method with suitably modified catalysts. This project investigated the possibility of direct single step production of light hydrocarbons (C2+) from wood or cellulose by a process called catalytic hydropyrolysis. A wide range of catalytic metals, singly or in combination, were investigated, as well as three supports. Metals investigated include iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, zirconium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, aluminum, titanium, and magnesium.
Author: A. V. Bridgwater Publisher: Cpl Press ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
This edited and updated version of the final report of the IEA Bioenergy Pyrolysis Task, is useful both to newcomers to the subject area and those already involved in research, development, and implementation.
Author: Hassan Al- Haj Ibrahim Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1789840635 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
Pyrolysis is an irreversible thermochemical treatment process of materials at elevated temperatures in an inert atmosphere. It is basically a carbonisation process where an organic material is decomposed to produce a solid residue with high (or higher) carbon content and some volatile products. The decomposition reactions are accompanied in general with polymerisation and isomerisation reactions. The end products of pyrolysis can be controlled by optimizing pyrolysis parameters such as temperature and residence time. Pyrolysis is used heavily in the chemical industry to produce many forms of carbon and other chemicals from petroleum, coal, wood, oil shale, biomass or organic waste materials, and it is the basis of several methods for producing fuel from biomass. Pyrolysis also is the process of conversion of buried organic matter into fossil fuels.
Author: Zhen Fang Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811527326 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
This book presents a collection of studies on state-of-art techniques for converting biomass to chemical products by means of pyrolysis, which are widely applicable to the valorization of biomass. In addition to discussing the fundamentals and mechanisms for producing bio-oils, chemicals, gases and biochar using pyrolysis, it outlines key reaction parameters and reactor configurations for various types of biomass. Written by leading experts and providing a broad range of perspectives on cutting-edge applications, the book is a comprehensive reference guide for academic researchers and industrial engineers in the fields of natural renewable materials, biorefinery of lignocellulose, biofuels, and environmental engineering, and a valuable resource for university students in the fields of chemical engineering, material science and environmental engineering.
Author: Mohamed Samer Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 953513311X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
This book provides useful information about pyrolysis, which includes the pyrolysis of biomass and pyrolysis of fossil fuels and petrochemicals. Additionally, this book elucidates and illustrates further innovative pyrolysis processes such as catalytic pyrolysis, spray pyrolysis, and microwave-assisted pyrolysis. This book discusses the production of semiconductors and nanomaterials through the pyrolysis process.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 13
Book Description
Lignocellulosic biomass conversion to produce biofuels has received significant attention because of the quest for a replacement for fossil fuels. Among the various thermochemical and biochemical routes, fast pyrolysis followed by catalytic hydrotreating is considered to be a promising near-term opportunity. This paper reports on experimental methods used 1) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass to produce bio-oils in a fluidized-bed reactor and 2) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for catalytic hydrotreating of bio-oils in a two-stage, fixed-bed, continuous-flow catalytic reactor. The configurations of the reactor systems, the operating procedures, and the processing and analysis of feedstocks, bio-oils, and biofuels are described in detail in this paper. We also demonstrate hot-vapor filtration during fast pyrolysis to remove fine char particles and inorganic contaminants from bio-oil. Representative results showed successful conversion of biomass feedstocks to fuel-range hydrocarbon biofuels and, specifically, the effect of hot-vapor filtration on bio-oil production and upgrading. As a result, the protocols provided in this report could help to generate rigorous and reliable data for biomass pyrolysis and bio-oil hydrotreating research.
Author: Robert C Brown Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1782626182 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 291
Book Description
Fast pyrolysis and related catalytic pyrolysis are of increasing interest as pathways to advanced biofuels that closely mimic traditional petroleum products. Research has moved from empirical investigations to more fundamental studies of pyrolysis mechanisms. Theories on the chemical and physical pathways from plant polymers to pyrolysis products have proliferated as a result. This book brings together the latest developments in pyrolysis science and technology. It examines, reviews and challenges the unresolved and sometimes controversial questions about pyrolysis, helping advance the understanding of this important technology and stimulating discussion on the various competing theories of thermal deconstruction of plant polymers. Beginning with an introduction to the biomass-to-biofuels process via fast pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis, chapters address prominent questions such as whether free radicals or concerted reactions dominate deconstruction reactions. Finally, the book concludes with an economic analysis of fast pyrolysis versus catalytic pyrolysis. This book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers interested in the science behind renewable fuel technology, and particularly the thermochemical processing of biomass.
Author: A. Bridgwater Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128087595 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
This chapter examines the fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce liquids for use as fuels and chemicals. The technology for fast pyrolysis is described and the characteristics of the main product bio-oil. This primary liquid is characterised by the many properties that affect its use. These properties have caused increasingly extensive research to be undertaken to address properties that need modification and this area is reviewed in terms of physical, catalytic and chemical upgrading. Of particular note is the increasing diversity of upgrading methods.
Author: A.V. Bridgwater Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400927371 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1208
Book Description
This conference is the second such meeting under the auspices of the International Energy Agency's Bioenergy Agreement. The first lEA sponsored Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Conference was held in Estes Park in 1982 and attracted 153 delegates from 13 countries around the world at a time when interest in biomass derived energy was at a peak. Since then oil prices have fallen considerably and with most prognoses for level prices until the end of the century, there has been a significant downturn in support for biomass conversion technologies. It has been particularly encouraging, therefore, to have received such an excellent response to this meeting. A total of 122 papers were offered, and 135 delegates registered for the conference from 19 countries. The theme of this meeting was Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion to reflect the advances made in research, development, demonstration and com mercialisation since the Fundamentals meeting in 1982. The programme was divided into sections on fundamental research, applied research, and demonstration and commercial activities to emphasise the interaction and roles of all levels of research in supporting the eventual commercial implementation. The layout of the pro ceedings reflects this same pattern, with an introductory section on status and technoeconomics to identify opportunities and constraints in different parts of the world. All the papers included in these proceedings have been subjected to the usual peer review process to ensure the highest standards.
Author: Maxime Giordano Publisher: ISBN: 9781628089417 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 139
Book Description
The President has established a goal to supply 35 billion gallons per year of renewable and alternative fuels by 2017. This goal is addressed in part by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biomass Program?s (OBP?s) Thermochemical Platform multiyear program plan to "convert biomass to fuels, chemicals and power via thermal and chemical processes such as gasification, pyrolysis and other non-biochemical processes". In recent years, the Biomass Program completed technoeconomic evaluations of both biological and thermochemical pathways for converting biomass to ethanol. These "design case" studies provided a detailed basis for understanding the current state of various conversion technologies for producing fuel ethanol. The studies also helped identify technical barriers for which research and development could potentially lead to significant cost improvements. Consistent assumptions for items such as plant lifetimes, rates of return, and other factors were used in all cases so the various processes could be compared. At present, the use of biomass resources to produce infrastructure-compatible fuels is appealing. Hydrocarbon biofuels can potentially be used without significant changes to the current fuel distribution and utilization infrastructure, including pipelines, pumping stations, and vehicles. Given the relatively short time between now and 2017, the goal of 35 billion gallons per year of renewable fuels will be more readily met if hydrocarbon biofuels are part of the fuel mix.
Author: University of Waterloo. Department of Chemical Engineering
Author: University of Waterloo. Department of Chemical Engineering
Author: A. V. Bridgwater
Author: Hassan Al- Haj Ibrahim
Author: Zhen Fang
Author: Mohamed Samer
Author: 
Author: Robert C Brown
Author: A. Bridgwater
Author: A.V. Bridgwater
Author: Maxime Giordano