Production of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Removal of Cadmium PDF Download
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Author: Amode Jeminat Omotayo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Different method of preparations had been proposed by prior research studies to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater. In this research, various PAC samples from oil palm empty fruit bunches have been prepared by physical activation using steam to study the varying operating parameters of activation temperature, activation time and steam flow rate using 2- level full factorial experimental design to screen for the best quality adsorbent. The prepared EFB samples were carbonized for 30 minutes using nitrogen gas, followed by activation with steam gas at different thermal activation temperature of 600, 750 and 900°C with steam flow rates 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mL/min, and contact time at 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively for the production of activated carbon. Series of batch laboratory experiments were conducted in order to investigate the feasibility of activated carbon -derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches for the removal cadmium from aqueous solution through the adsorption process. Assessment was carried out by studying the influence of removal of Cadmium due to pH, adsorbent dosage and agitation rate to select the optimum production conditions for the novel PACs. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and batch adsorption test, the results indicated that activated carbon derived from 900°C, steam flow rate- 2ml/min and activation time of 15 minutes had maximum adsorption capacity at 2 mins (0.273 mg/g) for the removal of cadmium (97.2 %), R2 = 0.999 in the aqueous solutions with a yield of 21.8% and correlation coefficient R2 = 0.992. The optimum PAC sample selected was investigated through adsorption tests on aqueous solution of cadmium using the adsorption isotherms such as Langmuir and Freundlich to evaluate or predict the adsorption characteristics. In the isotherm studies, the trend of Langmuir and Freundlich coefficients ( , , and n) were in agreement with cadmium initial concentration trend. Batch adsorption studies showed that equilibrium time of 2 mins of agitation at 150 rpm was needed for the adsorption of cadmium on the activated carbon during experiment. The regression coefficient (R2) showed that Langmuir isotherm (R2= 0.984) fits the result better than Freundlich isotherms (R2 = 0.950). The characterization of PACs produced was measured to evaluate its quality and the results showed that 900°C activation temperature, 15 minutes activation time and 2.0 ml/mins steam flow rate had a high surface area of 635.16m2/g. These characteristics were observed to have favoured 900°C activated temperature, 15 mins activation time and 2.0 ml/mins steam flow rate with respect to adsorption of cadmium. EFB based- PAC would be promising in such a way that the industrial oil palm solid residue would.
Author: Amode Jeminat Omotayo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Different method of preparations had been proposed by prior research studies to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater. In this research, various PAC samples from oil palm empty fruit bunches have been prepared by physical activation using steam to study the varying operating parameters of activation temperature, activation time and steam flow rate using 2- level full factorial experimental design to screen for the best quality adsorbent. The prepared EFB samples were carbonized for 30 minutes using nitrogen gas, followed by activation with steam gas at different thermal activation temperature of 600, 750 and 900°C with steam flow rates 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mL/min, and contact time at 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively for the production of activated carbon. Series of batch laboratory experiments were conducted in order to investigate the feasibility of activated carbon -derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches for the removal cadmium from aqueous solution through the adsorption process. Assessment was carried out by studying the influence of removal of Cadmium due to pH, adsorbent dosage and agitation rate to select the optimum production conditions for the novel PACs. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and batch adsorption test, the results indicated that activated carbon derived from 900°C, steam flow rate- 2ml/min and activation time of 15 minutes had maximum adsorption capacity at 2 mins (0.273 mg/g) for the removal of cadmium (97.2 %), R2 = 0.999 in the aqueous solutions with a yield of 21.8% and correlation coefficient R2 = 0.992. The optimum PAC sample selected was investigated through adsorption tests on aqueous solution of cadmium using the adsorption isotherms such as Langmuir and Freundlich to evaluate or predict the adsorption characteristics. In the isotherm studies, the trend of Langmuir and Freundlich coefficients ( , , and n) were in agreement with cadmium initial concentration trend. Batch adsorption studies showed that equilibrium time of 2 mins of agitation at 150 rpm was needed for the adsorption of cadmium on the activated carbon during experiment. The regression coefficient (R2) showed that Langmuir isotherm (R2= 0.984) fits the result better than Freundlich isotherms (R2 = 0.950). The characterization of PACs produced was measured to evaluate its quality and the results showed that 900°C activation temperature, 15 minutes activation time and 2.0 ml/mins steam flow rate had a high surface area of 635.16m2/g. These characteristics were observed to have favoured 900°C activated temperature, 15 mins activation time and 2.0 ml/mins steam flow rate with respect to adsorption of cadmium. EFB based- PAC would be promising in such a way that the industrial oil palm solid residue would.
Author: Jeminat Omotayo Amode Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783844301496 Category : Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
Due to the increasingly restrictive legal requirement, the rising costs of liquid waste disposal and the growing needs for innovative sources of water supply, wastewater reduction and recovery of valuable products, Activated carbon (AC) are gaining a considerable prominence in these fields. The purpose of this study were to investigate the feasibility of converting palm oil industrial residue namely EFB into activated carbon by one step steam pyrolysis and to investigate the treatability of this product in the removal of toxic substance such as cadmium. The AC samples produced were investigated through adsorption tests on aqueous solution of cadmium and It was found that the AC prepared at activation temperature of 900 C with steam flow of 2.0 ml/minutes and activation time 15 minutes represent the best quality adsorbent with highly active sites and well- developed pores. EFB-PAC has proven to be an efficient adsorbent for the removal of contaminants from industrial waste water. Thus, the prepared AC from EFB is promising toward the industrial oil palm solid waste would be utilized safely, while the prepared AC would be used for treatment of water and waste-waters effectively."
Author: Suraya Abdul Rashid Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128162597 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 366
Book Description
Synthesis, Technology and Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials explores the chemical properties of different classes of carbon nanomaterials and their major applications. As carbon nanomaterials are used for a variety of applications due to their versatile properties and characteristics, this book discusses recent advances in synthesis methods, characterization, and applications of 0D -3D dimensional carbon nanomaterials. It is an essential resource for readers focusing on carbon nanomaterials research. Explores the chemical properties of different classes of carbon nanomaterials and their major applications Discusses recent advances in synthesis methods, characterization, and applications of 0D -3D dimensional carbon nanomaterials
Author: Sabu Thomas Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128179694 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
The Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan: Composites and Nanocomposites from Chitin and Chitosan, Manufacturing and Characterisations, Volume Two, is a must-read for polymer chemists, physicists and engineers interested in the development of ecofriendly micro and nanostructured functional materials based on chitin and their various applications. The book addresses their isolation, preparation and properties, through composites, nanomaterials, manufacturing and characterizations. This is the second of three volumes in a series that contains the latest on the major applications of chitin and chitosan based IPN’s, blends, gels, composites and nanocomposites, including environmental remediation, biomedical applications and smart material applications. Provides a comprehensive overview of Chitin and Chitosan materials, from their synthesis and nanomaterials, to their manufacture and applications Volume Two focuses on Chitin and Chitosan composites Includes contributions from leading researchers across the globe and from industry, academia, government and private research institutions Highlights current status and future opportunities
Author: Subhendu Ray Chowdhury Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000807231 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 417
Book Description
This book explains various kinds of non-ionizing and high-energy radiations, their interaction with materials and chemical reactions, and conditions of various kinds of materials development technologies including applications. It covers a processing-structure-property relationship and radiations used in developing many advanced materials used in various fields. It highlights application-oriented materials synthesis and modification covering a wide variety of materials such as plastics, rubber, thermo-set, ceramics, and so forth by various radiations. Features: Explains ionizing and non-ionizing radiation-assisted materials development technologies, for polymers, ceramics, metals, and carbons. Covers radiation-assisted synthesis, processing, and modification of all kinds of materials. Provides comparative studies, merits, demerits, and applications very systematically. Criss-crosses polymers science and technology, radiation technology, advanced materials technology, biomaterials technology, and so forth. Includes a section on 3D printing by LASER melting of CoCr alloys. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in materials science, radiation chemistry and physics, and polymer and other materials processing.
Author: Amode Jeminat Omotayo
Author: Amode Jeminat Omotayo
Author: Emad S. M. Ameen
Author: Siti Hadjar Md. Arshad
Author: Jeminat Omotayo Amode
Author: Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani
Author: Suraya Abdul Rashid
Author: Sabu Thomas
Author: Subhendu Ray Chowdhury
Author: Sabu Thomas
Author: 陳氏妙玄