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Author: Baris Yalabik Publisher: ISBN: 9780542991042 Category : Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
The flow of products usually occurs from manufacturers to consumers. In recent years the reverse flow---the number of items moving from consumers to manufacturers---has been gaining momentum. These returns can occur in a variety of ways, from customers taking advantage of a refund policy to warranty contracts to discards of items that have come to the ends of their useful lives. Competitive and legal forces and the need for more efficient manufacturing are now driving the need to better manage returns. A closed loop supply chain is a supply chain that is designed to consider the acquisition and return flows of products, reuse activities, and the distribution of the recovered products. A "demand chain" focuses on what the customer wants and needs, as opposed to seeing the customer as a closed box that generates some random demand. We define a "closed loop demand chain" as "a closed loop supply chain that is designed to consider customer characteristics and the influence of its decisions on the structure of the market it is serving". Our aim is to describe and analyze the operational and strategic decisions that need to be made in a closed loop demand chain. We use two examples: A product returns system and a remanufacturing system. For both cases, we solve for the optimal decisions of the firm and derive related insights. For the case of the remanufacturing system, we also examine the impact of remanufacturing on profits, customer surplus, and environmental friendliness, when compared to not remanufacturing.
Author: Baris Yalabik Publisher: ISBN: 9780542991042 Category : Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
The flow of products usually occurs from manufacturers to consumers. In recent years the reverse flow---the number of items moving from consumers to manufacturers---has been gaining momentum. These returns can occur in a variety of ways, from customers taking advantage of a refund policy to warranty contracts to discards of items that have come to the ends of their useful lives. Competitive and legal forces and the need for more efficient manufacturing are now driving the need to better manage returns. A closed loop supply chain is a supply chain that is designed to consider the acquisition and return flows of products, reuse activities, and the distribution of the recovered products. A "demand chain" focuses on what the customer wants and needs, as opposed to seeing the customer as a closed box that generates some random demand. We define a "closed loop demand chain" as "a closed loop supply chain that is designed to consider customer characteristics and the influence of its decisions on the structure of the market it is serving". Our aim is to describe and analyze the operational and strategic decisions that need to be made in a closed loop demand chain. We use two examples: A product returns system and a remanufacturing system. For both cases, we solve for the optimal decisions of the firm and derive related insights. For the case of the remanufacturing system, we also examine the impact of remanufacturing on profits, customer surplus, and environmental friendliness, when compared to not remanufacturing.
Author: Rommert Dekker Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 354024803X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 429
Book Description
This book addresses decision making in reverse logistics, which concerns the integration of used and obsolete products back into the supply chain as valuable resources. It covers a wide range of aspects, related to distribution, production and inventory management, and supply chain management. For each topic, it highlights key managerial issues in real-life examples and explains which quantitative models are available for addressing them. By treating a broad range of issues in a unified way, the book offers the reader a comprehensive view on the field of reverse logistics.
Author: Mark E. Ferguson Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420095269 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
Closed-loop supply chain activities such as remanufacturing, recycling, dismantling for spare parts, and reverse logistics have helped many companies tap into new revenue streams by finding secondary markets for their products, all while reducing their overall carbon footprint. Written by academic experts, in language that is accessible to practitioners, this authoritative resource examines recent research and case studies of companies running profitable reuse/remanufacture operations in various industries. It illustrates profitable practices in returned and recovered products, clearly explaining how to: design a reverse logistics network, conduct production planning, implement effective marketing strategies, and apply closed-loop supply chain strategies in industries besides manufacturing. From product development to materials to assembly and profitability, this complete resource explores the impact of these processes across all aspects of the supply chain.
Author: Stephen M. Disney Publisher: Now Publishers Inc ISBN: 1601981325 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 95
Book Description
In this review we focus on supply coordination and use the bullwhip effect as the key example of supply chain inefficiency. We emphasize the managerial relevance of the bullwhip effect and the methodological issues so that both managers and researchers can benefit.
Author: Aswin Dhamodharan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Supply Chain Network design is an important strategic decision that helps Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to position their supply chains for profitable reverse supply chains. We observe that between the competitors of technology products, companies such as HP and Xerox (printers) and Apple and Google (smartphones), one competitor (HP and Apple) manages the reverse supply chain to extract value in a profitable manner, while the other competitor (Xerox and Google) uses a third-party reverse logistics company to simply recycle consumer returns. In the literature, supply chain levers, such as consumer Willingness to Pay (WTP) for remanufactured products, managing the collection process of consumer returns, the quality of the consumer returns and the design of reverse logistics have been identified as key factors influencing OEM participation in reverse supply chain. In this thesis, we show that, under the same supply chain levers mentioned above, the OEMs approach to supply chain network design can significantly impact the profitability in the reverse supply chain over the product lifecycle. To address the supply chain network design problem for an OEM, we propose an integrated multi-period optimization model called Product Life Cycle Optimization Model (PLCOM), to design the Closed Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) for the OEMs. The PLCOM is a Mixed Integer Linear Program that consists of a Demand model and a Pricing model. The Pricing model determines the optimal production quantity and the selling price computed over the product life cycle, based on a realistic customer Willingness to Pay (WTP) for new and remanufactured products. The Demand model computes the demand for new and remanufactured products based on the Extended-Basss diffusion model. The PLCOM also computes the cannibalization of new product sales due to the introduction of remanufactured product and the availability of product returns for remanufacturing, constrained by the collection of the returns. The Demand and Pricing models are then integrated into a Mixed Integer Program (MIP) model to design the CLSC network.The PLCOM is applied to a realistic case study using Apples iPhone 7 for a product life cycle of 8 years. The final MIP model has 30 binary variables, 48066 continuous variables and 3972 constraints and was solved using CPlex in 0.1619 seconds. We show that an integrated approach to design the supply chain network by the OEMs is more profitable compared to a sequential approach, where the OEM initially designs the optimal forward supply chain network and implements it. Later, when the OEM decides to participate in the remanufactured market, the OEM revisits the network design to obtain the optimal CLSC for the reverse supply chain. Using sensitivity analysis, we also show that slow diffusing products are more profitable for remanufacturing and fast diffusing products require flexibility in capacity planning, in order to avoid the fixed cost of opening additional facilities. In the case of fast diffusing products, we also observe a delayed surge in demand for remanufactured products caused by a delayed cannibalization effect on new product demand. Finally, a sensitivity analysis on the quality of the consumer returns gives an upper bound on the investment that can be made by the OEM in incentivizing the consumers to improve the quality of the returns.In the technology industry, frequent new product releases entail OEMs to concurrently manage successive generations of products. For example, Apple currently sells multigeneration iPhones, such as iPhone 6S, iPhone 7, iPhone 8 and iPhone X. Hence, we extend the integrated model to a two-generation product setting. We model the demand for the second-generation product as a substitution for the first-generation product. We identify the \textit{logit} function as the substitution function to compute demand for the second-generation product and validate total sales using the iPhone4 and iPhone 4S sales data. The extended PLCOM is again used in a realistic case study based on the consumer WTP for iPhone 7 and iPhone 8 as the successive generations of products. The extended PLCOM has 30 binary variables, 77474 continuous variables and 6470 constraints and the optimization problem was solved using CPlex and the solver took 46 seconds to solve the problem. Finally, we conduct a sensitivity analysis to determine the most profitable time to introduce the second-generation product, characterize the slow and the fast diffusing products in the two-generation product setting and analyze the impact of the quality of consumer returns on the profit.
Author: Andreas Klose Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642561837 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 418
Book Description
Increasing customer needs, the globalization of markets and the evolution of e-commerce add to the complexity of logistic processes. In today's business, it is well understood that an effective management of logistic processes is impossible without the use of computer-based tools and quantitative methods. This book presents in a systematic way quantitative approaches to distribution logistics and supply chain management. The main orientation of the book is towards practical problem solving, and numerous case studies and practical applications are presented. The topics covered include: supply chain management, revers logistics, e-commerce, facility location and network planning, vehicle routing, warehousing, inventory control.
Author: Subramanian Pazhani Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000359956 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 71
Book Description
Closed Loop Supply Chains and its management have become mandatory for firms to stay competitive and profitable. This book provides insights for designing supply chain networks by understanding and incorporating key return parameters into the network design, which will affect profitability. The book discusses how customer categories and their acceptance behavior is incorporated into the network design. It will also show how to analyze the interaction of parameters on supply chain network design and profitability, offers modeling framework for incorporating uncertainties in the return product parameters, and how to design a robust network. Invaluable for managers in designing a sustainable, robust, and profitable supply chain network and ideal for managers, practitioners, and researchers in the area of supply chain network design and optimization.
Author: Simme D.P. Flapper Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540272518 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
Closed-Loop Supply Chains (CLSC) offer companies a unique opportunity to improve their profits whilst serving societal responsibility. The management of CLSC differs in a number of ways from managing supply chains in general. The book examines these differences and how these differences may be dealt with in practice, by offering a concrete framework, introducing the different aspects related to CLSC and their mutual relations, in a systematic logical way as well as cases clustered according to the inputs for a CLSC. The framework and especially the cases from successful companies offer the reader an invaluable help to build and improve CLSC.
Author: Baris Yalabik
Author: Baris Yalabik
Author: Baris Yalabik
Author: Rommert Dekker
Author: V. Daniel R. Guide
Author: Mark E. Ferguson
Author: Stephen M. Disney
Author: Aswin Dhamodharan
Author: Andreas Klose
Author: Subramanian Pazhani
Author: Simme D.P. Flapper