The History and Heritage of Scientific and Technological Information Systems PDF Download

Author: W. Boyd Rayward
Publisher: Information Today, Inc.
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 444

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Book Description
Emphasis for the second conference on the history of information science systems was on scientific and technical information systems in the period from the Second World War up through the early 1990s. These proceedings present the papers of historians of science and technology, information scientists, and scientists in other fields on a wide range of topics: informatics in chemistry; biology and medicine; information developments in multinational, industrial, and military settings; biographical studies of pioneering individuals; and the transformation of information systems and formats in the twentieth century.

Author: Mary Ellen Bowden
Publisher: Information Today
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 312

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Book Description
The conference on the History and Heritage of Science Information Systems was held October 23-25, 1998, in Pittsburgh, pa., prior to the ASIS annual meeting. The conference papers explored the history and heritage of the nature, development, and influence of all types of science information systems world-wide. It was co-sponsored by ASIS, the ASIS SIG History and Foundations of Information Science (IG/HFIS), and the Chemical Heritage Foundation, This was the first conference to explore this topic, and this volume will be of great interest to both historians and current practitioners.

Author: Alistair Black
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317034996
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 303

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Book Description
Whether termed the 'network society', the 'knowledge society' or the 'information society', it is widely accepted that a new age has dawned, unveiled by powerful computer and communication technologies. Yet for millennia humans have been recording knowledge and culture, engaging in the dissemination and preservation of information. In `The Early Information Society', the authors argue for an earlier incarnation of the information age, focusing upon the period 1900-1960. In support of this they examine the history and traditions in Britain of two separate but related information-rich occupations - information management and information science - repositioning their origins before the age of the computer and identifying the forces driving their early development. `The Early Information Society' offers an historical account which questions the novelty of the current information society. It will be essential reading for students, researchers and practitioners in the library and information science field, and for sociologists and historians interested in the information society.

Author: Blaise Cronin
Publisher: Information Today, Inc.
ISBN: 9781573872768
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 824

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Book Description
ARIST, published annually since 1966, is a landmark publication within the information science community. It surveys the landscape of information science and technology, providing an analytical, authoritative, and accessible overview of recent trends and significant developments. The range of topics varies considerably, reflecting the dynamism of the discipline and the diversity of theoretical and applied perspectives. While ARIST continues to cover key topics associated with classical information science (e.g., bibliometrics, information retrieval), editor Blaise Cronin is selectively expanding its footprint in an effort to connect information science more tightly with cognate academic and professional communities.

Author: Jeffrey R. Yost
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313077460
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 273

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Book Description
An essential contribution to the study of the history of computers, this work identifies the computer's impact on the physical, biological, cognitive, and medical sciences. References fundamental to the understudied area of the history of scientific computing also document the significant role of the sciences in helping to shape the development of computer technology. More broadly, the many resources on scientific computing help demonstrate how the computer was the most significant scientific instrument of the 20th century. The only guide of its kind covering the use and impact of computers on the the physical, biological, medical, and cognitive sciences, it contains more than 1,000 annotated citations to carefully selected secondary and primary resources. Historians of technology and science will find this a very useful resource. Computer scientists, physicians, biologists, chemists, and geologists will also benefit from this extensive bibliography on the history of computer applications and the sciences.

Author: John Mackenzie Owen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402053401
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 274

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Book Description
This book outlines the consequences of digitization for peer-reviewed research articles published in electronic journals. It is argued that digitization will revolutionize scientific communication. However, this study shows that this is not the case where scientific journals are concerned. Authors make little use of the possibilities offered by the digital medium; electronic peer review procedures have not replaced traditional ones, and users have not embraced new forms of interaction offered by some electronic journals.

Author: Matthew Connelly
Publisher: Vintage
ISBN: 1101973676
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 561

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Book Description
SHORTLISTED FOR THE CUNDILL HISTORY PRIZE • Every day, thousands of new secrets are created by the United States government. What is all this secrecy really for? And whom does it benefit? “A brilliant, deeply unsettling look at the history and inner workings of ‘the dark state'.... At a time when federal agencies are increasingly classifying or destroying documents with historical significance, this book could not be more important.” —Eric Schlosser, New York Times best-selling author of Command and Control Before World War II, transparent government was a proud tradition in the United States. In all but the most serious of circumstances, classification, covert operations, and spying were considered deeply un-American. But after the war, the power to decide what could be kept secret proved too tempting to give up. Since then, we have radically departed from that open tradition, allowing intelligence agencies, black sites, and classified laboratories to grow unchecked. Officials insist that only secrecy can keep us safe, but its true costs have gone unacknowledged for too long. Using the latest techniques in data science, historian Matthew Connelly analyzes a vast trove of state secrets to unearth not only what the government really did not want us to know but also why they didn’t want us to know it. Culling this research and carefully examining a series of pivotal moments in recent history, from Pearl Harbor to drone warfare, Connelly sheds light on the drivers of state secrecy— especially incompetence and criminality—and how rampant overclassification makes it impossible to protect truly vital information. What results is an astonishing study of power: of the greed it enables, of the negligence it protects, and of what we lose as citizens when our leaders cannot be held to account. A crucial examination of the self-defeating nature of secrecy and the dire state of our nation’s archives, The Declassification Engine is a powerful reminder of the importance of preserving the past so that we may secure our future.

Author: Marjorie J. Porter
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1598847384
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Book Description
In this book, experts in the field describe best practices based on their experiences in corporate libraries worldwide. With information driving today's global economy, corporate librarians must become even more proactive in their daily assignments. Best Practices for Corporate Libraries will help them do just that through a series of papers that offer an international array of opinion and practice methods. This book showcases current practices in corporate library functions and suggests best practices for current librarians. It also examines some of the changes in librarianship that have arisen from changes in how information is provided and how corporations are now organized. Topics covered include library service functions, return on investment, measurements and evaluation, collaboration, communication and outreach in corporations, managing changes in the corporation and in the library, and legal issues such as intellectual property concerns. Drawing from the experience of 25 contributors, the book includes chapters covering corporate libraries in the United States, United Kingdom, India, Barbados, and Nigeria.

Author: Alex Wellerstein
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226833445
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 558

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Book Description
The first full history of US nuclear secrecy, from its origins in the late 1930s to our post–Cold War present. The American atomic bomb was born in secrecy. From the moment scientists first conceived of its possibility to the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and beyond, there were efforts to control the spread of nuclear information and the newly discovered scientific facts that made such powerful weapons possible. The totalizing scientific secrecy that the atomic bomb appeared to demand was new, unusual, and very nearly unprecedented. It was foreign to American science and American democracy—and potentially incompatible with both. From the beginning, this secrecy was controversial, and it was always contested. The atomic bomb was not merely the application of science to war, but the result of decades of investment in scientific education, infrastructure, and global collaboration. If secrecy became the norm, how would science survive? Drawing on troves of declassified files, including records released by the government for the first time through the author’s efforts, Restricted Data traces the complex evolution of the US nuclear secrecy regime from the first whisper of the atomic bomb through the mounting tensions of the Cold War and into the early twenty-first century. A compelling history of powerful ideas at war, it tells a story that feels distinctly American: rich, sprawling, and built on the conflict between high-minded idealism and ugly, fearful power.

Author: Christine Hine
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1591407176
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 309

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Book Description
"This book is offers an overview of the practices and the technologies that are shaping the knowledge production of the future"--Provided by publisher.