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Author: Lloyd S. Dixon Publisher: RAND Corporation ISBN: 9780833014702 Category : Liability for hazardous substances pollution damages Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This report will be of interest to those evaluating Superfund's liability-based approach to cleaning up the thousands of abandoned or inactive sites across the U.S. that are contaminated with hazardous substances.
Author: Lloyd S. Dixon Publisher: RAND Corporation ISBN: 9780833014702 Category : Liability for hazardous substances pollution damages Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This report will be of interest to those evaluating Superfund's liability-based approach to cleaning up the thousands of abandoned or inactive sites across the U.S. that are contaminated with hazardous substances.
Author: Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 9780788105562 Category : Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
Analyzes the future costs to the public and private sectors that can be expected under Superfund's current policies. Includes glossary of Superfund terms. Charts and tables.
Author: Katherine N. Probst Publisher: Brookings Institution Press ISBN: 9780815715689 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 194
Book Description
One of the difficulties associated with Superfund—the federal government's program for cleaning up toxic waste sites in the United States—is the poor understanding we have about who is actually bearing its costs. While it is known that the tax on chemical and petroleum feedstocks raises about $570 million annually for the Superfund Trust Fund and the corporate environmental tax raises another $460 millino each year, further reliable data are only now becoming available. Researchers are beginning to understand how much potentially responsible parties and their insurers are spending on both transaction costs and on-site cleanups. Unfortunately, this is only the first part of the puzzle. Ultimately, these costs are borne by individuals--as consumers of the products or services provided or as share- or bond-holders, employees, or managers of the company. To date, no one has attempted to estimate the distribution of initial costs under the Superfund liability system or examined carefully the indirect effects of the costs of the Superfund program on other industries. In this book, the authors develop information on who pays the costs and who bears the burden under the current liability scheme in Superfund on a site-by-site basis. They look at short-term financial implications of changes in liability and taxes on key sectors affected by Superfund: chemicals, oil, mining, wood preserving, and commercial property-casualty insurers. They analyze the incidence of different taxing mechanisms and compare and contrast the financial effects on specific industries of the current Superfund program and of several alternative lability and tax-based funding mechanisms available. The alternative liability approaches examined include a scenario in which liability is eliminated for all sites created before Superfund was enacted, as well as a scenario in which parties are released from liability at sites where municipal and industrial wastes were codisposed. Because any change in liability will require a corollary change in trust fund revenues, the authors also assess the economic implications of a variety of taxes that could be used to finance the creation of a larger trust fund for site cleanups. These include an increase in the corporate environmental tax and the implemenation of new taxes, such as an excise tax on commercial insurance. Don Fullerton is a professor of economics and public policy at Carnegie Mellon, H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management. Robert E. Litan, is a senior fellow at Brookings, and formerly was deputy assistant attorney general in the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. Paul R. Portney is vice president and senior fellow at resources for the Future. Katherine N. Probst is a fellow in the Center for Risk Management at Resources for the Future.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Superfund, Waste Control, and Risk Assessment Publisher: ISBN: Category : Environmental law Languages : en Pages : 910
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Superfund, Recycling, and Solid Waste Management Publisher: ISBN: Category : Government publications Languages : en Pages : 932
Author: Richard L. Revesz Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 131735480X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Originally published in 1995, Analyzing Superfund outlines the key issues of the superfund reauthorization debate in the United States. The Superfund law faced criticism for being wasteful, inefficient and expensive. These papers sought to shed light on this argument in relation to clean-up standards, the liability regime, transaction costs and natural resource damage. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies and professionals
Author: Thomas W. Church Publisher: Brookings Institution Press ISBN: 9780815723066 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
The federal Superfund program for cleaning up America's inactive toxic waste sites is noteworthy not only for its enormous cost - $15.2 billion has been authorized thus far - but also for its unique design. The legislation that created Superfund provided the Environmental Protection Agency with a diverse set of policy tools. Preeminent among them is a civil liability scheme that imposes responsibility for multimillion dollar cleanups on businesses and government units linked - even tangentially - to hazardous waste sites. Armed with this potent policy implement, the agency can order the parties who are legally responsible for the toxic substances at a site to clean it up, with large fines and damages for failure to comply. EPA can also offer conciliatory measures to bring about voluntary, privately financed cleanup; or it can launch a cleanup initially paid for by Superfund and later force the responsible parties to reimburse the government. In this book, Thomas W. Church and Robert T. Nakamura provide the first in-depth study of Superfund operations at hazardous waste sites. They examine six Superfund cleanups, including three regions and both 'hard' and 'easy' sites, to ask 'what works?' Based on detailed case studies, the book describes various strategies that have been applied by government regulators and lawyers and the responses to those different strategies by businesses and local government officials. The authors characterize the implementation strategies used by the EPA as prosecution, accommodation, and public works. They point out that the choice of strategy involves setting priorities among Superfund's competing objectives. They conclude that the best implementation strategy is one that considers the context of each site and the particular priorities in each case. Looking toward the reauthorization of Superfund, they also offer recommendations for improvements in the organization of the program and discuss proposals for change in its
Author: Jan Paul Acton Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
Lloyd Dixon, a RAND economist, recently testified before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Public Works and Transportation regarding transaction costs involved in the cleanup of hazardous waste sites. Transaction costs are those that do not contribute directly to the understanding or cleanup of a site. Insurer transaction costs, he stated, were high: 88% of the total expenditures. They were split between coverage disputes and defense of policyholders. For large firms who were potentially responsible parties (PRPs), transaction costs, primarily for legal counsel, averaged 21% of total outlays, but decreased proportionally as cleanup progressed. These costs varied across sites, averaging 7% of the total where only a single PRP was involved and 39% were multiple PRPs were. Dixon concluded his testimony by suggesting that these facts may not tell much about the future, since insurance coverage issues are still unresolved, PRPs involved in cleanup may yet sue non-participating PRPs, and insurers may pursue their reinsurers as their own losses mount.
Author: Lloyd S. Dixon
Author: Lloyd S. Dixon
Author: 
Author: Perry Beider
Author: Katherine N. Probst
Author: Lloyd S. Dixon
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Superfund, Waste Control, and Risk Assessment
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Superfund, Recycling, and Solid Waste Management
Author: Richard L. Revesz
Author: Thomas W. Church
Author: Jan Paul Acton