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Author: Egon Žižmond Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
In September 1994, the aggregate level of retail prices in Slovenia was much higher than in the Czech Republic. The aggregate price parity was 10.40 SIT/CZK, the price parity of goods 8.59 SIT/CZK and the price parity of services 17.85 SIT/CZK. The aggregate level of prices was 131 % higher (calculated on the basis of the market exchange rate 4.50 SIT/CZK) than in the Czech Republic (the price level og goods 91 % higher, the price level of services 297 % higher than in the Czech Republic). On the other hand, the purchasing power of the Slovenian average net wage in Slovenia was slightly lower than the purchasing power of the Czech average net wage in the Czech Republik. Indeed, the average monthly net wage in Slovenia was 126.2 % higher than in the Czech Republic (in absolute terms, recalculated on the basis of the market exchange rate). But due to higher price level in Slovenia, the employed Slovene with his average net wage could buy in Slovenia 2.1 % less goods than his Czech colleague with the Czech average net wage at home (i. e. in the Czech Republic).
Author: Egon Žižmond Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 17
Book Description
The purpose of investigation was to establish retail price levels in Slovenia after its monetary independence in comparison with corresponding Austrian prices and to estimate the purchasing power of Slovene wages in comparison with the Austrian ones. In 1990, the aggregate level of retail prices in Slovenia was 6.9% lower than in Austria. Since 1990, the aggregate level of retail prices in Slovenia decreased. In 1993 it was 25.8% lower than in Austria. This was the result of faster depreciation of national currency in comparison with the relative price growth. Also the relative purchasing power of the Slovenian average net wage was much lower than the purchasing power of the average net wage in Austria. After 1990 it was constantly diminishing and it 1992 reached only 31.7% of the Austrian one. Because of the faster growth of Slovenian relative wages in comparison with the relative growth of retail prices, it increased in 1993 to 35.9%. In order to maintain the achieved competitiveness, the principal objective for macroeconomic management in 1994 remain controlling inflation. Currently, inflation is still running at 1-2% per month and the danger of sudden rises in inflation and instability is still there. Macroeconomic stabilisation in Slovenia was implemented only through restrictive monetary policy and the floating exchange rate. After the monetary independence real money decreased and had the greatest influence on lowering the inflation rate. To tackle inflation, especially fiscal and wage policies will have to become tight over a sustained period.
Author: Egon Žižmond Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
In September 1994, the aggregate level of retail prices in Slovenia was much higher than in the Czech Republic. The aggregate price parity was 10.40 SIT/CZK, the price parity of goods 8.59 SIT/CZK and the price parity of services 17.85 SIT/CZK. The aggregate level of prices was 131 % higher (calculated on the basis of the market exchange rate 4.50 SIT/CZK) than in the Czech Republic (the price level og goods 91 % higher, the price level of services 297 % higher than in the Czech Republic). On the other hand, the purchasing power of the Slovenian average net wage in Slovenia was slightly lower than the purchasing power of the Czech average net wage in the Czech Republik. Indeed, the average monthly net wage in Slovenia was 126.2 % higher than in the Czech Republic (in absolute terms, recalculated on the basis of the market exchange rate). But due to higher price level in Slovenia, the employed Slovene with his average net wage could buy in Slovenia 2.1 % less goods than his Czech colleague with the Czech average net wage at home (i. e. in the Czech Republic).
Author: Egon Žižmond Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 19
Book Description
The purpose of the research work was international comparison of retail prices and wages. The research work had three main goals. The first goal of the research work was to calculate the national price level in Slovenia in comparison with FR Yugoslavia. The national price level usually depends upon the level of development. Slovenia is more developed than FR Yugoslavia (in 1995, GDP per capita amounted in Slovenia to 9352 US$, while in FR Yugoslavia only to 1510 US$), therefore its national price level is higher than in FR Yugoslavia. In 1996, the national price level in Slovenia was by 73% higher than in FR Yugoslavia. The second goal of the research work was to establish retail price levels of commodity groups. The most evident difference appeared between two main commodity groups: products and service. It was found out that in October 1996, the price level of products was by 39% higher in Slovenia than in FR Yugoslavia. Tradeables have therefore relatively small influence upon the national price level in FR Yugoslavia mainly because the relatively close market, relatively small GDP per capita and consequently small purchasing power. On the other hand in October 1996, prices of services were even by 148% higher in Slovenia than in FR Yugoslavia. Prices of services (nontradeables) depend upon the wage level both because of the purchasing power (an important part of services is traded with the local population). This is why the level of prices of services was lower in FR Yugoslavia than in Slovenia. The third goal of the research work was to estimate the relative purchasing power of the Slovenian average net wage (e.i.the relation between the internal purchasing powers of wages in Slovenia and in FR Yugoslavia). It was found out that in 1996, the internal purchasing power of the Slovenian average net wage in Slovenia was by around 180% higher than the national purchasing power of the Yugoslav average net wage in FR Yugoslavia.
Author: Egon Žižmond Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
The aggregate level of retail prices in Slovenia after its independence was lower than in Italy. For the average of the sample in 1990, the aggregate price parity was 0.7717 din/100 ITL and the aggregate level of prices was 18 % lower (calculated on the basis of the official exchange rate 0.9441 din/100 ITL than in Italy. From 1990 to 1992, relative retail prices in Slovenia increased by 487 %. This means that the aggregate price parity of the sample in 1992 increased to 4.5318 SIT/100 ITL. According to this calculation, the level of Slovenian prices in 1992 was 31 % lower (the exchange rate of the Bank of Slovenia 6.5964 SIT/100 ITL) than in Italy. Quite different were movements of the exchange rate and relative prices after 1992. While tha exchange rate of the Italian lira from 1992 to 1994 increased by 21 %, relative retail prices in Slovenia increased by 46 %. This means that the aggregate price level in Slovenia in 1994 increased: the level of Slovenia prices in 1994 was only 17 % lower than in Italy. Also the purchasing power of the Slovenenian average net wage in Slovenia was much lower than the purchasing power of the Italian net wage in Italy. After 1990 it was diminishing and in 1992 reached the lowest level. Because of the faster growthof Slovenian relative wages in comaprison with the relative growth of retail prices, it increased in 1994 to 38,1 % of the Italian one.
Author: Egon Žižmond Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 19
Book Description
The purpose of the research work was international comparison of retail prices and wages. The research work had three main goals. The first goal of the research work was to calculate the national price level in Slovenia in comparison with Poland. The national price level usually depends upon the level of development. Slovenia is more developed than Poland (in 1994, GDP per capita amounted in Slovenia to 7200 US$, while in Poland only to 2410 US$), therefore its national price level is higher than in Poland. In 1996, the national price level in Slovenia was by 70% higher than in Poland. The second goal of the research work was to establish retail price levels of commodity groups. The most evident difference appeared between two main commodity groups: products and services. As the economy of Poland is quite open for some years, one could expect that prices of tradeables (products) in Poland are equalized to those elsewhere in Europe (except in cases when differences in tax burdens are present). Contrary to this expectation it was found out that in October 1996, the price level of products was by 57% higher in Slovenia than in Poland. Tradeables have therefore relatively small influence upon the national price level in Poland mainly because of relatively small GDP per capita and consequently small purchasing power. On the other hand in October 1996, prices of services were even by 136% higher in Slovenia than in Poland. Prices of services (nontradeables) depend upon the wage level both because of costs (wages represent the most important part of prices of almost all services) and because of the purchasing power (an important part of services is traded with the local population). This is why the level of prices of services was lower in Poland than in Slovenia. The third goal of the reserach work was to estimate the relative purchasing power of the Slovenian average net wage (e.i. the relation between the internal purchasing powers of wages in Slovenia and in Pland). It was found out that the internal purchasing power of the Slovenian average net wage in Slovenia was much higher than the internal purchasing power of the Polish average net wage in Poland. After 1993 when it was by 24,7% higher the relative purchasing power of the Slovenian average net wage was rising as the increase of Slovenian relative wages exceeded the increase of Slovenian relative retail prices. In 1996, the employed Slovene with his average net wage could namely buy in Slovenia already 31,6% more goods than the employed Polack with his average net wage in Poland.
Author: Egon Žižmond Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
The aggregate level of retail prices in Slovenia after its independence was much lower than in Austria. For the average of the sample in 1990, the aggregate price parity was 0.9031 din/ATS and the aggregate level of prices was about 9 % lower (calculated on the basis of the official exchange rate 0.9948 din/ATS) than in Austria. From 1990 to 1994, retail prices in Slovenia increased by 939.6 % and in Austria by 14,7 %. This means tha the aggregate price parity of the sample in 1994 increased to 8.1917 SIT/ATS. According to this calculation, the level of Slovenian prices in 1994 was about 27 % lower (the exchange rate of the Bank of Slovenia 11.2826 SIT/ATS) than in Austria. Also purchasing power of the Slovenian average net wage in Slovenia was much lower than the purchasing power of the Austrian average net wage in Austria. After 1990 it was diminishing and in 1992 reched only 31 % of the Austrian one. Because of the faster growth of Slovenian relative wages in compariosn with the relative growth of retail prices, it increased in 1993 to 35 & and in September 1994 to 37 % of the Austrian one.
Author: Egon Žižmond Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
The aggregate level of retail prices in Slovenia is much lower than in Austria. For the average of the sample in February 1992, it was 25% lower (calculated on basis of the official exchange rate) and 35% (resp.) lower (calculated on the basis of the market exchange rate). Also the purchasing power of the Slovene average net wage is much lower than the purchasing power of the average net wage in Austria. After 1987 it was constantly diminishing and in February 1992 reached only a good fifth of the Austrian one (21,2%). Disparities in retail prices in Slovenia have several reasons. The basic reasons are disparities in producer prices (which are due to the undervalued primary factors of production and to insufficient activation of factors of production of higher ranks), the system of turnover taxation and administrative price regulation.
Author: Egon Žižmond
Author: Egon Žižmond
Author: Egon Žižmond
Author: Egon Žižmond
Author: Egon Žižmond
Author: Egon Žižmond
Author: Egon Žižmond
Author: Egon Žižmond
Author: Egon Žižmond
Author: Egon Žižmond
Author: Egon Žižmond