Prevention and Control of Human T Lymphotropic Viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) PDF Download

Author: Ricardo Ishak
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832500412
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 323

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Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240020225
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 78

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Book Description
Human T‐cell lymphotropic virus‐1 (HTLV‐1), is a retrovirus which causes lifelong infection in humans. Infection is sometimes asymptomatic, but chronic infection causes a spectrum of various clinical syndromes, the severe ones being an aggressive malignancy known as adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) and a progressive neurological condition known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. This Technical report on HTLV-1 captures the epidemiological status and management approaches for HTLV-1 virus infection and the diseases it causes. It presents best practice approaches and research evidence on how countries have addressed HTLV-1 so far. Prior to this report the WHO undertook consultations with member states and partners. Few public health measures have been implemented on a global scale to prevent infection with HTLV-1 or its consequences, or to manage ATL and HAM/TSP. Current evidence from countries suggests that more concerted global public health actions in containing this infectious disease can be implemented via integrated approach in the existing country programmes of STIs and HIV prevention and control. These include ongoing monitoring and surveillance of the virus. Blood testing at transfusion clinics, cessation of breast feeding, and partner testing and condom promotion are useful prevention strategies. Testing and treatment methods need new innovations with better technology to improve performance and efficacy. This report is a tool towards improving HTLV-1 prevention and control and reducing morbidity and mortality due to the virus.

Author: John E. Craighead
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080538487
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 466

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Book Description
Pathology and Pathogenesis of Human Viral Disease is a comprehensive reference that examines virus-induced clinical disease of humans in the context of the responsible virus and its epidemiology. Encompassing everything from cold and flu viruses to sexually transmitted diseases, this important resource describes the cellular and tissue pathological changes attributable to infection in the context of the pathogenic mechanisms involved. The author provides a comprehensive review of the older and contemporary literature, considering both the common and much rarer complications of infection. Pathology and Pathogenesis of Human Viral Disease is written from the unique perspective of the clinical pathologist. It will help clinicians and pathologists gain a better understanding of changes that occur in viral infected cells, tissues, and organs. It will also serve as a pathology source book for virologists, internists, and pediatricians. Provides a comprehensive, worldwide perspective of viral disease pathology Bridges the fields of pathology and virology; integrating clinical disease with cell and tissue pathology Addresses topics from the perspective of the clinical pathologist Illustrates unique, viral induced pathological lesions Considers common and uncommon complications of infection

Author: Bryan Cullen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780199633821
Category : Gene Expression Regulation.
Languages : en
Pages : 220

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The first book to specifically cover the molecular biology of retroviruses - of immense importance since the high profile of HIV. International contributors provide detailed reviews of the latest knowledge. An excellent text for both medical and non-medical researchers, it also serves as an illuminating introduction for scientists active in other areas.

Author: Moulay Mustapha Ennaji
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128149671
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388

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Book Description
Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens: Applied Virology Approaches Related to Human, Animal and Environmental Pathogens, Volume Two presents new research information on viruses and their impact on the scientific community. It provides a reference book on certain viruses in humans, animals and vegetal, along with a comprehensive discussion on interspecies interactions. The book then looks at the drug, vaccine and bioinformatical strategies that can be used against these viruses, giving the reader a clear understanding of transmission. The book's end goal is to create awareness that the appearance of newly transmissible pathogens is a global risk that requires shared/adoptable policies for prevention and control. Covers most emerging viral disease in humans, animals and plants Provides the most advanced tools and techniques in molecular virology and the modeling of viruses Creates awareness that the appearance of new transmissible pathogens is a global risk Highlights the need to adopt shared policies for the prevention and control of infectious diseases

Author: Randy Q. Cron
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303022094X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 607

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Book Description
Cytokine Storm Syndromes, including HLH and MAS, are frequently fatal disorders, particularly if not recognized early and treated during presentation. The genetics of Cytokine Storm Syndromes are being defined with many of the risk alleles giving rise to mutations in the perforin-mediated cytolytic pathway used by CD8 cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. These are being studied using murine models. Up to 10% of the general population may carry risk alleles for developing Cytokine Storm Syndromes, and Cytokine Storm Syndromes are being increasingly recognized around the world in pediatric and adult hospitals. A variety of infectious, rheumatic, and oncologic triggers are commonly associated with Cytokine Storm Syndromes, but understanding this disorder is critical for all researchers and physicians to ensure timely and appropriate therapy. This textbook, the first of its kind, addresses all aspects of the disorder – from genetics, pathophysiology, and ongoing research, to clinical presentations, risk factors, and treatment.

Author: George Peter Canellos
Publisher: Saunders
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 794

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Edited and written by world authorities, this text encompasses all aspects of Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and related disorders. Designed to be the "Bible" for both clinicians and scientists who deal with lymphoma, the book is packed with useful summary tables and abundant illustrations and translates cutting-edge discoveries into state-of-the-art management guidelines. The preeminent names in research and practice bring together today's entire spectrum of knowledge--from epidemiology, classification and prognosis through diagnosis and therapy, including the latest scientific advances, such as the impact of molecular biologic and genetic discoveries and new biologic markers. Covers molecular biology bone marrow transplantationlymphoma in AIDS and Hodgkins disease. Provides in-depth coverage of the underlying biology of the disease as well as etiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment. Discusses advances in the treatment of diseases including radiotherapy, radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies, treatment of cutaneous lymphoma, and metastatic disease. Contains precise clinical how-tos for managing bone marrow transplantation and diseases that resemble lymphomas. . Includes the recently codified new WHO classification of all lymphoid entities. . Offers new and updated information on the biology and recategorization (morphologic, clinical, genotypic/immunophenotypic) of distinct lymphoma entities.

Author: Christopher J. Burrell
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123751578
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 604

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Book Description
Fenner and White's Medical Virology, Fifth Edition provides an integrated view of related sciences, from cell biology, to medical epidemiology and human social behavior. The perspective represented by this book, that of medical virology as an infectious disease science, is meant to provide a starting point, an anchor, for those who must relate the subject to clinical practice, public health practice, scholarly research, and other endeavors. The book presents detailed exposition on the properties of viruses, how viruses replicate, and how viruses cause disease. These chapters are then followed by an overview of the principles of diagnosis, epidemiology, and how virus infections can be controlled. The first section concludes with a discussion on emergence and attempts to predict the next major public health challenges. These form a guide for delving into the specific diseases of interest to the reader as described in Part II. This lucid and concise, yet comprehensive, text is admirably suited to the needs of not only advanced students of science and medicine, but also postgraduate students, teachers, and research workers in all areas of virology. Features updated and expanded coverage of pathogenesis and immunity Contains the latest laboratory diagnostic methods Provides insights into clinical features of human viral disease, vaccines, chemotherapy, epidemiology, and control

Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 452

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Book Description
Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by infections with human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and human T-cell lymphotropic viruses types I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II). Although emphasis is placed on carcinogenicity assessment, the monographs also provide richly detailed descriptions of the viruses' genetic and structural features, methods of detection, routes of transmission, geographical distribution of infection, clinical manifestations of non-neoplastic disorders, and currently available methods of treatment and prevention. For HIV infection, the evaluation of studies of cancer in humans considers abundant evidence, from case reports and epidemiological studies, pointing to greatly increased incidences of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in persons infected with HIV-1. Data suggesting an association between HIV infection and cervical, anal, and several other cancers are also carefully assessed. Other data considered include findings from animal studies and investigations of the mechanisms by which immune dysfunction may contribute to the genesis of cancer. On the basis of this evaluation, the monograph concludes that infection with HIV-1 is carcinogenic to humans. Infection with HIV-2 was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The second monograph provides a similarly detailed evaluation of human T-cell lymphotropic viruses, which are the only known human oncornavirinae. Concerning studies of cancer in humans, particular attention is given to evidence of an association between HTLV-I and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, which occurs almost exclusively in areas where this infection is endemic. In addition, several case-control studies have found an association between HTLV-I seroprevalence and tumors of the vagina, cervix and liver, but confounding effects and bias could not be excluded. The evaluation also considered findings from animal carcinogenicity studies and from investigations of the molecular mechanisms of leukemogenesis. On the basis of this evaluation, the monograph concludes that HTLV-I is carcinogenic to humans. HTLV-II could not be classified as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

Author: National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781864965223
Category : Aboriginal Australians
Languages : en
Pages : 33

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These guidelines provide recommendations that outline the critical aspects of infection prevention and control. The recommendations were developed using the best available evidence and consensus methods by the Infection Control Steering Committee. They have been prioritised as key areas to prevent and control infection in a healthcare facility. It is recognised that the level of risk may differ according to the different types of facility and therefore some recommendations should be justified by risk assessment. When implementing these recommendations all healthcare facilities need to consider the risk of transmission of infection and implement according to their specific setting and circumstances.