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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 43
Book Description
The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is an automated motor response to an unexpected and intense auditory stimulus (Ouagazzal, Reiss, & Romand, 2006). When an audible 'prepulse' stimulus is presented before the intense, startle-evoking stimulus (SES); the startle reflex response is reduced and this is known as prepulse inhibition (PPI). The degree of ASR inhibition serves as a measure of the behavioral salience of the prepulse (Carlson & Willott, 1996). This study aimed to obtain a psychometric function from the amount of PPI of the ASR that resulted from varying intensity levels of a prepulse stimulus (PPS). Twelve mice were used for this study and each was tested twice. Six of the mice were of the C57BL/6J background (a common strain often used as a control) and six were wild-type offspring of mice that had a mutation of the ephrin (EphA4) gene (labeled as EphA4+/+wt and were expected to be normal aside from possible early rearing effects from their mutant parents. An accelerometer measured amount of movement associated with the SES with and without the PPS. The PPS randomly varied between 13 different intensities in the range of 25 dB SPL to 75 dB SPL. In addition, there were two control trials of the SES with a PPS of 0 dB SPL and one random trial with no sound at all. Therefore, there were a total of 16 trials which were presented randomly in each of 11 blocks. For each test session, the PPS randomly varied by frequency filter; high-pass (HP) or band-pass (BP). The SES was presented at an intensity of 120 dB SPL for a duration of 15 ms and medium inter-stimulus interval (ISI) of 50 ms was used for all trials. A psychometric function was successfully obtained. There was no significant difference between the twostrains of mice (p=0.15) so data between the groups was pooled. A significant effect (p=0.04) of frequency filter was seen as more PPI was obtained with the HP vs. BP filter. The obtained threshold ranged from 19 dB SPL to 45.8 dB SPL depending on how threshold was defined.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 43
Book Description
The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is an automated motor response to an unexpected and intense auditory stimulus (Ouagazzal, Reiss, & Romand, 2006). When an audible 'prepulse' stimulus is presented before the intense, startle-evoking stimulus (SES); the startle reflex response is reduced and this is known as prepulse inhibition (PPI). The degree of ASR inhibition serves as a measure of the behavioral salience of the prepulse (Carlson & Willott, 1996). This study aimed to obtain a psychometric function from the amount of PPI of the ASR that resulted from varying intensity levels of a prepulse stimulus (PPS). Twelve mice were used for this study and each was tested twice. Six of the mice were of the C57BL/6J background (a common strain often used as a control) and six were wild-type offspring of mice that had a mutation of the ephrin (EphA4) gene (labeled as EphA4+/+wt and were expected to be normal aside from possible early rearing effects from their mutant parents. An accelerometer measured amount of movement associated with the SES with and without the PPS. The PPS randomly varied between 13 different intensities in the range of 25 dB SPL to 75 dB SPL. In addition, there were two control trials of the SES with a PPS of 0 dB SPL and one random trial with no sound at all. Therefore, there were a total of 16 trials which were presented randomly in each of 11 blocks. For each test session, the PPS randomly varied by frequency filter; high-pass (HP) or band-pass (BP). The SES was presented at an intensity of 120 dB SPL for a duration of 15 ms and medium inter-stimulus interval (ISI) of 50 ms was used for all trials. A psychometric function was successfully obtained. There was no significant difference between the twostrains of mice (p=0.15) so data between the groups was pooled. A significant effect (p=0.04) of frequency filter was seen as more PPI was obtained with the HP vs. BP filter. The obtained threshold ranged from 19 dB SPL to 45.8 dB SPL depending on how threshold was defined.
Author: Jennifer R. O'Steen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Auditory pathways Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
ABSTRACT: In addition to genetic influences, peripheral hearing loss and central auditory processing factors must be taken into consideration.
Author: Monica Muñoz-Lopez Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889450619 Category : Languages : en Pages : 332
Book Description
This eBook comprises s series of original research and review articles dealing with the anatomical, genetic, and physiological organization of the auditory system from humans to monkeys and mice.
Author: Joseph A. Sisneros Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319210599 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
Fish Hearing and Bioacoustics is an anthology of review papers that were presented at a special symposium to honor Arthur Popper and Richard Fay on May 25th 2013 at the Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota, FL. The research presentations at this conference spanned the range of disciplines covered by Fay and Popper during their long and productive careers. The book includes the following thematic areas for the papers in this special volume: morphology and anatomy of the inner ear and lateral line systems; physiology of inner ear, lateral line, and central auditory systems; acoustically mediated behavior, including communication and sound localization; and environmental influences on fish hearing and bioacoustics, including anthropogenic effects of noise on fishes. Each chapter reviews and summarizes the past studies of particular area that will lead the reader up to the current work presented at the symposium. In addition, each chapters includes a perspective of how Arthur Popper and Richard Fay have influenced their particular area of fish bio acoustic research. Each manuscript also includes a hypotheses for future studies. These hypotheses will provide a springboard for future work in each field.
Author: Geoffrey A. Manley Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441989579 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 433
Book Description
The function of vertebrate hearing is served by a surprising variety of sensory structures in the different groups of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. This book discusses the origin, specialization, and functional properties of sensory hair cells, beginning with environmental constraints on acoustic systems and addressing in detail the evolutionary history behind modern structure and function in the vertebrate ear. Taking a comparative approach, chapters are devoted to each of the vertebrate groups, outlining the transition to land existence and the further parallel and independent adaptations of amniotic groups living in air. The volume explores in depth the specific properties of hair cells that allowed them to become sensitive to sound and capable of analyzing sounds into their respective frequency components. Evolution of the Vertebrate Auditory System is directed to a broad audience of biologists and clinicians, from the level of advanced undergraduate students to professionals interested in learning more about the evolution, structure, and function of the ear.
Author: W.N. Tavolga Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461571863 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 599
Book Description
This volume is a compilation of the papers presented at a meeting that took place in April 1980 at the Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida. The meeting and this volume are outgrowths of two earlier international meetings on marine bio-acoustics that occurred in 1963 and 1966 (Tavolga 1964, 1967). The first meeting took place at the Lerner Marine Laboratory of the American Museum of Natural History, while the second meeting was at the American Museum itself, and was under the sponsorship of the Department of Animal Behavior. It is apparent that these two volumes have had immense impact on the current study of marine bio-acoustics, and particularly on fish audition. In a preliminary conference in Sarasota in 1979 we decided that it was time for another such meeting, to bring together as many as possible of the investigators interested in fish acoustics in order to assess the current state of our knowledge and predict directions for research for the next several years. Such a meeting appeared par ticularly timely, since over the past four or five years there have been many new studies that have provided new empirical and theoretical work on basic mechanisms of fish audition. Furthermore, it became evident, as we made up preliminary lists of possible participants, that few of the currently active workers were in the field back in 1966. In fact, of the current participants, only Drs.
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Author: Jennifer R. O'Steen
Author: Monica Muñoz-Lopez
Author: Joseph A. Sisneros
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Author: Geoffrey A. Manley
Author: W.N. Tavolga
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