Prepartum CLA Or Postpartum Ammonium Lactate Supplementation Improves Blood Metabolite Profile and Lactation Performance in Transition Dairy Cows PDF Download
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Author: Rafael Caputo Oliveira Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Reduced feed intake during the transition period of dairy cows coupled with the high energy demand for milk production results in mobilization of fatty acids (FA) from adipose tissue. Excessive mobilization of FA can exceed the hepatic capacity for complete oxidation of FA, leading to metabolic disorders such as hyperketonemia (HYK) and fatty liver. The overall hypothesis of this dissertation was that metabolic disorders can be prevented by nutritional interventions that decrease supply of blood FA to the liver and/or increase the hepatic capacity for complete oxidation of FA. In the first experiment, we hypothesized that prepartum supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) could be a strategy to decrease serum FA around calving, decrease prevalence of HYK, and improve lactation performance. Cows supplemented with CLA had greater milk protein and fat yield, resulting in an increased milk energy output. Cows fed with CLA had lower serum FA and [Beta]-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) immediately after calving compared to control. Prevalence of HYK reduced from 23% to 3% in CLA supplemented cows. In the second and third experiments, our hypothesis was that fermented ammoniated condensed whey (FACW) supplementation would increase the supply of gluconeogenic precursors to the liver, resulting in an improved postpartum plasma metabolic profile, lactation performance, and decreased liver triglyceride content. Postpartum FACW supplementation increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, and decreased those of FA and BHB. Incidence of HYK tended to be reduced from 60% to 37% in FACW supplemented cows. Cows supplemented with FACW also had lowered liver triglyceride content compared to control. Supplementation of FACW improved feed efficiency as accessed by measures of milk output relative to feed intake. Supplementation with FACW increased hepatic pyruvate carboxylase (PC) expression, but did not alter hepatic cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1), resulting in greater PC:PCK1 ratio. The latter suggests greater hepatic capacity for complete oxidation of FA in FACW-fed cows compared to control. Nutritional interventions presented in this dissertation improved metabolic health in postpartum dairy cows likely driven by decreased supply of FA to the liver and/or by increased hepatic capacity for complete oxidation of FA as suggested in the FACW study.
Author: Rafael Caputo Oliveira Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Reduced feed intake during the transition period of dairy cows coupled with the high energy demand for milk production results in mobilization of fatty acids (FA) from adipose tissue. Excessive mobilization of FA can exceed the hepatic capacity for complete oxidation of FA, leading to metabolic disorders such as hyperketonemia (HYK) and fatty liver. The overall hypothesis of this dissertation was that metabolic disorders can be prevented by nutritional interventions that decrease supply of blood FA to the liver and/or increase the hepatic capacity for complete oxidation of FA. In the first experiment, we hypothesized that prepartum supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) could be a strategy to decrease serum FA around calving, decrease prevalence of HYK, and improve lactation performance. Cows supplemented with CLA had greater milk protein and fat yield, resulting in an increased milk energy output. Cows fed with CLA had lower serum FA and [Beta]-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) immediately after calving compared to control. Prevalence of HYK reduced from 23% to 3% in CLA supplemented cows. In the second and third experiments, our hypothesis was that fermented ammoniated condensed whey (FACW) supplementation would increase the supply of gluconeogenic precursors to the liver, resulting in an improved postpartum plasma metabolic profile, lactation performance, and decreased liver triglyceride content. Postpartum FACW supplementation increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, and decreased those of FA and BHB. Incidence of HYK tended to be reduced from 60% to 37% in FACW supplemented cows. Cows supplemented with FACW also had lowered liver triglyceride content compared to control. Supplementation of FACW improved feed efficiency as accessed by measures of milk output relative to feed intake. Supplementation with FACW increased hepatic pyruvate carboxylase (PC) expression, but did not alter hepatic cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1), resulting in greater PC:PCK1 ratio. The latter suggests greater hepatic capacity for complete oxidation of FA in FACW-fed cows compared to control. Nutritional interventions presented in this dissertation improved metabolic health in postpartum dairy cows likely driven by decreased supply of FA to the liver and/or by increased hepatic capacity for complete oxidation of FA as suggested in the FACW study.
Author: Valerie Higginson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"The current study evaluated the effects of a yeast-derived microbial protein (YMP) and live yeast on the health and lactational performance of Holstein cows during their transition period. Experiment 1 examined the effects of supplementing YMP alone, whereas Experiment 2 examined YMP fed in combination with live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Both studies commenced 21 days prior to expected calving and ended 28 days postpartum. Cows were blocked according to parity and expected calving dates. Both studies evaluated the effects of treatments on milk production and composition, dry matter intake (DMI), body condition score (BCS) and serum biochemical parameters, macrominerals and proteins. In Experiment 1, twenty-seven primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to either a treated (YMP; 50 g YMP prepartum followed by 200 g YMP postpartum) or control (0 g YMP). In Experiment 2, cows were randomly assigned to either a YMPL (100g YMP and 10g live yeast prepartum followed by 200g YMP and 10g live yeast postpartum) or control (0 g YMP or live yeast) group. In both studies, DMI and milk yield were recorded daily in the postpartum period. Milk samples were obtained twice weekly while BCS evaluation and blood collections were performed on d -21, -14, -7, -3 and -1 relative to expected calving dates and d 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 postpartum.In Experiment 1, there was no effect of YMP on DMI, BCS milk yield or milk composition. However, YMP supplementation significantly reduced serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration from d 3 postpartum until the end of the study. Serum concentrations of [beta]-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were also reduced in YMP-supplemented cows on d 3 and 7 postpartum. Moreover, YMP supplementation significantly increased serum glucose levels on d 3 and 7 postpartum, and reduced serum aspartate transaminase (AST) levels on d 14 and 21 postpartum. In Experiment 2, YMP and live yeast supplementation did not affect DMI, BCS or milk performance. Serum concentration of BHBA was not affected by YMPL supplementation. However, YMPL cows had higher serum NEFA concentrations on d 3 and 14 postpartum whereas serum AST concentrations were higher on d 1, 3 and 7 postpartum. This was accompanied by higher serum glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and lower haptoglobin levels in YMPL cows on d 7 and 14 postpartum. From Experiment 1, it was concluded that YMP supplementation to transition cows may significantly reduce metabolic stress leading to less adipose tissue mobilization and improved hepatic health without any negative impacts on milk performance. In Experiment 2, however, YMPL supplementation appeared to increase metabolic stress in transition cows as indicated by higher serum NEFA levels postpartum. However, serum NEFA levels decreased rapidly in YMPL cows as lactation progressed, suggesting that fat mobilization was not excessive. These conflicting results suggests that the mode of YMP supplementation (pellet or powder) may have a direct effect on its efficacy and that feeding YMP in combination with live yeast during the transition period merits further investigation. " --
Author: Patrick F. Fox Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387288139 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 816
Book Description
The Advanced Dairy Chemistry series was first published in four volumes in the 1980s (under the title Developments in Dairy Chemistry) and revised in three volumes in the 1990s. The series is the leading reference on dairy chemistry, providing in-depth coverage of milk proteins, lipids, lactose, water and minor constituents. Advanced Dairy Chemistry Volume 2: Lipids, Third Edition, is unique in the literature on milk lipids, a broad field that encompasses a diverse range of topics, including synthesis of fatty acids and acylglycerols, compounds associated with the milk fat fraction, analytical aspects, behavior of lipids during processing and their effect on product characteristics, product defects arising from lipolysis and oxidation of lipids, as well as nutritional significance of milk lipids. Most topics included in the second edition are retained in the current edition, which has been updated and considerably expanded. New chapters cover the following subjects: Biosynthesis and nutritional significance of conjugated linoleic acid, which has assumed major significance during the past decade; Formation and biological significance of oxysterols; The milk fat globule membrane as a source of nutritionally and technologically significant products; Physical, chemical and enzymatic modification of milk fat; Significance of fat in dairy products: creams, cheese, ice cream, milk powders and infant formulae; Analytical methods: chromatographic, spectroscopic, ultrasound and physical methods. This authoritative work summarizes current knowledge on milk lipids and suggests areas for further work. It will be very valuable to dairy scientists, chemists and others working in dairy research or in the dairy industry.
Author: David G. Pugh Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 0323624642 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 578
Book Description
**Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Veterinary Medicine** Get practical answers from the only guide on the care of sheep, goats, and cervids! Authoritative yet easy to read, Sheep, Goat and Cervid Medicine, 3rd Edition covers all the latest advances in the field, including diseases and medical treatment, surgery, pain management, theriogenology, and nutrition. Clear instructions and hundreds of full-color photographs guide you step by step through common procedures including restraint for examination, administration of drugs, blood collection, and grooming. New to this edition is coverage of deer and elk medicine, reflecting the growing interest in these ruminants. Written by an expert team led by Dr. D.G. Pugh, this comprehensive reference is ideal for veterinarians and also for owners of sheep and goats. - Clear writing style and consistent organization makes the book easy to understand and use, with disease chapters including pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. - Coverage of both surgery and medicine in each body systems chapter makes it easier to choose between treatment options for specific disorders. - Superbly illustrated surgical procedures clearly demonstrate the steps to follow in performing medical and reproductive surgery. - Diverse, expert contributors include the most experienced authorities, each providing current information on the care of valuable breeding stock as well as pets. - Useful appendixes, now including veterinary feed directives, offer convenient access to information on drugs and drug dosages, fluid therapy, and normal values and conversions. - Consistent, logical format in each body systems chapter makes information easy to find by beginning with physical examination and diagnostic procedures, followed by discussions of common diseases that involve the system. - Comprehensive Feeding and Nutrition chapter covers diet evaluation, method of balancing rations, total parenteral nutrition, and examples of nutritious diets. - Explanation of the differences in normal behavior between sheep and goats shows how they are not the same, and require different methods of treatment. - NEW! Coverage of cervids has been added to chapters throughout the book, reflecting the growing popularity of deer and elk. - NEW! Thorough content updates are made throughout the book and reflect the latest research evidence. - NEW! 170 new clinical photos have been added. - NEW! Anesthesia and Pain Management chapter includes a new section on pain management strategies, reflecting the emphasis on controlling pain in small ruminants. - NEW! Expert Consult website offers an online version of the book, making it easy to search the entire book electronically. - NEW! Two new authors are respected and well-known veterinary medicine experts and educators: Dr. Misty Edmondson and Dr. Thomas Passler.
Author: Min-Tze Liong Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319231774 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 293
Book Description
This book discusses the use of microorganisms for improving nutrient quality and producing healthier foods. Conventional roles of microbes in food preservation and in producing more readily digestible nutrients via natural fermentation processes are also examined. Individual chapters explore topics such as bio-preservation, incorporation of lactic acid bacteria, traditional fermented Mongolian foods, fermented fish products of Sudan, probiotics in China, fermented soymilk, food colorants, and the effect of food on gut microbiota. Readers will gain insights into current trends and future prospects of functional foods and nutraceuticals. This volume will be of particular interest to scientists working in the fields of food sciences, microbiology, agriculture and public health.
Author: Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9781444320930 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 560
Book Description
Food Safety is an increasingly important issue. Numerous foodcrises have occurred internationally in recent years (the use ofthe dye Sudan Red I; the presence of acrylamide in various friedand baked foods; mislabelled or unlabelled genetically modifiedfoods; and the outbreak of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)originating in both primary agricultural production and in the foodmanufacturing industries. Public concern at these and other eventshas led government agencies to implement a variety of legislativeactions covering many aspects of the food chain. This book presents and compares the HACCP and ISO 22000:2005food safety management systems. These systems were introduced toimprove and build upon existing systems in an attempt to addressthe kinds of failures which can lead to food crises. Numerouspractical examples illustrating the application of ISO 22000 to themanufacture of food products of animal origin are presented in thisextensively-referenced volume. After an opening chapter whichintroduces ISO 22000 and compares it with the well-establishedHACCP food safety management system, a summary of internationallegislation relating to safety in foods of animal origin ispresented. The main part of the book is divided into chapters whichare devoted to the principle groups of animal-derived foodproducts: dairy, meat, poultry, eggs and seafood. Chapters are alsoincluded on catering and likely future directions. The book is aimed at food industry managers and consultants;government officials responsible for food safety monitoring;researchers and advanced students interested in food safety.
Author: Naheed Mojgani Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811602239 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 373
Book Description
This book covers all aspects of probiotic bacteria and their metabolites, as well as their role and significance in human and animal health. Given the role of probiotic bacterial strains in the production of short chain fatty acids, butyrate etc probiotics may be considered as an alternative approach for the prevention or treatment of intestinal dysbiosis, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, hypertensions. Additionally, the significance of probiotics added in aquaculture systems for improving health, performance and growth of aquatic organisms has been highlighted. In this book, the multi-functional role of probiotics and their post-biotic metabolites in improving overall health status of man and animals, is discussed. It is a comprehensive compilation useful for researchers, academics, veterinarians and students in the field of microbiology, food technology and biotechnology.
Author: Pragya Mishra Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811561214 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 522
Book Description
This book gathers a collection of essays that describe recent innovations in food technology including food processing, packaging, food safety, and novel ingredients. By 2050, the world will face the challenge of having to feed an estimated 9 billion people. In order to meet that challenge, innovations in food research are of the utmost importance. The book is divided into four sections, each of which explores an important aspect like food processing, food microbiology, and nutritional security. Written by respected scholars in the field, the respective chapters discuss a range of new and enhanced food materials, as well as processing innovations to extend shelf life and reduce toxic effects. The book also addresses the health potential of various nutraceuticals, bio-absorption of metals and their positive impacts on living systems, as well as methods for reducing food wastage, preventing the loss of nutritive value, and preserving or enhancing palatability. Given its scope, the book will be highly interesting for food scientists, both in academia and the food industry. It will also benefit advanced graduate students and senior researchers.
Author: Rafael Caputo Oliveira
Author: Rafael Caputo Oliveira
Author: Valerie Higginson
Author: 
Author: Ian Lean
Author: Patrick F. Fox
Author: David G. Pugh
Author: Min-Tze Liong
Author: Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis
Author: Naheed Mojgani
Author: Pragya Mishra