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Author: Brian Anthony Ramos Publisher: ISBN: Category : Hydration rind dating Languages : en Pages : 658
Book Description
Prehistoric obsidian quarries in the western Great Basin show peak levels of use ca. 3150-1350 B.P. immediately followed by sharp declines in overall volume and a shift away from biface production. The models developed to explain this pattern either view quarry use as part of a trans-Sierra Nevada luxury exchange network with central and southern California populations as primary consumers, or as utilitarian toolstone procurement responding to western Great Basin settlement patterns and mobility. Obsidian hydration dates obtained on artifacts systematically collected from the Truman/Queen source demonstrates a history of use similar to other sources, suggesting that regional changes in western Great Basin obsidian quarry use was not the result of trans-Sierra Nevada exchange because Truman/Queen obsidian is virtually absent west of the Sierra Nevada. The results of this study also indicate that models that emphasize mobility as the primary conditioner of lithic technology are also inadequate. First order determinants of technology are most likely subsistence related and based on the ability of a specific tool form to contribute to subsistence return rates by reducing resource handling time. Differential mobility likely contributes to technology in a lesser way, affecting decisions regarding degrees of processing, such as biface stage, primary and secondary reduction loci, but not ultimately tool form.
Author: Brian Anthony Ramos Publisher: ISBN: Category : Hydration rind dating Languages : en Pages : 658
Book Description
Prehistoric obsidian quarries in the western Great Basin show peak levels of use ca. 3150-1350 B.P. immediately followed by sharp declines in overall volume and a shift away from biface production. The models developed to explain this pattern either view quarry use as part of a trans-Sierra Nevada luxury exchange network with central and southern California populations as primary consumers, or as utilitarian toolstone procurement responding to western Great Basin settlement patterns and mobility. Obsidian hydration dates obtained on artifacts systematically collected from the Truman/Queen source demonstrates a history of use similar to other sources, suggesting that regional changes in western Great Basin obsidian quarry use was not the result of trans-Sierra Nevada exchange because Truman/Queen obsidian is virtually absent west of the Sierra Nevada. The results of this study also indicate that models that emphasize mobility as the primary conditioner of lithic technology are also inadequate. First order determinants of technology are most likely subsistence related and based on the ability of a specific tool form to contribute to subsistence return rates by reducing resource handling time. Differential mobility likely contributes to technology in a lesser way, affecting decisions regarding degrees of processing, such as biface stage, primary and secondary reduction loci, but not ultimately tool form.
Author: Richard E. Hughes Publisher: University of Utah Press ISBN: 1607812002 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 292
Book Description
This volume investigates the circumstances and conditions under which trade/exchange, direct access, and/or mobility best account for material conveyance across varying distances at different times in the past.
Author: Christopher Thomas Morgan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Mono Indians Languages : en Pages : 730
Book Description
"While logistically organized and sedentary hunter-gatherers have been characterized as more efficient resource exploiters with adaptive advantages over simpler, mobile foragers, the mobile Western Mono successfully migrated to the western slope of the south-central Sierra Nevada, California, outcompeting and displacing more sedentary groups some 600 years ago. They did so during a shift from benign, warm, and dry to marginal, cold, and wet environmental conditions. Assuming that settlement and subsistence behaviors are adaptive mechanisms that confer advantages (and disadvantages) to groups competing to occupy territory, this research focuses on reconstructing Western Mono settlement, transport, and storage behaviors in light of patchy montane resource distributions resulting from late Holocene climate change. This theoretical approach directs analysis towards reconstructing competitive hunter-gatherer subsistence behaviors during a period where when resources were particularly patchy with regard to time, space, and elevation. Such behaviors were those that best averaged temporal and spatial variability in resource availability. For the Mono, these behaviors were seasonal residential mobility and acorn transport and caching. Residential mobility effectively averaged resource base variability by bringing consumers to resources during peak environmental productivity. Transport of acorn to winter hamlets and high elevations was important to this strategy, bringing resources to consumers in winter and reducing uncertainty when entering resource-poor environments in summer. Dispersed and expedient acorn caching offset the temporal variability of resource availability. Acorn caches are distributed in efficient and risk-reducing logistical foraging radii that effectively provisioned lowland winter settlements. Caches not only sustained winter populations, but also facilitated spring and summer moves by providing reliable food stores near highland spring and summer camps. Combined, Mono transport, mobility, and storage effectively averaged pronounced spatial and temporal variance in the environment's production of key resources during the late Holocene neoglacial, behaviors ultimately leading to their successful migration and territorial maintenance. These findings ultimately imply that when hunter-gatherers compete; to occupy territory, behaviors thought of as simple, such as residential mobility and expedient technology, can confer competitive advantages to their practitioners and that the success or failure of competing behaviors is intrinsically linked to the ecological contexts in which they occur."--Abstract
Author: Timothy G. Baugh Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475762313 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 460
Book Description
In this unique volume, archaeologists examine the changing economic structure of trade in North America over a period of 6,000 years. Organined by geographical and chronological divisions, each chapter focuses on trade in one of nine regions from the Arachiac through the late prehistoric period. Each contribution explores neighboring areas to llustrate the complexity of North American exchange. By charting the econmic structure of these regions, archaeologists, economic anthropologists, and economic geographers gain greater insight into the dynamics of North American trade and exchange on a continental wide basis.
Author: Brian Anthony Ramos
Author: Brian Anthony Ramos
Author: Richard E. Hughes
Author: Terry L. Jones
Author: Mark Alan Giambastiani
Author: Christopher Thomas Morgan
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Author: 
Author: Gary S. Breschini
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Author: Timothy G. Baugh