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Author: Timu W. Gallien Publisher: ISBN: 9781267826855 Category : Languages : en Pages : 109
Book Description
Coastal flooding has been recognized as a significant challenge for human settlement. Global sea levels are expected to rise on the order of 1 m by 2100, exacerbating already episodic flooding in highly urbanized coastal communities. Flood mapping is the first step in risk assessment and represents a critical element of flood risk management, not only to identify vulnerable property but to evaluate the efficacy and potential consequences of proposed adaptation strategies. However, flood maps have not been rigorously validated to include information about model sensitivities and uncertainties relative to modeling methodology and infrastructure resolution. A two dimensional Godunov type hydrodynamic model that solves a local Riemann problem to accommodate weir-like overflow is successfully applied to simulate tidal flooding. The shallow water hydrodynamic model is then augmented with empirical overtopping models to investigate the effect of wave overtopping volumes. Simulation results are compared to two unique validation datasets and three critical issues in coastal flood prediction emerge; the effects of methodology (i.e. equilibrium vs. hydrodynamic), depiction of both weir-like overflow of walls and wave runup and overtopping volumes and finally, resolving flood control infrastructure and mitigation measures. Hydrodynamic modeling methodologies responsive to flood control infrastructure are found to outperform existing equilibrium flood mapping methodologies which ignore hydraulic connectivity and assume instantaneous filling of the backshore. Weir-like and wave runup and overtopping volumes are shown to significantly influence flood prediction, and paradoxically, mitigation strategies associated with weir-like flooding may exacerbate runup and overtopping floods. Finally, results show that accurate flood mapping requires inclusion of both flood control infrastructure such as drainage and flood defense walls resolved with centimetric accuracy. A real time kinematic (RTK) survey with approximately 1.5 cm vertical root mean square error (RMSE) is found to be suitable for barrier height measurement. However, errors consistent with aerial laser scanning (LiDAR) of approximately 15 cm RMSE are inadequate for urban flood mapping.
Author: Timu W. Gallien Publisher: ISBN: 9781267826855 Category : Languages : en Pages : 109
Book Description
Coastal flooding has been recognized as a significant challenge for human settlement. Global sea levels are expected to rise on the order of 1 m by 2100, exacerbating already episodic flooding in highly urbanized coastal communities. Flood mapping is the first step in risk assessment and represents a critical element of flood risk management, not only to identify vulnerable property but to evaluate the efficacy and potential consequences of proposed adaptation strategies. However, flood maps have not been rigorously validated to include information about model sensitivities and uncertainties relative to modeling methodology and infrastructure resolution. A two dimensional Godunov type hydrodynamic model that solves a local Riemann problem to accommodate weir-like overflow is successfully applied to simulate tidal flooding. The shallow water hydrodynamic model is then augmented with empirical overtopping models to investigate the effect of wave overtopping volumes. Simulation results are compared to two unique validation datasets and three critical issues in coastal flood prediction emerge; the effects of methodology (i.e. equilibrium vs. hydrodynamic), depiction of both weir-like overflow of walls and wave runup and overtopping volumes and finally, resolving flood control infrastructure and mitigation measures. Hydrodynamic modeling methodologies responsive to flood control infrastructure are found to outperform existing equilibrium flood mapping methodologies which ignore hydraulic connectivity and assume instantaneous filling of the backshore. Weir-like and wave runup and overtopping volumes are shown to significantly influence flood prediction, and paradoxically, mitigation strategies associated with weir-like flooding may exacerbate runup and overtopping floods. Finally, results show that accurate flood mapping requires inclusion of both flood control infrastructure such as drainage and flood defense walls resolved with centimetric accuracy. A real time kinematic (RTK) survey with approximately 1.5 cm vertical root mean square error (RMSE) is found to be suitable for barrier height measurement. However, errors consistent with aerial laser scanning (LiDAR) of approximately 15 cm RMSE are inadequate for urban flood mapping.
Author: Xin Zhang Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319427105 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
This book presents essential new insights in research and applications concerning spatial information technologies and coastal disaster prevention modeling for oceanic and coastal regions. As a new research domain of Digital Earth, it covers the latest scientific and technical advances, from the acquisition and integration of observational data, ocean spatio-temporal analysis and coastal flood forecasting to frequency modeling and the development of technical platforms. The individual chapters will be of interest to specialists in oceanic and coastal monitoring and management who deal with aspects of data integration, sharing, visualization, and spatio-temporal analysis from a Digital Earth perspective.
Author: Zekâi Şen Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319523562 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 431
Book Description
This book draws on the author’s professional experience and expertise in humid and arid regions to familiarize readers with the basic scientific philosophy and methods regarding floods and their impacts on human life and property. The basis of each model, algorithm and calculation methodology is presented, together with logical and analytical strategies. Global warming and climate change trends are addressed, while flood risk assessments, vulnerability, preventive and mitigation procedures are explained systematically, helping readers apply them in a rational and effective manner. Lastly, real-world project applications are highlighted in each section, ensuring readers grasp not only the theoretical aspects but also their concrete implementation.
Author: Huan Wu Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119427215 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
Recent advances in the modeling and remote sensing of droughts and floods Droughts and floods are causing increasing damage worldwide, often with devastating short- and long-term impacts on human society. Forecasting when they will occur, monitoring them as they develop, and learning from the past to improve disaster management is vital. Global Drought and Flood: Observation, Modeling, and Prediction presents recent advances in the modeling and remote sensing of droughts and floods. It also describes the techniques and products currently available and how they are being used in practice. Volume highlights include: Remote sensing approaches for mapping droughts and floods Physical and statistical models for monitoring and forecasting hydrologic hazards Features of various drought and flood systems and products Use by governments, humanitarian, and development stakeholders in recent disaster cases Improving the collaboration between hazard information provision and end users The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Author: Fi-John Chang Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3038975486 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
Nowadays, the degree and scale of flood hazards has been massively increasing as a result of the changing climate, and large-scale floods jeopardize lives and properties, causing great economic losses, in the inundation-prone areas of the world. Early flood warning systems are promising countermeasures against flood hazards and losses. A collaborative assessment according to multiple disciplines, comprising hydrology, remote sensing, and meteorology, of the magnitude and impacts of flood hazards on inundation areas significantly contributes to model the integrity and precision of flood forecasting. Methodologically oriented countermeasures against flood hazards may involve the forecasting of reservoir inflows, river flows, tropical cyclone tracks, and flooding at different lead times and/or scales. Analyses of impacts, risks, uncertainty, resilience, and scenarios coupled with policy-oriented suggestions will give information for flood hazard mitigation. Emerging advances in computing technologies coupled with big-data mining have boosted data-driven applications, among which Machine Learning technology, with its flexibility and scalability in pattern extraction, has modernized not only scientific thinking but also predictive applications. This book explores recent Machine Learning advances on flood forecast and management in a timely manner and presents interdisciplinary approaches to modelling the complexity of flood hazards-related issues, with contributions to integrative solutions from a local, regional or global perspective.
Author: Samuel Brody Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323852521 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 450
Book Description
Coastal Flood Risk Reduction: The Netherlands and the U.S. Upper Texas Coast represents the culmination of a 5-year international research and education partnership funded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and more than 10 years of collaboration between Dutch and U.S. flood experts on the basic issue of how to protect society from growing flood risks. Multiple case studies integrating the fields of engineering, hydrology, landscape architecture, economics, and planning address the underlying characteristics of physical flood risks and their prediction; human communities and the associated built environment; physical, social, and built-environment variables; and mitigation techniques. In recognition of the lack of systematic research and the growing societal need to better understand flood impacts, this edited book provides an in-depth, comparative evaluation of flood problems and solutions in two key places: the Netherlands and the U.S. Upper Texas Coast. Both regions are extremely flood-prone and have experienced continual adverse impacts throughout their histories. For researchers in flood management, geographers, hydrologists, environmental studies, and social science as well as policymakers and decision-makers in flood management authorities and related industries, this book provides an essential resource. Introduces integrated comparative work on flood risk reduction and management across disciplines and international boundaries Presents chapters written by dozens of experts across six U.S. and Dutch universities that have formally participated in the international research and education program funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Provides a basis for understanding and mitigating flood risk over a range of necessary perspectives, from modeling inputs to design solutions Integrates cutting-edge scientific methods and state-of-the-art knowledge with examples of specific solutions and how they are being implemented in each national case study
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030948961X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 101
Book Description
Flooding is the natural hazard with the greatest economic and social impact in the United States, and these impacts are becoming more severe over time. Catastrophic flooding from recent hurricanes, including Superstorm Sandy in New York (2012) and Hurricane Harvey in Houston (2017), caused billions of dollars in property damage, adversely affected millions of people, and damaged the economic well-being of major metropolitan areas. Flooding takes a heavy toll even in years without a named storm or event. Major freshwater flood events from 2004 to 2014 cost an average of $9 billion in direct damage and 71 lives annually. These figures do not include the cumulative costs of frequent, small floods, which can be similar to those of infrequent extreme floods. Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States contributes to existing knowledge by examining real-world examples in specific metropolitan areas. This report identifies commonalities and variances among the case study metropolitan areas in terms of causes, adverse impacts, unexpected problems in recovery, or effective mitigation strategies, as well as key themes of urban flooding. It also relates, as appropriate, causes and actions of urban flooding to existing federal resources or policies.
Author: Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128156953 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 798
Book Description
Spatial Modeling in GIS and R for Earth and Environmental Sciences offers an integrated approach to spatial modelling using both GIS and R. Given the importance of Geographical Information Systems and geostatistics across a variety of applications in Earth and Environmental Science, a clear link between GIS and open source software is essential for the study of spatial objects or phenomena that occur in the real world and facilitate problem-solving. Organized into clear sections on applications and using case studies, the book helps researchers to more quickly understand GIS data and formulate more complex conclusions. The book is the first reference to provide methods and applications for combining the use of R and GIS in modeling spatial processes. It is an essential tool for students and researchers in earth and environmental science, especially those looking to better utilize GIS and spatial modeling. Offers a clear, interdisciplinary guide to serve researchers in a variety of fields, including hazards, land surveying, remote sensing, cartography, geophysics, geology, natural resources, environment and geography Provides an overview, methods and case studies for each application Expresses concepts and methods at an appropriate level for both students and new users to learn by example
Author: Timu W. Gallien
Author: Timu W. Gallien
Author: Xin Zhang
Author: Zekâi Şen
Author: Huan Wu
Author: Fi-John Chang
Author: Samuel Brody
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Hamid Reza Pourghasemi
Author: Valentina Prigiobbe
Author: Great Britain. Environment Agency