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Author: Kerry Ryan Thompson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is expressed quite differently from person to person due to the spectrum of symptoms an individual may experience. Developmentally, children who have ASD manage issues with communication and restricted or repetitive behaviors that impact their activities of daily living and/or overall functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The ongoing care and assistance for children with ASD from their caregivers is vital to help them achieve and maintain optimal quality of life. Given the pervasive needs of children with ASD, caregivers have a unique role in providing for their child, as compared to caregivers of children without disabilities. The present study explored the caregiver in a family with a child with ASD. Applying a family systems perspective, Bishop's (2005a, 2005b) Disability Centrality Model constructs (i.e. role impact, relationship satisfaction, mastery) were used to explain caregiver and family quality of life. In addition, family quality of life was measured in such a way to incorporate Bishop's idea of centrality, or the importance an individual places on certain areas of life. A three-step statistical analysis was completed in order to better measure this conceptualization. This study included 204 caregivers who met the criteria for the study (i.e., caregiver of a child with ASD under the age of 18; self-reported reading level of 6th grade or above). Hayes' regression based path-analytic framework, PROCESS v2.16 was used to determine the explained variance of caregiver and family quality of life. In addition, correlational and moderation analyses were tested. Results suggested that the caregiver's perceived quality of life is positively correlated with the caregiver's perceived family quality of life. In addition, results indicated that the proposed path analyses explained 52.3% of the variance in caregiver quality of life, 44.4% variance for the weighted family quality of life model, and between 23.1-45.2% variance in the five-individual family quality of life-satisfaction domains (i.e, family interaction, parenting, emotional well-being, physical/material well-being, disability-related support). Finally, to better understand the impact of importance on quality of life, a three-step statistical analysis found that importance was significant when used as a weighted measurement of family quality of life that took the importance and satisfaction in consideration in their relation to one another; however, importance was not significant as a moderator between the relationship of caregiver relationship satisfaction and family quality of life. The findings in this study expand the current literature on caregivers of children with ASD, caregiver quality of life, and family quality of life. In addition, this study demonstrated the viability of strengths-based models of caregiver and family quality of life using Disability Centrality Model constructs through a family systems perspective for a sample of caregivers of children with ASD. Future implications for rehabilitation research and practice are discussed.
Author: Kerry Ryan Thompson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is expressed quite differently from person to person due to the spectrum of symptoms an individual may experience. Developmentally, children who have ASD manage issues with communication and restricted or repetitive behaviors that impact their activities of daily living and/or overall functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The ongoing care and assistance for children with ASD from their caregivers is vital to help them achieve and maintain optimal quality of life. Given the pervasive needs of children with ASD, caregivers have a unique role in providing for their child, as compared to caregivers of children without disabilities. The present study explored the caregiver in a family with a child with ASD. Applying a family systems perspective, Bishop's (2005a, 2005b) Disability Centrality Model constructs (i.e. role impact, relationship satisfaction, mastery) were used to explain caregiver and family quality of life. In addition, family quality of life was measured in such a way to incorporate Bishop's idea of centrality, or the importance an individual places on certain areas of life. A three-step statistical analysis was completed in order to better measure this conceptualization. This study included 204 caregivers who met the criteria for the study (i.e., caregiver of a child with ASD under the age of 18; self-reported reading level of 6th grade or above). Hayes' regression based path-analytic framework, PROCESS v2.16 was used to determine the explained variance of caregiver and family quality of life. In addition, correlational and moderation analyses were tested. Results suggested that the caregiver's perceived quality of life is positively correlated with the caregiver's perceived family quality of life. In addition, results indicated that the proposed path analyses explained 52.3% of the variance in caregiver quality of life, 44.4% variance for the weighted family quality of life model, and between 23.1-45.2% variance in the five-individual family quality of life-satisfaction domains (i.e, family interaction, parenting, emotional well-being, physical/material well-being, disability-related support). Finally, to better understand the impact of importance on quality of life, a three-step statistical analysis found that importance was significant when used as a weighted measurement of family quality of life that took the importance and satisfaction in consideration in their relation to one another; however, importance was not significant as a moderator between the relationship of caregiver relationship satisfaction and family quality of life. The findings in this study expand the current literature on caregivers of children with ASD, caregiver quality of life, and family quality of life. In addition, this study demonstrated the viability of strengths-based models of caregiver and family quality of life using Disability Centrality Model constructs through a family systems perspective for a sample of caregivers of children with ASD. Future implications for rehabilitation research and practice are discussed.
Author: Colleen M. Harker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 76
Book Description
Given the unique demands of raising a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is necessary to understand the impact on the quality of life (QoL) of their caregivers. Though QoL is considered an important outcome in health services research (Moons et al., 2006; Oliveira, Carvalho, & Esteves 2016), there is a lack of knowledge about QoL in caregivers of children with ASD or caregivers of children for whom there are ASD concerns, but no formal diagnosis. The objectives of the current study were to (1) Examine how having a young child with ASD or ASD concerns affects caregiver QoL, relative to children with other developmental concerns and typical development; (2) Examine profiles across QoL domains within each caregiver group to determine which QoL domains were most impacted relative to other domains; (3) Examine to what extent three levels of determinants contribute to caregiver QoL: family demographic (child age, family income, caregiver employment status, number of children in the home), psychological (parenting stress), and health care (family-centered care); and 4) (Exploratory) Examine the extent to which family centered care moderates the relation between parenting stress and QoL. The sample was drawn from a larger NIH study examining screening and referral practices for children with ASD in primary care provider (PCP) practices and early intervention (EI) agencies in Washington State. The sample was comprised of three groups: caregivers of children with ASD or ASD concerns (ASD/ASD Concerns; n = 42), caregivers of children with other developmental concerns (Other Concerns; n = 34), and caregivers of children with typical development (No Concerns; n = 112). Caregivers completed a measure of family demographics, parenting stress, family-centered care, and QoL at their time of entry in the study. Results indicated that caregivers in the ASD/ASD Concerns group reported significantly lower Psychological and Social QoL than caregivers in the Other Concerns group and the No Concerns group, and significantly lower Environmental QoL and Physical QoL than caregivers in the No Concerns group (Objective 1). For caregivers in the ASD/ASD Concerns group, Social QoL was significantly lower than Environmental and Physical QoL and Psychological QoL was significantly lower than Environmental QoL (Objective 2). Income, parenting stress, and family-centered care were significant predictors for all four QoL domains, while the number of children residing in the home was a significant predictor for Physical QoL only. There was also a significant group by stress interaction for Environmental QoL, such that there was a stronger negative relationship between parenting stress and Environmental QoL for caregivers in the ASD/ASD Concerns group compared to caregivers in the No Concerns group (Objective 3). Family-centered care did not moderate the relationship between parenting stress and QoL as predicted (Objective 4). Overall, these findings suggest that future research is needed to determine how to provide additional support to all caregivers, particularly low-income families and caregivers who are experiencing high levels of parenting stress and low levels of family-centered care.
Author: Danielle R. Fields Publisher: ISBN: Category : Children with autism spectrum disorders Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
Parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder have historically experienced stress levels that exceed those of other parents. This study sought to identify the relationships that existed between the independent variables of Family Quality of Life (FQOL), child independence, and caregiver resilience and the dependent variable of caregiver stress, as well as the extent to which those independent variables could predict stress. The study then analyzed the relationship that existed between caregiver stress and caregiver self-efficacy. Research revealed that while significant relationships existed between caregiver stress and the independent variables of FQOL, child independence, and caregiver resilience, the independent variables could not predict stress. The study also found that the relationship between caregiver stress and self-efficacy was not significant.
Author: Maureen Russell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Autism spectrum disorders in children Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) holds potential for significantly impacting the primary caregiver and family, as well as the child with ASD. In particular, sleep problems occur frequently among children with ASD, and their poor sleep may negatively affect that of their caregivers. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and Family Quality of Life (FQoL) are salient indices of caregiver and family well-being. This pilot study explored associations between family caregiver sleep problems and caregiver sense of coherence (SOC) or coping on HRQoL and FQoL. Additionally, this study examined relationships between child sleep and behavior problems on caregiver sleep and well-being. Sixty-two family caregivers of children with ASD (M =7.61, range: 6-11 years old) participated in this survey study. Participants provided demographic information and completed measures of HRQoL, FQoL, caregiver sleep, SOC, parental stress, child sleep, and child behavior. Caregivers with longer sleep duration reported better mental health and better FQol. Caregivers who reported insomnia symptoms, non-restorative sleep, and insufficient sleep were more likely to report poorer mental health than caregivers who did not report these sleep disorder symptoms. A stronger caregiver SOC was associated with lower caregiver stress, better mental health, and better FQoL. Significant relationships were found between shorter caregiver sleep duration or sleep disorder symptoms (i.e., difficulty staying asleep, early morning awakening, insufficient sleep) and greater child sleep problems. Moreover, short sleep duration or insufficient sleep among caregivers was significantly associated with greater parenting stress. Notably, biological parents with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) had children with more restless sleep and higher rates of some behavior problems. There are a number of potential connections between sleep problems of children with ASD and sleep problems of their caregivers that are likely rooted in genetic, environmental, socio-economic, and behavioral factors. Interventions for sleep problems must address the context of the family and consider that sleep problems may be common to the caregiver and the child. The results of this study support findings from many prior studies and point to salient variables for future research and interventions to promote healthy caregiver sleep.
Author: Emily Claire Gardiner Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 180
Book Description
Having a family member with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) has significant implications for family functioning. Overall, research findings demonstrate that families of children with NDDs are less satisfied with their quality of life (QOL), across domains, than families of typically developing children, and that families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are even less so. Although families of children with ASD are significantly at-risk, most research has included families of children with varied conditions, and has not examined predictors of family quality of life (FQOL) within specific NDD populations. This research gap, along with rising ASD awareness and prevalence, provides a strong rationale for devoting attention to this group specifically, and addressing the limitations that exist within this work. This research utilized a mixed-methods design to examine QOL among 84 families of children and adolescents (aged 6-18 years) with ASD living in British Columbia, and addressed three aims. First, the role of child characteristics, including adaptive functioning and behaviour problems, was examined in relation to FQOL. Adaptive functioning, and specifically daily living skills, emerged as a significant predictor of FQOL satisfaction, after accounting for behavioural and demographic characteristics, including child age, gender, perceived disability severity, and behavioural problems, as well as family income. Furthermore, there were significant differences across each domain of FQOL when groups were separated by daily living skill functioning level ('low,' 'moderately low,' and 'adequate'). Second, the relation between endorsed family resilience processes, based on Walsh's (2006, 2012) model, and FQOL satisfaction was examined. This revealed that greater endorsement of the 'family connectedness' and 'family communication and problem solving' processes significantly predicted FQOL when child and family demographic characteristics were accounted for. Finally, a subset (n = 15) of caregivers, representing both high and low levels of FQOL satisfaction, participated in a qualitative interview, during which they shared their perceptions of FQOL, both generally and in relation to specific topics, elaborated on service delivery experiences, and reflected on sources of family resilience. The findings are discussed in light of previous research, and the associated practice implications, as well as opportunities for future research, are highlighted.
Author: Tiana C Cypher Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Participants were 23 caregivers of children between the ages of four to twenty-two years old who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and attend the Autism Society of North Carolina (ASNC) Social Recreation program in Winterville, Wilmington, and Newport. The present study evaluated the quality of life in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, as well as the utilization and availability of resources for their child and the family. Data was collected using an online Qualtrics survey sent out to families by email. The survey consisted of questions regarding demographics, questions from the Questionnaire for Each Treatment regarding the treatments their child with autism receives, and questions from the Family Quality of Life Scale by the Beach Center on Disability. Overall results revealed that parenting is the most satisfying domain of quality of life, and disability related support was the least satisfactory for the parents. Results suggest that families with disability need to identify and enroll their children in early intervention programs and recreation program that help with children's development. The government and school programs should also strive to offer educative sessions for parents and families with children with autism to enhance their contribution outside of school hours.
Author: Michael Fitzgerald Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 953513079X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 346
Book Description
This book opens with a discussion of neurodiversity and an elaboration of the diagnosis of autism. It then examines factors correlating with autism, including sex bias, month of birth, migration and impact of infant feeding. The next section is on the impact of autism. The neurobiology and genetic section deals with epigenetics and intracellular pathways associated with etiology. The development and behaviour section deals with proprioceptive profiles and joint attention in autism. The final section focuses on interventions including mindfulness, animal assisted activity, social/cultural perspective on autism intervention and physical activity. The book is relevant to all professionals and researchers working with persons with autism, including psychiatrists/psychologists, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, teachers, nurses and care workers.
Author: Celine A. Saulnier Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119075459 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
A practical guide to adaptive behaviors across a range of neurodevelopmental disorders Adaptive behavior assessment measures independent living skills, including communication, social skills, personal care, and practical work skills. For individuals with intellectual disabilities, evaluation of these skills is a critical tool for measuring eligibility and can identify specific skills that must be learned before effective educational interventions can be implemented. Essentials of Adaptive Behavior Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders describes the role of adaptive behavior in assessment and treatment, and provides clear guidance for measurement. Case samples provide real-world illustration of behaviors and assessment, and systematic comparison of various measures are presented and explained to better inform planning. Individual chapters outline specific adaptive behaviors across a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, giving clinicians, practitioners, students, and researchers a better understanding of diagnostic differentials and how to place independent skill programming in treatment and intervention. Plan intervention and treatment based on accessible measurement guidelines across a range of disorders Gain a deeper understanding of adaptive functioning specific to ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, and genetic disorders Compare and contrast current measures to evaluate their strengths, weaknesses, and areas of overlap Quickly locate essential information with Rapid Reference and Caution boxes For individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, adaptive behaviors are the keys to independence; without them, these individuals will perpetually struggle with achieving optimum independence without the basic skills needed to function at home, in school, and in the community. Assessment allows these skills to be factored in to treatment and intervention planning, and can help improve the outcomes of other intervention methods. Essentials of Adaptive Behavior Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders clarifies the assessment of these important behaviors, helping clinicians make more informed decisions around diagnosis, education, and treatment planning.
Author: Kerry Ryan Thompson
Author: Kerry Ryan Thompson
Author: Colleen M. Harker
Author: Danielle R. Fields
Author: Maureen Russell
Author: Fabienne Bain
Author: Emily Claire Gardiner
Author: Tiana C Cypher
Author: Rebecca Ann Lindsey
Author: Michael Fitzgerald
Author: Celine A. Saulnier