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Author: Divya Samineni Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
Treatment of dyslipidemia in HIV-infected persons is commonly required with the use of protease inhibitors (PIs) which may be restricted by drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral agents and statins. We hypothesized that darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/rtv) modulate the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin (RSV) when co-administered by altering its hepatic disposition. The plausible genetic influence on the plasma exposure of RSV was also explored. To investigate this hypothesis, we first conducted a clinical drug interaction study and subsequently performed in vitro correlative/mechanistic analysis. In the open label, crossover study, 12 healthy volunteers were randomized to receive either RSV 10 mg/day or DRV/rtv 600/100 mg (bid) and in combination for 7 days followed by a crossover to the other regimen for 7 more days. The fasting lipids were obtained at baseline and on days 7, 21 and 35 along with intensive PK sampling for 24 hours post-dose. The PK parameters such as Cmax, t1/2 and AUC0-24 were determined by non-compartmental analysis using WinNonLin 5.2. Statistical analyses were performed using Paired t test. Drug levels were compared with OATP1B1 c.521T> C, 388A>G, BCRP c.421 C> A, MRP2 c.-24C>T, 1249G>A, 3972C>T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate potential outliers in the drug interaction study. Next we assessed the influence of DRV on the activity of multidrug transporters OATP1B1, BCRP and Pgp in the transporter over-expressing CHO and MDCK cells and primary human hepatocyte cultures. The AUC0-24 and Cmax of RSV before and after administration of DRV/rtv showed a significant increase by 1.48 fold (P=0.003) and 2.44 fold (P
Author: Divya Samineni Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
Treatment of dyslipidemia in HIV-infected persons is commonly required with the use of protease inhibitors (PIs) which may be restricted by drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral agents and statins. We hypothesized that darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/rtv) modulate the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin (RSV) when co-administered by altering its hepatic disposition. The plausible genetic influence on the plasma exposure of RSV was also explored. To investigate this hypothesis, we first conducted a clinical drug interaction study and subsequently performed in vitro correlative/mechanistic analysis. In the open label, crossover study, 12 healthy volunteers were randomized to receive either RSV 10 mg/day or DRV/rtv 600/100 mg (bid) and in combination for 7 days followed by a crossover to the other regimen for 7 more days. The fasting lipids were obtained at baseline and on days 7, 21 and 35 along with intensive PK sampling for 24 hours post-dose. The PK parameters such as Cmax, t1/2 and AUC0-24 were determined by non-compartmental analysis using WinNonLin 5.2. Statistical analyses were performed using Paired t test. Drug levels were compared with OATP1B1 c.521T> C, 388A>G, BCRP c.421 C> A, MRP2 c.-24C>T, 1249G>A, 3972C>T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate potential outliers in the drug interaction study. Next we assessed the influence of DRV on the activity of multidrug transporters OATP1B1, BCRP and Pgp in the transporter over-expressing CHO and MDCK cells and primary human hepatocyte cultures. The AUC0-24 and Cmax of RSV before and after administration of DRV/rtv showed a significant increase by 1.48 fold (P=0.003) and 2.44 fold (P
Author: Tony K. L. Kiang Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811021139 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
Clinically-focussed, with easily accessible tables and chapter summaries suitable for clinicians and researchers, this comprehensive book provides a systematic, critical evaluation of the current literature. An updated clinical decision-making algorithm specifically tailored to the antiretroviral drugs is also provided. The identified interactions are interpreted in the context of known mechanisms derived from clinical, preclinical, and in vitro data. The clinical relevance of the interactions is systematically evaluated and gaps in literature discussed in the context of potential future experiments. In addition to the comprehensive summary of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions associated with WHO-recommended antiretroviral drugs on the market today (i.e. nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors), this book also provides detailed section summaries on the epidemiology of HIV infection, diagnosis and pharmacotherapy, basic pharmacology of the individual antiretrovirals, pertinent pre-clinical and in vitro molecular pharmacology, and in vitro drug interaction data available in the literature today.
Author: M. Lindsay Grayson Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1498747965 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 4894
Book Description
Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics is the definitive, internationally-authored reference, providing everything that the infectious diseases specialist and prescriber needs to know about antimicrobials in this vast and rapidly developing field. The much-expanded Seventh Edition comprises 4800 pages in 3 volumes in order to cover all new and existing therapies, and emerging drugs not yet fully licensed. Concentrating on the treatment of infectious diseases, the content is divided into four sections - antibiotics, anti-fungal drugs, anti-parasitic drugs, and anti-viral drugs - and is highly structured for ease of reference. Each chapter is organized in a consistent format, covering susceptibility, formulations and dosing (adult and pediatric), pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, toxicity, and drug distribution, with detailed discussion regarding clinical uses - a feature unique to this title. Compiled by an expanded team of internationally renowned and respected editors, with expert contributors representing Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, South America, the US, and Canada, the Seventh Edition adopts a truly global approach. It remains invaluable for anyone using antimicrobial agents in their clinical practice and provides, in a systematic and concise manner, all the information required when prescribing an antimicrobial to treat infection.
Author: Gail B. Mahady Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9789026518553 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
This volume provides reviews and details of the quality, safety and efficacy for some of the top-selling botanicals worldwide, including black cohosh, chamomile, comfrey, echinacea, garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, kava, milk thistle, St John's wort and valerian. The work was written based on a systematic review of the scientific literature from 1975-2000.;Each review includes a brief introduction, a section on quality including a definition of the crude drug, geographical distribution, and a listing of the major chemical constituents. The safety and efficacy sections summarize the medical uses, pharmacology, contraindications, warnings, precautions, adverse reactions, dose and dosage forms. The safety and efficacy sections were written for a busy health-care professional, and should enable one to ascertain which clinical uses are supported by clinical data, without having to read through all the pharmacology. Each chapter is fully referenced, enabling the reader to access further information when necessary.
Author: Riccardo Proietti Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030744620 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 283
Book Description
This book concisely covers the latest developments in the application of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) within cardiovascular medicine. It details the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic mechanisms of DOACs and their application in treating patients with conditions ranging from coronary heart disease through kidney disease and cancer, including their perioperative management. Direct Oral Anticoagulants: From Pharmacology to Clinical Practice systematically describes the underlying mechanisms associated with DOACs and their use to treat a range of conditions and is an indispensable resource for all trainee and practicing physicians in a range of disciplines seeking a concise up-to-date resource on the topic.
Author: Xiaodong Liu Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811376476 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 580
Book Description
This book provides with a comprehensive overview of the role of drug transporters in drug disposition and efficacy/toxicity, as well as drug-drug interactions and recent advances in the field. Transporters are known determinants of drug disposition and efficacy/toxicity. In general, they are divided into solute carrier (SLC) and ATP binding cassette (ABC) families, and are located along cell membranes, where they mediate drug uptake into cells and export out of cells. Drug transporters are essential in maintaining cell homeostasis, and their gene mutations may cause or contribute to severe human genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, neurological disease, retinal degeneration, anemia, and cholesterol and bile transport defects. Conversely, some diseases may also alter transporter functions and expressions, in turn aggravating disease process. Further, since over-expression of some ABC transporters is a potential contributor to multidrug-resistance (MDR), the book presents a number of strategies to overcome MDR, including ABC transporter inhibitors and applying epigenetic methods to modulate transporter expressions and functions. This book is useful for graduate students and professionals who are looking to refresh or expand their knowledge of this exciting field.
Author: Cynthia Harden Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470672676 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Epilepsy requires careful management and monitoring through a woman’s life Epilepsy is a complex disease. The hormonal changes women experience, both day-to-day menstrual fluctuations and the longer waxes and wanings of a reproductive lifetime, make the management of epilepsy even more complicated. At some point, the well-being of a second person, a fetus, might also have to be taken into account. Epilepsy in Women provides a detailed guide to this challenge. The wide-ranging approach encompasses all aspects of a woman’s life including: Social and psychological impacts The impact in reproductive life Contraception Pregnancy Fetal health and long term developmental outcomes Lactation Menopause Each practical chapter begins and ends with a case study that demonstrates the more general challenge. The authors develop themes to provide clinical guidance based on evidence and experience. Written and edited by an international cast of experts, Epilepsy in Women provides crucial tips and recommendations for neurologists and gynecologists who need to be aware of the subtle effects of epilepsy on woman’s life.
Author: Lakshman Delgoda Karalliedde Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429586337 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 678
Book Description
Adverse Drug Interactions: A Handbook for Prescribers assists clinicians by providing key information on potential adverse effects that can result from prescribing two or more drugs for simultaneous use. Interactions that are likely to give rise to life-threatening conditions, and which must therefore be completely avoided, are clearly highlighted.
Author: Shiew-Mei Huang Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128198842 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 764
Book Description
Atkinson’s Principles of Clinical Pharmacology, Fourth Edition is the essential reference on the pharmacologic principles underlying the individualization of patient therapy and contemporary drug development. This well-regarded survey continues to focus on the basics of clinical pharmacology for the development, evaluation and clinical use of pharmaceutical products while also addressing the most recent advances in the field. Written by leading experts in academia, industry, clinical and regulatory settings, the fourth edition has been thoroughly updated to provide readers with an ideal reference on the wide range of important topics impacting clinical pharmacology. Presents the essential knowledge for effective practice of clinical pharmacology Includes a new chapter and extended discussion on the role of personalized and precision medicine in clinical pharmacology Offers an extensive regulatory section that addresses US and international issues and guidelines Provides extended coverage of earlier chapters on transporters, pharmacogenetics and biomarkers, along with further discussion on "Phase 0" studies (microdosing) and PBPK
Author: Muntaser E. Ibrahim Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107072026 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 351
Book Description
A pioneering work that focuses on the unique diversity of African genetics, offering insights into human biology and genetic approaches.
Author: Divya Samineni
Author: Divya Samineni
Author: Tony K. L. Kiang
Author: M. Lindsay Grayson
Author: Gail B. Mahady
Author: Riccardo Proietti
Author: Xiaodong Liu
Author: Cynthia Harden
Author: Lakshman Delgoda Karalliedde
Author: Shiew-Mei Huang
Author: Muntaser E. Ibrahim