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Author: Brian W. Stump Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
Man made and man induced seismic events associated with surface and underground mining operations produce seismic signals that might have to be identified when monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). The importance of these sources to the monitoring process depend on the size of the seismic signal they generate and the degree of similarity these signals have to that expected from a contained nuclear explosion. Under the CTBT Research and Development Program sponsored by the DOE, an experimental task has been developed with the goal of identifying the seismological characteristics of sources associated with mining operations. The complete experimental program consists of three distinct components that include: (1) Characterization of mining explosions in hard and soft rock; (2) Investigation of source depth of burial effects; and (3) Characterization of rockbursts and collapses. Items 1 and 3 in this list relate directly to signals generated by mining and compose the topic of this review. Currently, seven experiments are planned under this program with initial results from a number of these reported in other presentations at this meeting (Pearson et al., 1995; Stump et al., 1995). This paper will focus on mining operations in one of the largest coal producing basins in the US, The Powder River Basin. This review is intended to illustrate the magnitude and complexity of mining operations that might produce seismic signals of large enough magnitude to be of interest to CTBT verification.
Author: Brian W. Stump Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 10
Book Description
Man made and man induced seismic events associated with surface and underground mining operations produce seismic signals that might have to be identified when monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). The importance of these sources to the monitoring process depend on the size of the seismic signal they generate and the degree of similarity these signals have to that expected from a contained nuclear explosion. Under the CTBT Research and Development Program sponsored by the DOE, an experimental task has been developed with the goal of identifying the seismological characteristics of sources associated with mining operations. The complete experimental program consists of three distinct components that include: (1) Characterization of mining explosions in hard and soft rock; (2) Investigation of source depth of burial effects; and (3) Characterization of rockbursts and collapses. Items 1 and 3 in this list relate directly to signals generated by mining and compose the topic of this review. Currently, seven experiments are planned under this program with initial results from a number of these reported in other presentations at this meeting (Pearson et al., 1995; Stump et al., 1995). This paper will focus on mining operations in one of the largest coal producing basins in the US, The Powder River Basin. This review is intended to illustrate the magnitude and complexity of mining operations that might produce seismic signals of large enough magnitude to be of interest to CTBT verification.
Author: William R. Walter Publisher: Springer ISBN: 303488169X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 285
Book Description
In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center, and onsite inspections, to verify compliance. The problem of identifying small-magnitude banned nuclear tests and discriminating between such tests and the background of earthquakes and mining-related seismic events, is a challenging research problem. Because they emphasize CTBT verification research, the 12 papers in this special volume primarily addresses regional data recorded by a variety of arrays, broadband stations, and temporarily deployed stations. Nuclear explosions, earthquakes, mining-related explosions, mine collapses, single-charge and ripple-fired chemical explosions from Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America are all studied. While the primary emphasis is on short-period, body-wave discriminants and associated source and path corrections, research that focuses on long-period data recorded at regional and teleseismic distances is also presented Hence, these papers demonstrate how event identification research in support of CTBT monitoring has expanded in recent years to include a wide variety of event types, data types, geographic regions and statistical techniques.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309174503 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 150
Book Description
On September 24, 1996, President Clinton signed the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty at the United Nations Headquarters. Over the next five months, 141 nations, including the four other nuclear weapon statesâ€"Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdomâ€"added their signatures to this total ban on nuclear explosions. To help achieve verification of compliance with its provisions, the treaty specifies an extensive International Monitoring System of seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasonic, and radionuclide sensors. This volume identifies specific research activities that will be needed if the United States is to effectively monitor compliance with the treaty provisions.
Author: A.J. Mendecki Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 940091539X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Routine seismic monitoring in mines was introduced over 30 years ago with two main objectives in mind: • immediate location of larger seIsmIC events to guide rescue operations; • prediction of large rockmass instabilities. The first objective was achieved fairly quickly, but with the subsequent development of mine communication systems, its strategic importance has diminished. The very limited success with prediction can, at least partially, be attributed to three factors: • seismic monitoring systems based on analogue technology that provided noisy and, frequently, poorly calibrated data of limited dynamic range; • the non-quantitative description of a seismic event by at best its local magnitude; and • the resultant non-quantitative analysis of seismicity, frequently through parameters of some statistical distributions, with a somewhat loose but imaginative physical interpretation. The introduction of modern digital seismic systems to mines and progress in the theory and methods of quantitative seismology have enabled the implementation of realtime seismic monitoring as a management tool, quantifying rockmass response to mining and achieving the first tangible results with prediction. A seismic event, being a sudden inelastic deformation within the rockmass, can now routinely be quantified in terms of seismic moment, its tensor, and radiated seismic energy, so that the overall size of, and stress released at, the seismic source can be estimated.
Author: Ola Dahlman Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402068859 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 284
Book Description
Nuclear tests have caused public concern ever since the first such test was conducted, more than six decades ago. During the Cold War, however, con- tions were not conducive to discussing a complete ban on nuclear testing. It was not until 1993 that negotiations on such a treaty finally got under way. From then on, things moved relatively quickly: in 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). To date, the Treaty has been signed by 178 states and ratified by 144, though it has yet to enter into force, as nine out of 44 ‘‘Annex 2 states’’, whose ratification is mandatory, have not heeded the call. Nevertheless, the CTBT verification system is already provisionally operational and has proven its effectiveness. We commend the CTBT organisation in Vienna for its successful efforts to build a verification network. This book is an excellent overview of the evolution of the CTBT and its verification regime. The authors are eminent scholars from the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden who have been intimately involved with the CTBT and its verification agency, the CTBTO Preparatory Commission, from their inc- tion to the present day. They have written a thorough and engaging narrative of the long road that led to the CTBT. Their story will appeal to both the layman and the expert and provide useful lessons for future negotiations on disarmament issues.
Author: Brian W. Stump
Author: Brian W. Stump
Author: William R. Walter
Author: 
Author: 
Author: National Research Council
Author: A.J. Mendecki
Author: American Geophysical Union. Meeting
Author: Donald M. Baker
Author: G. Gibowicz
Author: Ola Dahlman