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Book Description
Nous sommes amenés quotidiennement à interpréter des énoncés rendus ambigus par la polysémie du lexique, l'ambivalence de certaines structures morpho-syntaxiques ou l'aspect imagé d'expressions métaphoriques. S'il nous est généralement facile de lever l'ambiguïté grâce au contexte linguistique ou pragmatique, la compréhension de ces énoncés se révèle compliquée pour des patients cérébrolésés, atteints de troubles de la compréhension. Or, si l'orthophoniste dispose d'outils d'évaluation validés permettant de tester la compréhension lexicale, syntaxique et pragmatique, aucun outil validé ne permet d'évaluer la compréhension de l'ambiguïté. Reprenant le « protocole d'évaluation de la compréhension des ambiguïtés lexicales et du langage métaphorique » élaboré par F. Pélage, nous l'avons quelque peu modifié, puis soumis à 73 personnes de 50 à 80 ans, de trois niveaux d'études différents, pour en faire l'étalonnage. Nous souhaitions quantifier d'une part les variables d'âge et de niveau d'études, et d'autre part, les variables linguistiques, telles que le contexte, la fréquence et le nombre d'acceptions pour les mots polysémiques. Notre étude a permis de conclure que certaines épreuves permettaient de mettre en valeur un effet de l'âge des sujets, et d'autres, un effet de leur niveau d'études, discriminant non pas trois, mais deux niveaux (pré et post-bac). En ce qui concerne les variables linguistiques, le contexte permet de repérer plus facilement les différentes acceptions d'un mot polysémique ; d'autre part, plus un mot comporte d'acceptions, plus il semble difficile d'accéder à la totalité de ses acceptions ; enfin, on observe un effet de la fréquence relative des homophones et des mots polysémiques monocatégoriels.
Book Description
Nous sommes amenés quotidiennement à interpréter des énoncés rendus ambigus par la polysémie du lexique, l'ambivalence de certaines structures morpho-syntaxiques ou l'aspect imagé d'expressions métaphoriques. S'il nous est généralement facile de lever l'ambiguïté grâce au contexte linguistique ou pragmatique, la compréhension de ces énoncés se révèle compliquée pour des patients cérébrolésés, atteints de troubles de la compréhension. Or, si l'orthophoniste dispose d'outils d'évaluation validés permettant de tester la compréhension lexicale, syntaxique et pragmatique, aucun outil validé ne permet d'évaluer la compréhension de l'ambiguïté. Reprenant le « protocole d'évaluation de la compréhension des ambiguïtés lexicales et du langage métaphorique » élaboré par F. Pélage, nous l'avons quelque peu modifié, puis soumis à 73 personnes de 50 à 80 ans, de trois niveaux d'études différents, pour en faire l'étalonnage. Nous souhaitions quantifier d'une part les variables d'âge et de niveau d'études, et d'autre part, les variables linguistiques, telles que le contexte, la fréquence et le nombre d'acceptions pour les mots polysémiques. Notre étude a permis de conclure que certaines épreuves permettaient de mettre en valeur un effet de l'âge des sujets, et d'autres, un effet de leur niveau d'études, discriminant non pas trois, mais deux niveaux (pré et post-bac). En ce qui concerne les variables linguistiques, le contexte permet de repérer plus facilement les différentes acceptions d'un mot polysémique ; d'autre part, plus un mot comporte d'acceptions, plus il semble difficile d'accéder à la totalité de ses acceptions ; enfin, on observe un effet de la fréquence relative des homophones et des mots polysémiques monocatégoriels.
Book Description
Le DDLEB (Ferey et Sidki, 2015) est un test de screening destiné aux orthophonistes, ayant pour objectif de pallier le manque de test normé et adapté aux braillistes. Si de nombreux déficients visuels apprennent le braille sans problèmes, certains d'entre eux présentent des difficultés à appréhender et maîtriser cet outil. Or, des difficultés de langage écrit ne découlent-t-il pas des faiblesses au niveau de la compréhension écrite Notre objectif est donc de continuer l'étalonnage fragile de ce test, mais également de le compléter qualitativement par un test de compréhension écrite. Les épreuves ajoutées sont extraites de tests existants, adaptés à la modalité tactile ; 14 enfants braillistes, âgés de 7 à 14 ans, ont été testés au travers du DDLEB complété et d'un test de perception phonémique. L'étalonnage 2015 a ainsi pu être complété. L'épreuve de compréhension semble adaptée, mais son étalonnage reste à poursuivre. Une étude statistique a mis en avant une corrélation entre la maîtrise du braille et la compréhension écrite. Enfin, une tendance des braillistes à la perception allophonique a été confirmée. Title: Continuation of the calibration of a screening test for children who read braille: addition of an extra written compréhension test.
Author: Jonathan Rutherford Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 368
Book Description
Since the mid-1980s, telecommunications and information technologies (IT) have become more intensely bound up than ever before in the social, economic, political and cultural processes and transformations which are increasingly concentrated in and between key strategic urban places across the globe. By analysing telecommunications developments in Paris and London, this book offers an explicit comparative and cross-national approach to the development of urban telecommunications infrastructures and to the development of global cities through a focus on these crucial infrastructures. engagement with the most relevant and recent debates and theories in urban studies, geography and planning. By examining differing, but parallel influences of national, urban and local contexts, processes and practices bound up in telecommunications developments, the book firmly underlines the inherently territorial basis of these developments and their multi-scalar elements and implications, all of which are being reinforced by the current stringent strategic retrenching of telecommunications operations around the globe.
Author: Ahmed Belasri Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811554447 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 659
Book Description
This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.
Author: Michael Byram Publisher: Multilingual Matters ISBN: 1847697305 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 281
Book Description
A comparative study of the impact of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages produced by the Council of Europe in 2001, this book asks writers in European countries and countries in the Americas and Asia to explain the influence of the CEFR. For each country there is a policy-maker and an academic perspective.
Author: Lawrence Hill-Cawthorne Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0191067016 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 424
Book Description
International law has long differentiated between international and non-international armed conflicts, traditionally regulating the former far more comprehensively than the latter. This is particularly stark in the case of detention, where the law of non-international armed conflict contains no rules on who may be detained, what processes must be provided to review their detention, and when they must be released. Given that non-international armed conflicts are now the most common form of conflict, this is especially worrying, and the consequences of this have been seen in the detention practices of states such as the US and UK in Iraq and Afghanistan. This book provides a comprehensive examination of the procedural rules that apply to detention in non-international armed conflict, with the focus on preventive security detention, or 'internment'. All relevant areas of international law, most notably international humanitarian law and international human rights law, are analysed in detail and the interaction between them explored. The book gives an original account of the relationship between the relevant rules of IHL and IHRL, which is firmly grounded in general international law scholarship, treating the issue as a matter of treaty interpretation. With that in mind, and with reference to State practice in specific non-international armed conflicts - including those in Sri Lanka, Colombia, Nepal, Afghanistan, and Iraq - it is demonstrated that the customary and treaty obligations of States under human rights law continue, absent derogation, to apply to detention in non-international armed conflicts. The practical operation of those rules is then explored in detail. The volume ends with a set of concrete proposals for developing the law in this area, in a manner that builds upon, rather than replaces, the existing obligations of States and non-State armed groups.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9789251028537 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 64
Author: Ruth Stavy Publisher: Teachers College Press ISBN: 9780807770412 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 148
Book Description
In this long-awaited book, Timothy J. Lensmire examines the problems and promise of progressive literacy education. He does this by developing a series of striking metaphors in which, for example, he imagines the writing workshop as a carnival or popular festival and the teacher as a novelist who writes her student-characters into more and less desirable classroom stories. Grounded in Lensmire's own and others' work in schools, Powerful Writing, Responsible Teaching makes powerful use of Bakhtin's theories of language and writing and Dewey's vision of schooling and democracy. Lensmire's book is, at once, a defense, a criticism, and a reconstruction of progressive and critical literacy approaches.
Author: Council of Europe Publisher: Council of Europe ISBN: 928717962X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 58
Book Description
The linguistic integration of migrants affects every aspect of settling in a new country (employment, health, etc.). The aim of this collection of texts is to propose a number of specific measures member states can take to help adult migrants become acquainted with the language of the host country. The main focus is on organising language courses that meet migrants’ real communication needs. It is not enough for authorities simply to consider the technical aspects of such courses, they should also design and conduct them in accordance with the fundamental values of the Council of Europe. A number of issues concerning the linguistic integration of adult migrants are presented here, beginning with the notion of linguistic integration itself. Family reunion, the nature of citizenship and the function of language tests, among others, are dealt with from the point of view of language and language use. Readers are invited to reflect on the type of language competences that need to be acquired as well as an appropriate use of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The collection also sets out approaches and instruments designed to assist in implementing effective policies.
Book Description
Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.
Author: Vanessa Raffin-Desjardins
Author: Vanessa Raffin-Desjardins
Author: Lucie Marteau
Author: Jonathan Rutherford
Author: Ahmed Belasri
Author: Michael Byram
Author: Lawrence Hill-Cawthorne
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Ruth Stavy
Author: Council of Europe
Author: Leslie Rainer