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Author: Masanori Hara Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780824787592 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 416
Book Description
Aims to provide in-depth coverage of recent advances in all important areas of polyelectrolyte research and applications. Topics covered in this text include scaling theory, dynamic light scattering, neutron scattering, biopolymers and ionomers.
Author: Masanori Hara Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780824787592 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 416
Book Description
Aims to provide in-depth coverage of recent advances in all important areas of polyelectrolyte research and applications. Topics covered in this text include scaling theory, dynamic light scattering, neutron scattering, biopolymers and ionomers.
Author: Mitsuru Nagasawa Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119057086 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics field with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. This volume explores topics from Thermodynamic Properties of Polyelectrolyte Solutions to ion-binding of polyelectrolytes. The book features: The only series of volumes available that presents the cutting edge of research in chemical physics Contributions from experts in this field of research Representative cross-section of research that questions established thinking on chemical solutions An editorial framework that makes the book an excellent supplement to an advanced graduate class in physical chemistry or chemical physics
Author: Aijie Han Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Measuring the molecular weight of polyelectrolytes and other ionic polymers has been challenging due to the strong electrostatic repulsion and other complications underlying the conventional methods. Many conventional methods developed for neutral polymers are not ideal for polyelectrolytes. Osmometry (Mn) does not apply to polyelectrolytes since the osmotic pressure is dominated by dissociated counterions. Size exclusion chromatography and static light scattering are reliable methods for neutral polymers in dilute solutions with many assumptions made for simple two-component systems. Applying these two methods to polyelectrolytes with added salt has been popular in the polyelectrolyte field. However, due to the multicomponent nature of polyelectrolyte solutions, corrections such as dn/dc at a constant chemical potential need to be accounted for to address the assumptions that were originally made for two-component systems. Measuring an accurate dn/dc under a constant chemical potential is essential for light scattering, but the data in the literature are fairly scattered. In this dissertation, we developed four methods using the scaling theory of semidilute unentangled polyelectrolyte solutions to estimate the molecular weight. We measured the correlation length ([xi]) using small-angle X-ray scattering, the specific viscosity ([eta]sp), relaxation time ([tau]) and terminal modulus (G) using rheometry, and the diffusion coefficient (D) using NMR diffusometry. All these properties can be measured with the usual precision of ±5-10%. Combining these measured properties yields the molecular weight of polyelectrolytes. In this work, five nearly monodisperse cesium polystyrene sulfonate (CsPSS) solutions without salt are studied in water, anhydrous ethylene glycol (EG) and anhydrous glycerol, to test each method. The molecular weights are also confirmed by means of static light scattering and intrinsic viscosity measurements in 0.1 M and 0.5 M NaCl aqueous solutions. We found that combining [eta]sp and [xi] relates to the weight-average degree of polymerization (Nw) as since [eta]sp exhibits slightly stronger power-law dependence on Nw than what the Rouse model expects ( ). The method combining D and [xi] yields the number-average molecular weight (Mn) as . We also found that Ferry's polydisperse Rouse model is correct: [tau] relates to NzNz+1 and the terminal modulus relates to Nw/NzNz+1 by using binary blends of narrowly distributed CsPSS/EG solutions. To test the universality of these methods tested on narrowly distributed NaPSS and CsPSS, we further extended our study in chapter 5 to various polyelectrolytes from commercial sources such as cesium poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate) (CsPAMS) or polyelectrolytes converted from neutral polymers such as quaternizing poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) and hydrolyzing sodium styrene-alt-maleic anhydride (SMA). The three methods that mainly involve correlation length measured by SAXS and [eta], [tau] and G measured by rheometry are universal for all polyelectrolytes studied with the same coefficient and power-law exponent on degree of polymerization. The method utilizing diffusion coefficient works great on narrowly distributed solutions, but more work is needed to deconvolute the dispersity effects on the curving Stejskal-Tanner plots of polydisperse polyelectrolytes. The entanglement behavior of polyelectrolyte solutions is studied using 2876 K CsPSS in three different solvents. By utilizing time-temperature superposition, we examined the entanglement dynamics of polyelectrolyte solutions over a wide frequency range for the first time. Comparing the master curves of CsPSS/glycerol to entangled neutral polymer solutions, we found that the entangled polyelectrolyte solutions behave as the entangled neutral polymer solutions. Our data also suggest the scaling theory for the entangled polyelectrolyte solutions underestimates the real entanglement concentration ce. Apparently for CsPSS the crossover to neutral polymers is quite close to the entanglement concentration.
Author: Werner-Michael Kulicke Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662107961 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
This laboratory handbook offers clear guidelines and tips for the practical everyday application of viscosimetry, as well as supplying a comprehensive companion for the interpretation of viscosimetric data from simple to complex polymer solutions.
Author: Tsetska Radeva Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1482270684 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 936
Book Description
An examination of the fundamental nature of polyelectrolytes, static and dynamic properties of salt-free and salt-added solutions, and interactions with other charged and neutral species at interfaces with applications to industry and medicine. It applies the Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation to calculate counterion distributions, electric potentia
Author: R.W. Cahn Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483287513 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 670
Book Description
To use materials effectively, their composition, degree of perfection, physical and mechanical characteristics, and microstructure must be accurately determined. This concise encyclopledia covers the wide range of characterization techniques necessary to achieve this. Articles included are not only concerned with the characterization techniques of specific materials such as polymers, metals, ceramics and semiconductors but also techniques which can be applied to materials in general. The techniques described cover bulk methods, and also a number of specific methods to study the topography and composition of surface and near-surface regions. These techniques range from the well-established and traditional to the very latest including: atomic force microscopy; confocal optical microscopy; gamma ray diffractometry; thermal wave imaging; x-ray diffraction and time-resolved techniques. This unique concise encyclopedia comprises 116 articles by leading experts in the field from around the world to create the ideal guide for materials scientists, chemists and engineers involved with any aspect of materials characterization. With over 540 illustrations, extensive cross-referencing, approximately 900 references, and a detailed index, this concise encyclopedia will be a valuable asset to any materials science collection.
Author: Masanori Hara
Author: Masanori Hara
Author: Mitsuru Nagasawa
Author: Bernard Leo Williams
Author: Aijie Han
Author: Werner-Michael Kulicke
Author: Tsetska Radeva
Author: R.W. Cahn
Author: Jack Dickstein
Author: 
Author: Henryk Eisenberg