Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Hydroxylated PCBs in Serum from U.S. Children and Their Mothers and in Sediment from a Lake Michigan Waterway PDF Download
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Author: Rachel Frances Marek Publisher: ISBN: Category : Polychlorinated biphenyls Languages : en Pages : 126
Book Description
In this dissertation I compare concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCB) in serum of children and their mothers from urban and rural U.S. communities, determine the variability of these concentrations from year to year, and report the detection of OH-PCBs in sediment from a Lake Michigan waterway and original commercial Aroclors. I developed extraction and analytical methods for the analysis of PCBs and OH-PCBs in 377 human serum samples and 20 sediment samples. I also developed a quality assurance protocol and analyzed more than 300 quality control samples for the purpose of generating an accurate, reproducible, representative, and precise data set. I found that concentrations of PCBs were much higher in mothers than their children, and concentrations of OH-PCBs were slightly higher in mothers than their children. Children were enriched in lower molecular weight PCBs indicating the importance of environmental exposure to their blood concentrations. I also determined that concentrations were similar between the urban and rural residents. These concentrations were similar to concentrations reported in the U.S. general population and other populations without high dietary PCB intake. In East Chicago and Columbus Junction participants, concentrations of OH-PCBs demonstrated a strong positive relationship with PCBs. Variability in PCB and OH-PCB concentration from the first year to the second in most participants exceeded the estimated analytical variability. Observed variability could be due to exposure differences, physiological changes such as metabolism and weight, or a combination. I also discovered the presence of OH-PCBs in the sediment from the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal (IHSC), a Lake Michigan Waterway. In a first-approach, evidence from analysis of the correlations between OH-PCBs and PCBs in the same sediment is consistent with limited biotic activity. I also report OH-PCBs as contaminants in original commercial Aroclors, and OH-PCB profile similarities between the Aroclors and sediment suggest that Aroclors are the major source of OH-PCB contamination in IHSC. This is a significant finding because OH-PCB contamination of sediment exists anywhere that PCB contamination from Aroclors is present.
Author: Rachel Frances Marek Publisher: ISBN: Category : Polychlorinated biphenyls Languages : en Pages : 126
Book Description
In this dissertation I compare concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCB) in serum of children and their mothers from urban and rural U.S. communities, determine the variability of these concentrations from year to year, and report the detection of OH-PCBs in sediment from a Lake Michigan waterway and original commercial Aroclors. I developed extraction and analytical methods for the analysis of PCBs and OH-PCBs in 377 human serum samples and 20 sediment samples. I also developed a quality assurance protocol and analyzed more than 300 quality control samples for the purpose of generating an accurate, reproducible, representative, and precise data set. I found that concentrations of PCBs were much higher in mothers than their children, and concentrations of OH-PCBs were slightly higher in mothers than their children. Children were enriched in lower molecular weight PCBs indicating the importance of environmental exposure to their blood concentrations. I also determined that concentrations were similar between the urban and rural residents. These concentrations were similar to concentrations reported in the U.S. general population and other populations without high dietary PCB intake. In East Chicago and Columbus Junction participants, concentrations of OH-PCBs demonstrated a strong positive relationship with PCBs. Variability in PCB and OH-PCB concentration from the first year to the second in most participants exceeded the estimated analytical variability. Observed variability could be due to exposure differences, physiological changes such as metabolism and weight, or a combination. I also discovered the presence of OH-PCBs in the sediment from the Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal (IHSC), a Lake Michigan Waterway. In a first-approach, evidence from analysis of the correlations between OH-PCBs and PCBs in the same sediment is consistent with limited biotic activity. I also report OH-PCBs as contaminants in original commercial Aroclors, and OH-PCB profile similarities between the Aroclors and sediment suggest that Aroclors are the major source of OH-PCB contamination in IHSC. This is a significant finding because OH-PCB contamination of sediment exists anywhere that PCB contamination from Aroclors is present.
Author: Obaid Faroon Publisher: WHO ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds, produced commercially since 1929 for use in a variety of products including plastics and adhesives, surface coatings, inks, flame retardants, pesticides and paints. PCBs are environmentally persistent, and accumulate in the food chain. They are designated by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants as persistent pollutants, and many countries have severely restricted or banned the production of PCBs. This report evaluates the effects of PCBs on human health, caused due to exposure by inhaling contaminated air or ingesting contaminated food and water.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309073219 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 451
Book Description
This book provides a risk-based framework for developing and implementing strategies to manage PCB-contaminated sediments at sites around the country. The framework has seven stages, beginning with problem definition, continuing through assessment of risks and management options, and ending with an evaluation of the success of the management strategy. At the center of the framework is continuous and active involvement of all affected parties-particularly communities-in the development, implementation, and evaluation of the management strategy. A Risk-Management Strategy for PCB-Contaminated Sediments emphasizes the need to consider all risks at a contaminated site, not just human health and ecological effects, but also the social, cultural, and economic impacts. Given the controversy that has arisen at many PCB-contaminated sites, this book provides a consistent, yet flexible, approach for dealing with the many issues associated with assessing and managing the risks at Superfund and other contaminated sites.
Author: Stephen Safe Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642705502 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been produced commercially since be fore 1930. They proved to be highly versatile mixtures and their uses continued to expand during the early 1970's even after the unanticipated world-wide en vironmental contamination had been discovered (Jensen et aI. , 1969; Koeman et aI. , 1969). Over 600,000 metric-tons were produced and/or used in the U. S. during this time and it is estimated that worldwide production totaled about 1,200,000 metric-tons (Table 1). With low acute toxicities (Fishbein, 1974), these mixtures were considered gen erally biologically inactive even though industrial exposure had demonstrated he patic and dermatological effects (Fishbein, 1974; Hansen, 1987). Thus, use and disposal were not carefully monitored and it is estimated that one-third of the world-wide production of PCBs has been released into the global environment (Table 1). Table 1. Estimated production and disposition of PCBs b U. s. a Worldwide 6 6 Production/use 610 X 10 kg 1200 X 10 kg Mobil environmental reservoir 82 400 Static reservoirs In service 340 Dumps 130 Total static 470 800 a NAS, 1979 b Tatsukawa and Tanaba, 1984 2 Environmental Distribution Many countries now impose strict controls on the use and release of PCBs. Re lease into the environment has declined dramatically in the last decade, but con tinued release from reservoirs (Table 1) into burdened ecosystems (Table 2) ap pears inevitable for several more decades (Barros et aI. , 1984).
Author: Rachel Frances Marek
Author: Rachel Frances Marek
Author: 
Author: 
Author: URS Company (Seattle, Wash.)
Author: Thomas Joseph Murphy
Author: Obaid Faroon
Author: Columbia National Fisheries Research Laboratory (U.S.)
Author: National Research Council
Author: Stephen Safe
Author: Frederick B. Gay