Políticas de protección ambiental en el siglo XXI: medidas tributarias, contaminación ambiental y empresa PDF Download

Author: Urquizu Cavallé, Ángel
Publisher: J.M Bosch
ISBN: 8494221094
Category : Law
Languages : es
Pages : 548

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Book Description
La presente monografía se articula como una guía actual de gestión medioambiental, aportando un nuevo punto de vista jurídico y económico sobre las políticas de protección ambiental. Se pretende dar una visión real y normativa de la situación medioambiental existente en el año 2013, con una amplia visión panorámica de temas y situaciones relacionadas con las políticas ambientales del siglo XXI. Así, el trabajo se ha dividido en dos partes. En la primera, se tratan las medidas tributarias ambientales adoptadas en diferentes países sobre protección medioambiental. Concretamente, se hace referencia a las medidas tributarias medioambientales en el ordenamiento jurídico argentino e italiano; al desarrollo de la tributación medioambiental en Brasil y cómo los incentivos fiscales a favor de los vehículos eléctricos pueden ser una herramienta eficaz en favor de la conciencia y responsabilidad ambiental. Además, se analiza el borrador final de la reforma tributaria ambiental en China; el fideicomiso como instrumento jurídico para la gestión ambiental; y la gestión y funcionamiento de los proyectos de MDL en los principales países emergentes.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages :

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En esta tesis se trata de resolver el grave problema del deterioro ambiental causada por las empresas ya que son las actividades industriales, dentro del conjunto de actividades degradantes, el supuesto más significativo de contaminacion ambiental. Naturalmente las empresas no van a asumir de "motu propio" el coste de las medidas de proteccion ambiental, por lo que hace necesaria la intervencion de la Administracion como garante de los intereses publicos. En su intervencion la Administracion se vale de una serie de instrumentos publicos, inspirados en el principio"quien contamina paga", cuya finalidad es modificar la conducta de los empresarios dirigiendola a la proteccion ambiental. Estos instrumentos tienen sus ventajas y sus inconvenientes, sin embargo, suponen una gran carga economica y financiera para las empresas. Es por ello que la Administracion junto a estos instrumentos, incluye medidas incentivadoras de manera transitoria pretenden prestar asistencia financiera y ayudas en general a las empresas con el fin de mejorar su actuación ambiental. Estas medidas incentivadoras o de fomento son las que centran nuestro objeto de estudio. En esta tesis analizamos en la primera parte el deber de la Administracion contenido en el articulo 45 de nuestra Constitución de defender y restaurar el medio ambiente y de velar por la utilización racional de los recursos, lo que hace ineludible su intervención, y los diferentes instrumentos publicos de politica ambiental que emplea, con sus ventajas e inconvenientes. Igualmente nos ocupamos de efectos de la implantación de estos instrumentos en el sistema economico. En la segunda parte, se aborda el tema de las medidas de fomento ambientales. Para iniciar su estudio, se analiza la acción de fomento desde una perspectiva juridica, procurando resolver desde un punto de vista juridico las numerosas dudas y problemas que se les presenta tanto a los organos gestores como a los empresarios y ciudadanos al quedar indeterminados diversos derechos y obligaciones. Posteriormente, analizamos el fundamento y justificacion de las medidas de fomento como instrumentos publicos de politica ambiental y las ventajas e inconvenientes de la utilización de estos instrumentos frente al resto, amén de detenernos en un grupo al que llamamos nuevos intrumentos de fomento como son la ecoeriqueta, la auditoria ambiental y los acuerdos voluntarios. Ademas, se realiza un extenso recorrido por los diferentes instrumentos de financiación publica ambiental, tanto Estatales, de la mano del Programa PROFIT, como de la extensa labor llevado a cabo por las comunidades Autonomas con diferentes Prograsmas y Lineas de Ayuda. Tampoco nos olvidamos de los instrumentos publicos de financiación de la Union Europea. Entre otros, estudiamos el LIFE, el unico instrumento de financiacion estrictamente ambiental, las diferentes partidas ambientales incluidas en los Fondos Estructurales y el Fondo de Cohesion y los Programas ambientales incluidos en el V Programa Marco de I+D. Junto a esto, se analiza el control que de las ayudas nacionales lleva a cabo la comision Europea de acuerdo con los articulo 87 a 89 del Tratado Constitutivo de la Comunidad Europea y las Directrices comunitarias sobre ayudas de estado en materia de proteccion del medio ambiente. En fin lo que pretendemos con esta tesis es señalar la obligacion de la Administración de proporcionarnos un marco juridico adecuado en el que se inserten mecanismos incentivadores que lleven a la industria a pensar que es rentable operar "limpiamente" y poco rentable emplear procedimientos"sucios". El problema surge en nuestro caso por la dispersión, heterogeneidad y conflictividad de la normativa que contiene las ayudas, conflictividad, cuyos cauces de propuesta de resolución esperamos haber alcanzado en la medida de lo posible.

Author: Gileni Gómez Muci
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : es
Pages : 180

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Author: Commission for Environmental Cooperation (Montréal, Québec). Secretariat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 240

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Book Description
The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.

Author: Mikael Skou Andersen
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191610089
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Book Description
When taxes are introduced on carbon and energy, and the revenue is used to reduce other taxes, will a positive effect be achieved both for the environment and for the economy? In 1990 Finland was the first country to introduce a tax on CO2. Later, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Slovenia, Germany and the UK followed suit with tax reforms that shifted taxation from labour to carbon and energy. Over the years, CO2 and energy taxes have gradually been raised, so that in Europe taxes of more than 25 billion Euros a year have been shifted. This book examines carbon-energy taxation in detail and looks at tax shifting programmes for lowering other taxes. It offers extensive analysis on the basis of historical data and seeks to answer important questions for policy-making, such as: What was the impact of tax shifting for economic performance and competitiveness? By how much were emissions of CO2 reduced? Could energy-intensive industries cut further down on their fuel demand or did they loose market shares? To what extent was there 'leakage' from Europe, so that production and CO2 emissions were shifted to other countries or regions without CO2-abatement policy? The use of unique and original data, including sector-specific energy prices and taxes, as well as the use of advanced statistical techniques, such as co-integration analysis and panel-regression techniques along with the time-series estimated macro-economic model E3ME, make this a truly comprehensive volume. On the basis of the lessons learned in Europe, this volume indicates how carbon-energy taxation could usefully be combined with emissions trading, and discusses implications for future international climate policy, including how the IPCC recommendations for a gradual escalation in carbon price could be accomplished while preventing carbon leakage.

Author: Nora Clichevsky
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781558441491
Category : Land use, Urban
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Vacant urban land--the product of land market activity, the actions of private agents, and the policies of public agents--is an important challenge for policy makers. Vacant lots on the urban fringe and in central and interstitial areas have affected growth patterns in Latin America. Contributors to this book analyze the problems and opportunities related to vacant urban land in five cities: Buenos Aires, Argentina; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Quito, Ecuador; Lima, Perú; and San Salvador, El Salvador.

Author: Daniel M. Brooks
Publisher: IUCN
ISBN: 9782831704227
Category : Acrocodia
Languages : en
Pages : 176

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Book Description
Descended from a long and ancient lineage, tapirs are important tropical forest seed dispersers. However, today, all species of tapirs are threatened to various degrees by habitat destruction and hunting. This action plan was written with wildlife biologists, ecologists, administrators, educators and local conservation officials in mind and is aimed at those countries with tapir populations. It provides a brief natural history of each species and its objective is to aid in their conservation by catalyzing conservation action. In addition, it is hoped that the contents of the plan will stimulate further research into this fascinating group of animals.

Author: Patrick Schröder
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429783698
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 239

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Book Description
The circular economy is a policy approach and business strategy that aims to improve resource productivity, promote sustainable consumption and production and reduce environmental impacts. This book examines the relevance of the circular economy in the context of developing countries, something which to date is little understood. This volume highlights examples of circular economy practices in developing country contexts in relation to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), informal sector recycling and national policy approaches. It examines a broad range of case studies, including Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, South Africa, and Thailand, and illustrates how the circular economy can be used as a new lens and possible solution to cross-cutting development issues of pollution and waste, employment, health, urbanisation and green industrialisation. In addition to more technical and policy oriented contributions, the book also critically discusses existing narratives and pathways of the circular economy in the global North and South, and how these differ or possibly even conflict with each other. Finally, the book critically examines under what conditions the circular economy will be able to reduce global inequalities and promote human development in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. Presenting a unique social sciences perspective on the circular economy discourse, this book is relevant to students and scholars studying sustainability in economics, business studies, environmental politics and development studies.

Author: Chi-Sing Man
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781402018282
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 918

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Book Description
Through his voluminous and in?uential writings, editorial activities, organi- tional leadership, intellectual acumen, and strong sense of history, Clifford - brose Truesdell III (1919–2000) was the main architect for the renaissance of - tional continuum mechanics since the middle of the twentieth century. The present collection of 42 essays and research papers pays tribute to this man of mathematics, science, and natural philosophy as well as to his legacy. The ?rst ?ve essays by B. D. Coleman, E. Giusti, W. Noll, J. Serrin, and D. Speiser were texts of addresses given by their authors at the Meeting in memory of Clifford Truesdell, which was held in Pisa in November 2000. In these essays the reader will ?nd personal reminiscences of Clifford Truesdell the man and of some of his activities as scientist, author, editor, historian of exact sciences, and principal founding member of the Society for Natural Philosophy. The bulk of the collection comprises 37 research papers which bear witness to the Truesdellian legacy. These papers cover a wide range of topics; what ties them together is the rational spirit. Clifford Truesdell, in his address upon receipt of a Birkhoff Prize in 1978, put the essence of modern continuum mechanics succinctly as “conceptual analysis, analysis not in the sense of the technical term but in the root meaning: logical criticism, dissection, and creative scrutiny.

Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 728

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Book Description
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.