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Author: Peru Jena Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401726450 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1414
Book Description
Recent innovations in experimental techniques such as molecular and cluster beam epitaxy, supersonic jet expansion, matrix isolation and chemical synthesis are increasingly enabling researchers to produce materials by design and with atomic dimension. These materials constrained by sire, shape, and symmetry range from clusters containing as few as two atoms to nanoscale materials consisting of thousands of atoms. They possess unique structuraI, electronic, magnetic and optical properties that depend strongly on their size and geometry. The availability of these materials raises many fundamental questions as weIl as technological possibilities. From the academic viewpoint, the most pertinent question concerns the evolution of the atomic and electronic structure of the system as it grows from micro clusters to crystals. At what stage, for example, does the cluster look as if it is a fragment of the corresponding crystal. How do electrons forming bonds in micro-clusters transform to bands in solids? How do the size dependent properties change from discrete quantum conditions, as in clusters, to boundary constrained bulk conditions, as in nanoscale materials, to bulk conditions insensitive to boundaries? How do the criteria of classification have to be changed as one goes from one size domain to another? Potential for high technological applications also seem to be endless. Clusters of otherwise non-magnetic materials exhibit magnetic behavior when constrained by size, shape, and dimension. NanoscaIe metal particles exhibit non-linear opticaI properties and increased mechanical strength. SimiIarly, materials made from nanoscale ceramic particIes possess plastic behavior.
Author: Peru Jena Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401726450 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1414
Book Description
Recent innovations in experimental techniques such as molecular and cluster beam epitaxy, supersonic jet expansion, matrix isolation and chemical synthesis are increasingly enabling researchers to produce materials by design and with atomic dimension. These materials constrained by sire, shape, and symmetry range from clusters containing as few as two atoms to nanoscale materials consisting of thousands of atoms. They possess unique structuraI, electronic, magnetic and optical properties that depend strongly on their size and geometry. The availability of these materials raises many fundamental questions as weIl as technological possibilities. From the academic viewpoint, the most pertinent question concerns the evolution of the atomic and electronic structure of the system as it grows from micro clusters to crystals. At what stage, for example, does the cluster look as if it is a fragment of the corresponding crystal. How do electrons forming bonds in micro-clusters transform to bands in solids? How do the size dependent properties change from discrete quantum conditions, as in clusters, to boundary constrained bulk conditions, as in nanoscale materials, to bulk conditions insensitive to boundaries? How do the criteria of classification have to be changed as one goes from one size domain to another? Potential for high technological applications also seem to be endless. Clusters of otherwise non-magnetic materials exhibit magnetic behavior when constrained by size, shape, and dimension. NanoscaIe metal particles exhibit non-linear opticaI properties and increased mechanical strength. SimiIarly, materials made from nanoscale ceramic particIes possess plastic behavior.
Author: Gustavo Martinez-mekler Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814500364 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
This book deals with a series of topics on the cutting edge of nonlinear science, striking a balance between theory and experiment. It consists of two innovative introductory presentations on dynamical systems and fluid dynamics and six chapters on advanced research. A nontrivial interrelation between the different topics becomes apparent throughout the book as an indication of the underlying unity and genericity of nonlinear phenomena. There is a continuous emphasis on conceptual issues often introduced via concrete examples. A common feature is that most of the systems under study are extended, nonhomogeneous and far from equilibrium. The book also exhibits an interesting interplay between deterministic and stochastic approaches.
Author: Klaus Sattler Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780878497478 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
It is now some 15 years since atomic clusters were first produced and investigated in laboratories. Since then, knowledge concerning clusters has enjoyed rapid and sustained growth, and cluster research has become a new branch of science.
Author: Vinod Wadhawan Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9789056992866 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 768
Book Description
Ferroic materials are important, not only because of the improved understanding of condensed matter, but also because of their present and potential device applications. This book presents a unified description of ferroic materials at an introductory level, with the unifying factor being the occurrence of nondisruptive phase transitions in crystals that alter point-group symmetry. The book also aims to further systemitize the subject of ferroic materials, employing some formal, carefully worded, definitions and classification schemes. The basic physical principles leading to the wide-ranging applications of ferroic materials are also explained, while placing extra emphasis on the utilitarian role of symmetry in materials science.
Author: G.C. Hadjipanayis Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 940111076X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 806
Book Description
Nanophase Materials is the first and, as yet, the only comprehensive book published in this new and exciting area of materials science. It gives a broad overview of the revolutionary new field of nanophase materials; a view which spans the materials, physics, and chemistry research communities at a tutorial level that is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and experts or would-be experts in the science of nanostructured materials. The articles are authored by many of the world's most prominent scientists in this field. The book covers the diverse methods for synthesizing nanophase materials, a variety of subsequent processing methodologies, what is known about the structures of these materials on various length scales from atomic to macroscopic, and the properties of these unique and novel materials. The materials properties covered are mechanical, electronic, optical, and magnetic and hence span a wide range of important new opportunities for technological applications.
Author: Vijay Kumar Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642804780 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 448
Book Description
It is about fifteen years since we started hearing about Computational Ma terials Science and Materials Modelling and Design. Fifteen years is a long time and all of us realise that the use of computational methods in the design of materials has not been rapid enough. We also know the reasons for this. Mate rials properties are not dependent on a single phenomenon. The properties of materials cover a wide range from electronic, thermal, mechanical to chemical and electro-chemical. Each of these class of properties depend on specific phe nomenon that takes place at different scales or levels of length from sub atomic to visible length levels. The energies controlling the phenomena also varies widely from a fraction of an electron volt to many joules. The complexity of materials are such that while models and methods for treating individual phenomenon have been perfected, incorporating them into a single programme taking into account the synergism is a formidable task. Two specific areas where the progress has been very rapid and substantive are prediction of phase stability and phase diagrams and embrittlement of steels by metalloids. The first three sections of the book contain papers which review the theoreti cal principles underlying materials modeling and simulations and show how they can be applied to the problems just mentioned. There is now a strong interest in designing new materials starting from nanoparticles and clusters.
Author: Zinetula Insepov Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 143987543X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
Cluster Ion-Solid Interactions: Theory, Simulation, and Experiment provides an overview of various concepts in cluster physics and related topics in physics, including the fundamentals and tools underlying novel cluster ion beam technology. The material is based on the author's highly regarded courses at Kyoto University, Purdue University, the Mos
Author: L.J. Farrugia Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401101337 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 365
Book Description
The analogy between the chemistry of molecular transition metal clusters and the processes of chemisorption and catalysis at metal surfaces (the Cluster Surface analogy) has for a number of years provided an interplay between experimental and theoretical inorganic and physical chemists. This collaborative approach has born fruit in the use of well defined modes of metal-ligand bonding in discrete molecular clusters, models for metal-ligand binding on surfaces. Some of the key topics discussed in The Synergy between Dynamics and Reactivity at Clusters and Surfaces are: (1) Mechanisms of the fluxional behaviour in clusters in the liquid phase and the connections with diffusion processes on extended surfaces. The role of metal-metal bond breaking in diffusion. (2) Analogies in the structure of chemisorbed species and related ligands on metallic clusters. (3) Analogies between benzene surface chemistry on extended metal surfaces and on metal surfaces in molecular cluster compounds with particular reference to structural distortions. (4) The role of mobile precursors for dissociation of chemisorption on extended metals and on clusters. Are there analogies in the ligand attachment during cluster compound synthesis? (5) The role of defect sites on metal surfaces in catalyzing chemical reactions and the connection to the special bonding properties of sites on metal clusters having lowest metal-metal coordination. (6) The size of metal clusters needed to mimic surface phenomena on bulk metal surfaces. Different sites needed for different phenomena.
Author: Peru Jena
Author: Peru Jena
Author: Gustavo Martinez-mekler
Author: Klaus Sattler
Author: Vinod Wadhawan
Author: G.C. Hadjipanayis
Author: Vijay Kumar
Author: Zinetula Insepov
Author: L.J. Farrugia
Author: T.P. Martin
Author: Joseph M. Ranish