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Author: Cesare Gargioli Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889459985 Category : Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Extracellular Matrix (ECM) has been considered for a long time merely a scaffold sustaining cell and tissue function. Despite this simplistic view shared by many, nowadays ECM and their mechanic-physical and chemical characteristic acquired a progressive larger role actively regulating cell life: survival, proliferation, gene expression and differentiation. The interplay between cells and the ECM is continuously controlled at the cell level in a dynamic way. While cells synthesize the raw components of the ECM, this in turn impacts on cell function by providing chemical, topographical and mechanical hints. Such stimuli have been proven to control several aspects of cell function, including survival, proliferation, differentiation and migration. The molecular pathways activated by cells in response to the physical cues arising from the ECM are being disclosed and thus the possibility to control cell function through materials design is becoming more realistic. Current in vitro protocols, relying in 2D cell culture system, entail reductionist approaches to the complexity of cell-ECM interaction and result in cells rapidly losing their distinctive functions in culture. Understanding and replicating the 3D microenvironmental cues affecting cell function appears as a mandatory requirement for the development of next-generation biomaterials, as well as for the establishment of more physiologically relevant and predictive in vitro models of diseases. Such an effort will require a multidisciplinary approach at the convergence of biophysics, biology, nanotechnology, and bioengineering.
Author: Cesare Gargioli Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889459985 Category : Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Extracellular Matrix (ECM) has been considered for a long time merely a scaffold sustaining cell and tissue function. Despite this simplistic view shared by many, nowadays ECM and their mechanic-physical and chemical characteristic acquired a progressive larger role actively regulating cell life: survival, proliferation, gene expression and differentiation. The interplay between cells and the ECM is continuously controlled at the cell level in a dynamic way. While cells synthesize the raw components of the ECM, this in turn impacts on cell function by providing chemical, topographical and mechanical hints. Such stimuli have been proven to control several aspects of cell function, including survival, proliferation, differentiation and migration. The molecular pathways activated by cells in response to the physical cues arising from the ECM are being disclosed and thus the possibility to control cell function through materials design is becoming more realistic. Current in vitro protocols, relying in 2D cell culture system, entail reductionist approaches to the complexity of cell-ECM interaction and result in cells rapidly losing their distinctive functions in culture. Understanding and replicating the 3D microenvironmental cues affecting cell function appears as a mandatory requirement for the development of next-generation biomaterials, as well as for the establishment of more physiologically relevant and predictive in vitro models of diseases. Such an effort will require a multidisciplinary approach at the convergence of biophysics, biology, nanotechnology, and bioengineering.
Author: Derek Bolton Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3030118991 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 149
Book Description
This open access book is a systematic update of the philosophical and scientific foundations of the biopsychosocial model of health, disease and healthcare. First proposed by George Engel 40 years ago, the Biopsychosocial Model is much cited in healthcare settings worldwide, but has been increasingly criticised for being vague, lacking in content, and in need of reworking in the light of recent developments. The book confronts the rapid changes to psychological science, neuroscience, healthcare, and philosophy that have occurred since the model was first proposed and addresses key issues such as the model’s scientific basis, clinical utility, and philosophical coherence. The authors conceptualise biology and the psychosocial as in the same ontological space, interlinked by systems of communication-based regulatory control which constitute a new kind of causation. These are distinguished from physical and chemical laws, most clearly because they can break down, thus providing the basis for difference between health and disease. This work offers an urgent update to the model’s scientific and philosophical foundations, providing a new and coherent account of causal interactions between the biological, the psychological and social.
Author: L. Baèáková Publisher: ISBN: 9781604568875 Category : Biomedical materials Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Cell-material interface plays a key role in the interaction of cells with artificial materials designed for construction of body implants or tissue engineering. Physical and chemical properties of the material surface, such as its polarity, wettability, electrical charge and conductivity, roughness and morphology, rigidity or elasticity as well as the presence of various chemical functional groups, strongly influence the cell adhesion. The latter is mediated by adsorption of cell adhesion-mediating molecules (eg: vitronectin, fibronectin, collagen, laminin, fibrinogen) from the serum of the culture medium or body fluids in appropriate spatial conformation or flexibility enabling the accessibility of specific sites on these molecules (eg: certain amino acid sequences or saccharide-based ligands) by adhesion receptors on the cell membrane (eg: integrins). After binding these ligands, the adhesion receptors are recruited into focal adhesion plaques, where they associate with cascades of various structural and signalling molecules, such as cytoskeletal proteins and kinases. By these cascades, the signal provided by the cell-material interaction is delivered to the cell nucleus. It influences the gene expression, and thus the further behavior of cells, manifested by their viability, synthesis of various molecules, proliferation, differentiation, functioning, immune activation, stress adaptation or cell death. This interdisciplinary review involves: (i) physical modifications of the material surface by plasma discharge, irradiation with ions or ultraviolet light and effects of these modifications on the surface wettability, electrical conductivity and formation of chemical functional groups influencing cell adhesion, (ii) deposition of organic or inorganic layers on the material surfaces, especially those nanostructured (eg: nanofibers of fibrin and extracellular matrix molecules, carbon nanoparticles, such as nanodiamonds, fullerenes and nanotubes, nanocomposite metal/C:H layers), (iii) functionalisation of the material surface with amino acids and oligopeptidic ligands for cell adhesion receptors (e.g., GRGDSG), (iv) effect of all these modifications on the extent and strength of adhesion of vascular and bone-derived cells, cell proliferation activity, switch between cell proliferation and differentiation, expression of cell-type specific markers of differentiation and other cell functions.
Author: A. Ehrenberg Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 148322676X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 441
Book Description
Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Volume 9 is a collection of manuscripts presented at the Second International Conference on Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, held in Wenner-Gren Center, Stockholm, Sweden on June 1966. The conference is sponsored by International Union of Biochemistry Swedish Medical Research Council Swedish Natural Science Research Council Wenner-Gren Center Foundation for Scientific Research. This book contains 51 chapters, and begins with reviews of NMR investigations of biological macromolecules, including proteins, amino acids, and glycylglycine copper (II). Considerable chapters are devoted to numerous biological studies using the electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR), thus introducing the branch of science called submolecular biology. This book also explores other applications of NMR and EPR, with special emphasis on blood component analysis and protein-metal complexes. The final chapters survey the principles and applications of Mössbauer spectroscopy. This book will prove useful to analytical chemists and biologists.
Author: John T. Landrum Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420052314 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 562
Book Description
Carotenoids are of great interest due to their essential biological functions in both plants and animals. However, the properties and functions of carotenoids in natural systems are surprisingly complex. With an emphasis on the chemical aspects of these compounds, Carotenoids: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Functions and Properties presents a b
Author: Nina Parker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 3250
Book Description
Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs. This is an adaptation of Microbiology by OpenStax. You can access the textbook as pdf for free at openstax.org. Minor editorial changes were made to ensure a better ebook reading experience. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author: Hugh Chisholm Publisher: ISBN: Category : Encyclopedias and dictionaries Languages : en Pages : 1090
Book Description
This eleventh edition was developed during the encyclopaedia's transition from a British to an American publication. Some of its articles were written by the best-known scholars of the time and it is considered to be a landmark encyclopaedia for scholarship and literary style.
Author: Ron Milo Publisher: Garland Science ISBN: 1317230698 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
A Top 25 CHOICE 2016 Title, and recipient of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title (OAT) Award. How much energy is released in ATP hydrolysis? How many mRNAs are in a cell? How genetically similar are two random people? What is faster, transcription or translation?Cell Biology by the Numbers explores these questions and dozens of others provid
Author: Cesare Gargioli
Author: Cesare Gargioli
Author: Bruce Alberts
Author: Derek Bolton
Author: L. Baèáková
Author: A. Ehrenberg
Author: J. Gordon Betts
Author: John T. Landrum
Author: Nina Parker
Author: Hugh Chisholm
Author: Ron Milo