Physical and Chemical Weathering in Geochemical Cycles PDF Download

Author: A. Lerman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400930712
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 385

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Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Aussois, France, September 4-15, 1985

Author: Butcher
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080954707
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 402

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Global biogeochemical cycles

Author: Juan-Luis Lechuga-Crespo (docteur en sciences de l'univers).)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The biogeochemical cycles will suffer impacts derived from global change hazards. Understanding and assessing the processes controlling the matter movement between reservoirs is critical to help on natural resource management. Rock weathering controls the amount of inorganic matter released to aquatic environments, which is eventually routed through rivers to oceans or lakes. However, the evaluation of these fluxes across spatial and temporal scales is challenging because of the number of factors involved. In this sense, the objective of this PhD thesis is to evaluate the role of chemical weathering on biogeochemical cycling at different spatial and temporal scales. Mainly, we have aimed at a) identifying the main drivers of chemical weathering at the global scale, b) developing a simple tool to estimate ionic fluxes derived from chemical weathering of rocks, c) evaluate downscaling capabilities of the model at the river basin scale, and d) estimate the impact of chemical weathering on the global carbon cycle. In the present PhD thesis, we have assessed the riverine exports of 1751 rivers to measure the role of hydrology, lithology, and soil on the different ionic fluxes released through chemical weathering of rocks. Such assessment allowed us to develop a simple model and apply it at the global scale to estimate a snapshot of the total amount (3374·106 Mg·y-1) of matter released by rocks, and characterise it among the major ion constituents, being 58% Ca2+, 24% Na+, 15% Mg2+, and 3% K+ of the total cation flux, and 74% alkalinity, 18% SO42-, and 8% Cl- for the total anion flux. Besides, an assessment of the geochemical processes governing the water major ion composition and dissolved loadings at a local case study (Deba river basin, Gipuzkoa, North Spain) has provided a framework to test the local performance of the model. The application of the model at the local scale has let the coupling of this simple equation to the SWAT model, which permitted the study of the capabilities and limitations of the model in estimating the daily geochemical loadings in a heterogeneous geological context affected by evaporitic springs. Once evaluated at the local scale, a dynamic application of the model at the global scale has allowed the assessment of the role of chemical weathering in the carbon sequestration under two climate change scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). According to our simulations, the potential shifts in the global hydrological balance will increase C uptake by chemical weathering in an 8 to 13% by the 2069-2099 period, depending on the scenario studied. The results from this PhD thesis have allowed us to evaluate the role of chemical weathering on the carbon cycle at the global scale. Future research should be focused on the configuration of the model, by including physical weathering in its configuration and assessing the local effect of variables such as temperature and land-use change.

Author: George M. Reeves
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 9781862391840
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 568

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Book Description
Concluding the trilogy on geological materials in construction, this authoritative volume reviews many uses of clays, ranging from simple fills to sophisticated products. Comprehensive and international coverage is achieved by an expert team, including geologists, engineers and architects. Packed with information prepared for a wide readership, this unique handbook is also copiously illustrated. The volume is dedicated to the memory of Professor Sir Alec Skempton. Various definitions of 'clay' are explored. Clay mineralogy is described, plus the geological formation of clay deposits and their fundamental materials properties. World and British clay deposits are reviewed and explained. New compositional data are provided for clay formations throughout the stratigraphic column. Investigative techniques and interpretation are considered, ranging from site exploration to laboratory assessment of composition and engineering performance. Major civil engineering applications are addressed, including earthworks, earthmoving and specialized roles utilizing clays. Traditional earthen building is included and shown to dominate construction in places. Clay-based construction materials are detailed, including bricks, ceramics and cements. The volume also includes a comprehensive glossary.

Author: Matthew J. Colon
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781613242803
Category : Weathering
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Weathering is an important phenomenon of the geochemical cycle as it contributes to the relief formation. It corresponds to a general term applied to physical and chemical changes suffered by rocks as a consequence of their exposition to different conditions of humidity and temperature. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the types, processes and effects of weathering. Topics discussed include the use of weathering indices in rock research; geomorphic processes in the last glacial age; understanding chemical weathering in affecting the Earth's surface; weathering of dimensional granite stones used as cladding and the weathering process and desert pavement development.

Author: Allen Hunt
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119563968
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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Book Description
Explores soil as a nexus for water, chemicals, and biologically coupled nutrient cycling Soil is a narrow but critically important zone on Earth's surface. It is the interface for water and carbon recycling from above and part of the cycling of sediment and rock from below. Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation places chemical weathering and soil formation in its geological, climatological, biological and hydrological perspective. Volume highlights include: The evolution of soils over 3.25 billion years Basic processes contributing to soil formation How chemical weathering and soil formation relate to water and energy fluxes The role of pedogenesis in geomorphology Relationships between climate soils and biota Soils, aeolian deposits, and crusts as geologic dating tools Impacts of land-use change on soils The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the Editors

Author: Katerina Dontsova
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119413303
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336

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Book Description
Elements move through Earth's critical zone along interconnected pathways that are strongly influenced by fluctuations in water and energy. The biogeochemical cycling of elements is inextricably linked to changes in climate and ecological disturbances, both natural and man-made. Biogeochemical Cycles: Ecological Drivers and Environmental Impact examines the influences and effects of biogeochemical elemental cycles in different ecosystems in the critical zone. Volume highlights include: Impact of global change on the biogeochemical functioning of diverse ecosystems Biological drivers of soil, rock, and mineral weathering Natural elemental sources for improving sustainability of ecosystems Links between natural ecosystems and managed agricultural systems Non-carbon elemental cycles affected by climate change Subsystems particularly vulnerable to global change The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Book Review: http://www.elementsmagazine.org/archives/e16_6/e16_6_dep_bookreview.pdf

Author: J.I. Drever
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080547591
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 645

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Volume 5 has several objectives. The first is to present an overview of the composition of surface and ground waters on the continents and the mechanisms that control the compositions. The second is to present summaries of the tools and methodologies used in modern studies of the geochemistry of surface and ground waters. The third is to present information on the role of weathering and soil formation in geochemical cycles: weathering affects the chemistry of the atmosphere through uptake of carbon dioxide and oxygen, and paleosols (preserved soils in the rock record) provide information on the composition of the atmosphere in the geological past. Reprinted individual volume from the acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry (10 Volume Set, ISBN 0-08-043751-6, published in 2003). Present an overview of the composition of surface and ground waters on the continents and the mechanisms that control the compositions Provides summaries of the tools and methodologies used in modern studies of the geochemistry of surface and ground waters Features information on the role of weathering and soil formation in geochemical cycles Contains information on the composition of the atmosphere in the geological past Reprinted individual volume from the acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry, 10 volume set

Author: Michael Jacobson
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080530648
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 550

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Book Description
Over the last decade, the study of cycles as a model for the earth's changing climate has become a new science. Earth Systems Science is the basis for understanding all aspects of anthropogenic global change, such as chemically forced global climate change. The work is aimed at those students interested in the emerging scientific discipline.Earth Systems Science is an integrated discipline that has been rapidly developing over the last two decades. New information is included in this updated edition so that the text remains relevant. This volume contains five new chapters, but of special importance is the inclusion of an expanded set of student exercises.The two senior authors are leading scientists in their fields and have been awarded numerous prizes for their research efforts. * First edition was widely adopted* Authors are highly respected in their field* Global climate change, integral to the book, is now one of the most important issues in atmospheric sciences and oceanography

Author: Pedro José Depetris
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400777175
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 98

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Book Description
In this monograph the authors present an overview of the state-of-the-art and use examples or case histories to illustrate the combined role of rock decay and rivers on continental denudation. The Earth’s surface dynamics would not be conceivable without the fundamental component of rock weathering and the subsequent transport of solid debris and dissolved components to the coastal ocean through riverine drainage pathways. In other words, continental wear away is highly dependent on the mechanisms that control mineral decay. Moreover, besides the significant role played by rivers in shaping the Earth’s outer skin, there is the important function that rivers perform in all geochemical cycles, mediating between the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the biosphere and the hydrosphere. Drainage basins and the weathering of rocks that occur therein may be significant sources (or sinks) of carbon dioxide and, hence, play a significant role in affecting the Earth’s climate.