Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Biogeography, Character Evolution, and Species Delimitation in the Ant Genus Temnothorax (Hymenoptera : Formicidae), with a Focus on the Salvini Clade PDF Download
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Author: Matthew McIvor Prebus Publisher: ISBN: 9780438931428 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In this study, I investigate the phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of the species-rich, Holarctic ant genus Temnothorax (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), with a special focus on the species of the salvini clade, which is established in Chapter 1. Furthermore, I analyze the evolution of behavioral traits in the genus overall, and infer species delimitations in the salvini species group, which is established in Chapter 2. Chapter 1 is a global phylogeny of Temnothorax, in which I use a combination of Sanger sequencing data, ultraconserved elements data, and morphological data to establish seven large clades within the genus. I analyze the historical biogeography of Temnothorax and find that the crown group likely arose in the Nearctic region at the Eocene-Oligocene transition, about 35 million years ago, coinciding with ancient global cooling. Moreover, I find that social parasitism arose several times independently within Temnothorax, as did arboreality. In Chapter 2 I re-estimate the phylogeny of Temnothorax using sequences from ultraconserved elements data, expand on the taxon sampling from Chapter 1, and reexamine the phylogeny in light of historical subgeneric classification systems. I find that the historical systems are inadequate and establish a two-tiered classification system based on the informal ranks “major clades” and “species groups”. Additionally, I establish species groups within the newly established salvini clade and infer species delimitations in the newly established salvini species group using a combination of model-based approaches with molecular data and morphometric analysis. Chapter 3 is a species-level taxonomic revision of the salvini clade of Temnothorax. In this part of the study, I review 61 species, 34 of which are described as new. I provide a key to all clades of Temnothorax in the New World, as well as a key to all species, and diagnosis, of the salvini clade. Finally, I redescribe all previously named species of the salvini clade and compile natural history observations of the species.
Author: Matthew McIvor Prebus Publisher: ISBN: 9780438931428 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In this study, I investigate the phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of the species-rich, Holarctic ant genus Temnothorax (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), with a special focus on the species of the salvini clade, which is established in Chapter 1. Furthermore, I analyze the evolution of behavioral traits in the genus overall, and infer species delimitations in the salvini species group, which is established in Chapter 2. Chapter 1 is a global phylogeny of Temnothorax, in which I use a combination of Sanger sequencing data, ultraconserved elements data, and morphological data to establish seven large clades within the genus. I analyze the historical biogeography of Temnothorax and find that the crown group likely arose in the Nearctic region at the Eocene-Oligocene transition, about 35 million years ago, coinciding with ancient global cooling. Moreover, I find that social parasitism arose several times independently within Temnothorax, as did arboreality. In Chapter 2 I re-estimate the phylogeny of Temnothorax using sequences from ultraconserved elements data, expand on the taxon sampling from Chapter 1, and reexamine the phylogeny in light of historical subgeneric classification systems. I find that the historical systems are inadequate and establish a two-tiered classification system based on the informal ranks “major clades” and “species groups”. Additionally, I establish species groups within the newly established salvini clade and infer species delimitations in the newly established salvini species group using a combination of model-based approaches with molecular data and morphometric analysis. Chapter 3 is a species-level taxonomic revision of the salvini clade of Temnothorax. In this part of the study, I review 61 species, 34 of which are described as new. I provide a key to all clades of Temnothorax in the New World, as well as a key to all species, and diagnosis, of the salvini clade. Finally, I redescribe all previously named species of the salvini clade and compile natural history observations of the species.
Author: Yunheng Ji Publisher: ISBN: 9789811579042 Category : Paris (Plants) Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This book provides essential information on the morphology, biology, phytochemistry, pharmaceutical prospects, evolution, phylogeny, biogeography, and taxonomy of Paris (Melanthiaceae), a morphologically distinctive plant genus with great economic importance. Since the establishment of this genus, 70 species and 24 subspecific taxa have been described, resulting in considerable confusion in species delimitation. In this book, the taxonomy of all described taxa is carefully revised. Based on multi-disciplinary evidences, a revised classification system of Paris containing five sections is outlined. Every species is provided with a concise but diagnostic description, a color illustration, photographs that highlight distinguishing characters, examined specimens and distribution range. The interspecific relationships are clarified with an identification key. This monograph offers taxonomists, evolutionary biologists, ecologists, horticulturalists, phytochemists, and practitioners a thorough and up-to-date overview about this interesting plant group. It is equally valuable for undergraduate and graduate students, teachers and professionals engaged in related fields.
Author: Dalip Kumar Upreti Publisher: Springer ISBN: 8132222350 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
This book discusses in detail molecular, mycobiont culture, biomonitoring and bioprospection of lichens, providing insights into advances in different fields of lichenology by applying modern techniques and approaches and examining how their application has enhanced or changed classical approaches. It offers a valuable resource, especially for beginners, students and researchers from different academic backgrounds interested in the study of lichens. In recent years, the introduction of modern analytical techniques and approaches has significantly improved our understanding of the environment, including lichens. Lichens are unique organisms which possess untapped potential as effective and reliable bioindicators, sources of therapeutic phytochemicals, and as excellent extremophiles. The unique and peculiar characteristics of lichens underline the need for a multidimensional approach to explore their potential in various fields of environment science, botany and chemistry. Modern techniques, especially molecular techniques, have greatly enriched the field of lichen taxonomy and its position in the plant kingdom, revealing little-known species and exploring their evolutionary history, while multivariate analysis and GIS approaches have established lichens as an ideal and reliable tool for monitoring air pollution. Advanced culture techniques have expanded the pharmacological applications of lichens, which was formerly restricted due to their small biomass. The advent of sophisticated analytical instrumentation has now facilitated the isolation and characterization of lichens’ bioactive constituents, even in lower concentrations, as well as the estimation of their stress responses at different levels of pollution. As lichen diversity is adversely affected by increasing air pollution, there is a pressing need to develop effective management practices to conserve, restore and document lichen diversity.
Author: Lori Lach Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199544638 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 429
Book Description
The incredible global diversity of ants, and their important ecological roles, mean that we cannot ignore the significance of ants in ecological systems. Ant Ecology takes the reader on a journey of discovery from the beginnings of ants many hundreds of thousands of years ago, through to the makings of present day distributions.
Author: Dalip Kumar Upreti Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9788132229568 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This book discusses in detail molecular, mycobiont culture, biomonitoring and bioprospection of lichens, providing insights into advances in different fields of lichenology by applying modern techniques and approaches and examining how their application has enhanced or changed classical approaches. It offers a valuable resource, especially for beginners, students and researchers from different academic backgrounds interested in the study of lichens. In recent years, the introduction of modern analytical techniques and approaches has significantly improved our understanding of the environment, including lichens. Lichens are unique organisms which possess untapped potential as effective and reliable bioindicators, sources of therapeutic phytochemicals, and as excellent extremophiles. The unique and peculiar characteristics of lichens underline the need for a multidimensional approach to explore their potential in various fields of environment science, botany and chemistry. Modern techniques, especially molecular techniques, have greatly enriched the field of lichen taxonomy and its position in the plant kingdom, revealing little-known species and exploring their evolutionary history, while multivariate analysis and GIS approaches have established lichens as an ideal and reliable tool for monitoring air pollution. Advanced culture techniques have expanded the pharmacological applications of lichens, which was formerly restricted due to their small biomass. The advent of sophisticated analytical instrumentation has now facilitated the isolation and characterization of lichens’ bioactive constituents, even in lower concentrations, as well as the estimation of their stress responses at different levels of pollution. As lichen diversity is adversely affected by increasing air pollution, there is a pressing need to develop effective management practices to conserve, restore and document lichen diversity.
Author: Barry Bolton Publisher: Belknap Press ISBN: 9780674615144 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 504
Book Description
"A name is forever, or at least as long as taxonomy continues," Barry Bolton writes, and here are all the names, antique and modern, of all the ants that are or ever were--from the arctic to the tropical, the fossilized to the living, the mislabeled to the newly christened members of the family Formicidae. For every name that has ever been applied to ants, the book supplies a history and an account of current usage, together with a fully documented indication of the present-day classification. Its comprehensive bibliography provides references to original description, synonymy, homonymy, changes in rank, status, and availability, and alterations in generic status. Organized by family group, genus group, and species group, this meticulously detailed but easily used volume is the ultimate resource for myrmecology. Along with Bolton's Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World, it will be the essential reference for anyone, expert or amateur, with an interest in ants.
Author: C. L. Bellamy Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING ISBN: 9780643069008 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 512
Book Description
The published works are derived from the Zoological catalogue of Australia database. Taxa in the Australian fauna are divided among volumes to form sets of about 1800-2000 species available names, such that each volume comprises the whole or part of one or more major groups.
Author: Matthew McIvor Prebus
Author: Matthew McIvor Prebus
Author: Yunheng Ji
Author: American Entomological Institute
Author: Dalip Kumar Upreti
Author: Lori Lach
Author: William P. Mackay
Author: Karl Patterson Schmidt
Author: Dalip Kumar Upreti
Author: Barry Bolton
Author: C. L. Bellamy