Phosphorus Recovery by Struvite Crystallization from Livestock Wastewater and Reuse as Fertilizer: A Review PDF Download
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Author: Tao Zhang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In China, the intensive livestock farming produces massive livestock wastewater with high concentration of phosphorus. Discharge of these compounds to surface water not only causes water eutrophication but also wastes phosphorus resources for plant growth. Therefore, it's necessary combining the removal of phosphorus from livestock wastewater with its recovery and reuse as fertilizer. As a valuable slow-release mineral fertilizer, struvite crystallization has become a focus in phosphorus recovery. In this chapter, struvite crystallization mechanism, reaction factors, crystallizers, and the applications of struvite as fertilizer are discussed. Two steps of nucleation and crystal growth for struvite crystallization from generation to growth are introduced. The reaction factors, including molar ratio of magnesium and phosphate, solution pH, coexisting substances, and seeding assist, of struvite crystallization are summarized. Several innovate types of crystallizer, which relate to the shape and size of harvest struvite to realize the phosphorus recycling, are demonstrated. Due to the influence of toxic or harmful impurities in struvite on its reuse as fertilizer, the environmental risk evaluation of struvite application is introduced. In conclusion, struvite crystallization is a promising tool for recovering phosphorus from livestock wastewater.
Author: Tao Zhang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
In China, the intensive livestock farming produces massive livestock wastewater with high concentration of phosphorus. Discharge of these compounds to surface water not only causes water eutrophication but also wastes phosphorus resources for plant growth. Therefore, it's necessary combining the removal of phosphorus from livestock wastewater with its recovery and reuse as fertilizer. As a valuable slow-release mineral fertilizer, struvite crystallization has become a focus in phosphorus recovery. In this chapter, struvite crystallization mechanism, reaction factors, crystallizers, and the applications of struvite as fertilizer are discussed. Two steps of nucleation and crystal growth for struvite crystallization from generation to growth are introduced. The reaction factors, including molar ratio of magnesium and phosphate, solution pH, coexisting substances, and seeding assist, of struvite crystallization are summarized. Several innovate types of crystallizer, which relate to the shape and size of harvest struvite to realize the phosphorus recycling, are demonstrated. Due to the influence of toxic or harmful impurities in struvite on its reuse as fertilizer, the environmental risk evaluation of struvite application is introduced. In conclusion, struvite crystallization is a promising tool for recovering phosphorus from livestock wastewater.
Author: Robina Farooq Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 953513129X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
The book on Physico-Chemical Treatment of Wastewater and Resource Recovery provides an efficient and low-cost solution for remediation of wastewater. This book focuses on physico-chemical treatment via advanced oxidation process, adsorption, its management and recovery of valuable chemicals. It discusses treatment and recovery process for the range of pollutants including BTX, PCB, PCDDs, proteins, phenols, antibiotics, complex organic compounds and metals. The occurrence of persistent pollutants poses deleterious effects on human and environmental health. Simple solutions for recovery of valuable chemicals and water during physico-chemical treatment of wastewater are discussed extensively. This book provides necessary knowledge and experimental studies on emerging physico-chemical processes for reducing water pollution and resource recovery.
Author: Christian Schaum Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1780408358 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 592
Book Description
This comprehensive book provides an up-to-date and international approach that addresses the Motivations, Technologies and Assessment of the Elimination and Recovery of Phosphorus from Wastewater. This book is part of the Integrated Environmental Technology Series.
Author: Laura Pastor Publisher: Universal-Publishers ISBN: 1581123337 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 44
Book Description
In recent years, due to expanding populations and industries, regulatory authorities have imposed tighter discharge limits on nutrients from wastewater treatment facilities to avoid eutrophication in water streams. Common methods, such as metal salt precipitation, are being used to lower phosphorus concentrations which are a main contribution. However, alternate phosphorus removal techniques, such as phosphorus crystallisation, can provide further benefits. Precipitated solid can be utilised as a marketable fertiliser. Principles of magnesium and ammonia phosphate precipitation, working with a synthetic wastewater and a supernatant coming from dewatering an anaerobic digested sludge, are studied in this work. NOTE: This thesis is in Spanish.
Author: H. Ohtaki Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
An overview of crystallization processes of organic and inorganic substances from various homogeneous liquids. Crystal structures, phase transitions and crystallization rates are described in the book in connection with the structure of ions, complexes and molecules of the solution phase.
Author: Fred Gale Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781477651032 Category : Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
With China's emergence as a new source of potential demand for U.S.pork exports, it is important for U.S.farmers, business leaders, and policymakers to understand the volatile nature of China's pork industry. Prices, hog inventories, and pork output in China fluctuate from year to year in response to various factors that influence the market, and China's imports of pork tend to rise when Chinese hog prices are high. Extensive policy intervention by the Chinese government has contributed to consolida�tion in the country's pork industry but has not stabilized the market. Imported pork is becoming more competitive in China as Chinese pork production costs rise and animal disease outbreaks, environmental threats, and food safety concerns constrain growth of China's hog industry.
Author: Hisao Ohtake Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811080313 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 514
Book Description
This book focuses on the engineering aspects of phosphorus (P) recovery and recycling, presenting recent research advances and applications of technologies in this important and challenging area of engineering. It highlights full-scale applications to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the new technologies. As an essential element for all living organisms, P cannot be replaced by any other element in biochemical processes, humans ultimately rely its availability. Today, P is mostly obtained from mined rock phosphate (Pi). However, natural reserves of high-grade rock Pi are limited and dwindling on a global scale. As such, there have been increased efforts to recycle P from secondary sources, including sewage sludge, animal manure, food waste, and steelmaking slag, and so close the anthropogenic P cycle. In addition to various aspects of phosphorus covered by other literature, including chemistry, biochemistry, ecology, soil-plant systems and sustainable management, this book is a valuable and comprehensive source of information on the rapidly evolving field of P recovery and recycling engineering for students, researchers, and professionals responsible for sustainable use of phosphorus.
Author: Ruhi Sultana Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The recovery of phosphate from wastewater sources in the form of inorganic magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (or struvite) precipitates (or struvite) is an advantageous choice, particularly because it can be used as a slow-release fertilizer in agriculture. Section 1 of this dissertation provides an introduction and review of the electrochemical recovery of P using a sacrificial magnesium (Mg) anode via hydrolysis in a bench scale electrochemical reactor. As a result of corrosion, Mg2+ is electrochemically released from the anode and struvite precipitates through an interaction between Mg2+ and the ammonium and phosphate ions in the solution. A 316 stainless steel cathode provides the site for water reduction to dihydrogen (H2) and hydroxyl ions (OH-) and oxygen reduction to water. In section 2, a scaled-up batch electrochemical reactor has been designed to examine how the performance of the reactor changed over successive batches as anode degradation and fouling decreased struvite yield by 52% and increased energy consumption by 77%. This is because Mg oxidation, when exposed to phosphate solution, resulted in a dynamic change on the anode surface (i.e., corrosion and struvite build up) which likely influenced the reactor performance. Controlling electrode fouling and enhancing Mg dissolution for struvite precipitation requires an investigation into corrosion mechanisms at the electrode surface. Therefore, sections 3 and 4 present a mechanistic description of electrode passivation and struvite formation in presence of chloride ions (0-1500 mM) and dynamic voltage changes to the electrochemical reactor at frequencies 0.1-100 Hz. An insight into the process parameters affecting struvite precipitation, including solution pH, Mg overpotential, and chloride concentration, guided experiment design and simulation of product distribution analysis using Visual Minteq 3.1 software suggested optimum electrochemical struvite production in the pH range 8--10. In section 5, a first-of-its-kind electrochemical struvite precipitation was reported in an electrochemical packed bed reactor with pure Mg beads as the packing material. While the lower costs of the beads, reduced the overall cost of operating the reactor, the smaller surface area ensured a larger specific area and a higher yield. In a synthetic solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the performance of the electrochemical precipitation column was studied by varying the applied current, feed flow rate, and Mg bead diameter. The system achieved >60% phosphate removal as struvite at 50 mA, 0.6 L m-1, with 5-6 mm bead size. The experimental outcomes assisted in comprehending the variables that affected struvite recovery in a flow-based reactor design as well as the difficulties associated with switching from a batch reactor to a flow reactor system. A summary of the key findings of this study have been presented in section 6, along with a list of future research areas that are to be explored.
Author: Ken Ashley Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1843392321 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 846
Book Description
Paperback + CD-ROM Closing the loop for nutrients in wastewaters (municipal sewage, animal wastes, food industry, commercial and other liquid waste streams) is a necessary, sustainable development objective, to reduce resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Chemistry, engineering and process integration understanding are all developing quickly, as new processes are now coming online. A new "paradigm" is emerging, globally. Commercial marketing of recovered nutrients as "green fertilizers" or recycling of nutrients through biomass production to new outlets, such as bioenergy, is becoming more widespread. This exciting conference brings together various waste stream industries, regulators, researchers, process engineers and commercial managers, to develop a broad-based, intersectional understanding and joint projects for phosphorus and nitrogen recovery from wastewater streams, as well as reuse. Over 90 papers from over 30 different countries presented in this volume. This conference is sponsored by: • Metro Vancouver • Global Phosphate Forum • Stantec Consulting Ltd. • The Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM) • Ostara Nutrient Recovery Technologies, Inc. (ONRTI) • The University of British Columbia (UBC) • The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) • The British Columbia Water and Wastewater Association (BCWWA) • The Canadian Society for Civil Engineering (CSCE) • The Ostara Research Foundation (ORF)
Author: Tao Zhang
Author: Tao Zhang
Author: Robina Farooq
Author: Christian Schaum
Author: Pengfei Wang
Author: Laura Pastor
Author: H. Ohtaki
Author: Fred Gale
Author: Hisao Ohtake
Author: Ruhi Sultana
Author: Ken Ashley