Philosophie et science au Moyen Age / Philosophy and Science in the Middle Ages PDF Download

Author: Guttorm Fløistad
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401736499
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 456

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Author: Jean Cavailles
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 1913029417
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 143

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A new translation of the final work of French philosopher Jean Cavaillès. In this short, dense essay, Jean Cavaillès evaluates philosophical efforts to determine the origin—logical or ontological—of scientific thought, arguing that, rather than seeking to found science in original intentional acts, a priori meanings, or foundational logical relations, any adequate theory must involve a history of the concept. Cavaillès insists on a historical epistemology that is conceptual rather than phenomenological, and a logic that is dialectical rather than transcendental. His famous call (cited by Foucault) to abandon "a philosophy of consciousness" for "a philosophy of the concept" was crucial in displacing the focus of philosophical enquiry from aprioristic foundations toward structural historical shifts in the conceptual fabric. This new translation of Cavaillès's final work, written in 1942 during his imprisonment for Resistance activities, presents an opportunity to reencounter an original and lucid thinker. Cavaillès's subtle adjudication between positivistic claims that science has no need of philosophy, and philosophers' obstinate disregard for actual scientific events, speaks to a dilemma that remains pertinent for us today. His affirmation of the authority of scientific thinking combined with his commitment to conceptual creation yields a radical defense of the freedom of thought and the possibility of the new.

Author: Janet A. Kourany
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199750440
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 162

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In this monograph Janet A. Kourany argues for a philosophy of science more socially engaged and socially responsible than the philosophy of science we have now. The central questions feminist scientists, philosophers, and historians have been raising about science during the last three decades form Kourany's point of departure and her response to these questions builds on their insights. This way of approaching science differs from mainstream philosophy of science in two crucial respects: it locates science within its wider societal context rather than treating science as if it existed in a social, political, and economic vacuum; and it points the way to a more comprehensive understanding of scientific rationality, one that integrates the ethical with the epistemic. Kourany develops her particular response, dubbed by her the ideal of socially responsible science, beyond the gender-related questions and contexts that form its origins and she defends it against a variety of challenges, epistemological, historical, sociological, economic, and political. She ends by displaying the important new directions philosophy of science can take and the impressive new roles philosophers of science can fill with the approach to science she offers.

Author: Stanislas Dockx
Publisher: Editions Beauchesne
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 260

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Author: Cécilia Bognon-Küss
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317227557
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 372

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The use of the term "biology" to refer to a unified science of life emerged around 1800 (most prominently by scientists such as Lamarck and Treviranus, although scholarship has indicated its usage at least 30-40 years earlier). The interplay between philosophy and natural science has also accompanied the constitution of biology as a science. Philosophy of Biology Before Biology examines biological and protobiological writings from the mid-eighteenth century to the early nineteenth century (from Buffon to Cuvier; Kant to Oken; and Kielmeyer) with two major sets of questions in mind: What were the distinctive conceptual features of the move toward biology as a science? What were the relations and differences between the "philosophical" focus on the nature of living entities, and the "scientific" focus? This insightful volume produces a fresh but also systematic perspective both on the history of biology as a science and on the early versions of, in the 1960s in a post-positivist context, the philosophy of biology. It will appeal to students and researchers interested in fields such as history of science, philosophy of science and biology.

Author: Michel Cacouros
Publisher: Peeters Publishers
ISBN: 9789042916715
Category : History
Languages : fr
Pages : 324

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Ce volume comprend les Actes de la Table Ronde realisee au sein du XXe Congres International d'Etudes Byzantines (Paris, aout 2001), sur la philosophie et les sciences a Byzance durant l'empire de Nicee (1204-1261) et le regne des Paleologues (1261-1453). La periode envisagee (1204-1453) recouvre les deux dernieres etapes de la vie de Byzance, jalonnees par les deux prises de Constantinople : la premiere, en 1204, est effectuee lors de la quatrieme croisade, alors que la seconde, en 1453, est l'oeuvre des Turcs ottomans. Entre ces dates se situe l'occupation latine de l'empire byzantin, qui prendra fin pour Constantinople en 1261 et qui sera suivie par la restauration progressive, mais partielle, de l'empire, effectuee sous les Paleologues. En donnant un apercu sur la philosophie et les sciences pendant cette periode particulierement mouvementee, les editeurs du present volume ont adopte une conjonction thematique qui tient, avant tout, compte de la maniere dont l'enseignement etait assure a Byzance : au sein de celui-ci, l'apprentissage des disciplines mathematiques (le Quadrivium occidental) se voyait couronne par celui de la philosophie ; leur etude etait parfois completee avec celle de la medecine, humaine et veterinaire, et de la pharmaceutique. Ces differentes branches du savoir byzantin, qui vont de la philosophie a la pharmaceutique, sont representees dans ce volume grace au concours des specialistes reconnus pour les disciplines examinees. Quant a l'axe principal autour duquel s'organisent les contributions composant ce volume, il s'agit de celui de la transmission a Byzance, pendant la periode envisagee, des textes, et, aussi, des idees et des concepts, ces derniers circulant comme les textes et par les textes. Les sujets de transmission, textuelle ou doctrinale, passes en revue portent sur la production byzantine d'epoque paleologue, mais, egalement, sur des textes plus anciens, qui ont ete remis en circulation surtout a partir de 1261 ; certains aspects concernant les traductions de l'oeuvre aristotelicienne en latin, effectuees a partir de 1204, ont egalement ete passes en revue.

Author: Peter Godfrey-Smith
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022677113X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 412

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How does science work? Does it tell us what the world is “really” like? What makes it different from other ways of understanding the universe? In Theory and Reality, Peter Godfrey-Smith addresses these questions by taking the reader on a grand tour of more than a hundred years of debate about science. The result is a completely accessible introduction to the main themes of the philosophy of science. Examples and asides engage the beginning student, a glossary of terms explains key concepts, and suggestions for further reading are included at the end of each chapter. Like no other text in this field, Theory and Reality combines a survey of recent history of the philosophy of science with current key debates that any beginning scholar or critical reader can follow. The second edition is thoroughly updated and expanded by the author with a new chapter on truth, simplicity, and models in science.

Author: Anastasios Brenner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402093683
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 370

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Having examined previous volumes of the Boston Studies series devoted to different countries, and having discussed the best way to present contemporary research in France, we have arrived at a careful selection of 15 participants, including the organizers. Our aim is to bring together philosophers and practicing scientist from the major institutions of the country, both universities and research centers. The areas of research represented here cover a wide spectrum of sciences, from mathematics and physics to the life sciences, as well as linguistics and economics. This selection is a showcase of French philosophy of science, illustrating the different methods employed: logico-linguistic analysis, rational reconstruction and historical inquiry. These participants have the ability to relate their research both to the French tradition and current discussions on the international scene. Also included is a substantial historical introduction, explaining the development of philosophy of science in France, the various schools of thought and methods as well as the major concepts and their significance.

Author: Stephanie Ruphy
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN: 082298153X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Can we expect our scientific theories to make up a unified structure, or do they form a kind of "patchwork" whose pieces remain independent from each other? Does the proliferation of sometimes-incompatible representations of the same phenomenon compromise the ability of science to deliver reliable knowledge? Is there a single correct way to classify things that science should try to discover, or is taxonomic pluralism here to stay? These questions are at the heart of philosophical debate on the unity or plurality of science, one of the most central issues in philosophy of science today. This book offers a critical overview and a new structure of this debate. It focuses on the methodological, epistemic, and metaphysical commitments of various philosophical attitudes surrounding monism and pluralism, and offers novel perspectives and pluralist theses on scientific methods and objects, reductionism, plurality of representations, natural kinds, and scientific classifications.

Author: Anouk Barberousse
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190690658
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 769

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Book Description
Philosophy of science studies the methods, theories, and concepts used by scientists. It mainly developed as a field in its own right during the twentieth century and is now a diversified and lively research area. This book surveys the current state of the discipline by focusing on central themes like confirmation of scientific hypotheses, scientific explanation, causality, the relationship between science and metaphysics, scientific change, the relationship between philosophy of science and science studies, the role of theories and models, unity of science. These themes define general philosophy of science. The book also presents sub-disciplines in the philosophy of science dealing with the main sciences: logic, mathematics, physics, biology, medicine, cognitive science, linguistics, social sciences, and economics. While it is common to address the specific philosophical problems raised by physics and biology in such a book, the place assigned to the philosophy of special sciences is much more unusual. Most authors collaborate on a regular basis in their research or teaching and share a common vision of philosophy of science and its place within philosophy and academia in general. The chapters have been written in close accordance with the three editors, thus achieving strong unity of style and tone.