Philoponus: On Aristotle Physics 1.4-9 PDF Download

Author: John Philoponus
Publisher: Bristol Classical Press
ISBN:
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Book Description
Explores a range of questions about the basic structure of reality, the nature of prime matter, the principles of change, the relation between form and matter, and the issue of whether things can come into being out of nothing, and if so, in what sense that is true.

Author: Emmanuele Vimercati
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1350416290
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 199

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Book Description
In some of his most famous works, John Philoponus (c. 490-570 CE) confronts numerous aspects of Aristotle's philosophy and science. Yet the influence of these reinterpretations and critiques remains under-examined. This volume fills this gap by uncovering the considerable impact of Philoponus' natural philosophy in both the medieval and Renaissance periods. Divided into three parts, the first part of the volume introduces central concepts in Philoponus' philosophy. Highlighting the areas of crossover as well as of disagreement with Aristotle, chapters dedicate specific attention to Philoponus' theories of place, matter and vacuum; his ideas of motion; his discussion of the heavens and the fifth element; and his anthropology. This is followed, in parts two and three, by a focus on Philoponus' reception in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance respectively. Shedding light on the scientific ideas circulating in these periods, international experts explore a range of topics from the renewal of Aristotelianism in the Arab world, through the medieval Byzantine and Latin traditions, to Philoponus' appearance in the early works of Galileo. Engaging with a number of Philoponus' key tracts, The Reception of John Philoponus' Natural Philosophy is both a much-needed study of Philoponus' influence and a revealing analysis of how Aristotelian science was received, adapted, critiqued and mediated throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

Author: Francisco Suarez
Publisher: CUA Press
ISBN: 0813234026
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 465

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Book Description
Francisco Suárez (1548-1617) was one of the most important philosophers and theologians of Early Modern Scholasticism. Although Suárez spent most of his academic career as a professor of theology, he is better known today for his Metaphysical Disputations (Salamanca, 1597). The present volume contains a facing-page English translation of Metaphysical Disputation I, which is introductory and devoted to the nature of metaphysics itself. In it, Suárez first specifies this science’s object and nature (Sections 1 and 2) and then discusses its unity (Section 3), its end, utility and functions (Section 4), its status as the most perfect natural science and true wisdom (Section 5), and finally the thesis that it is the science most of all desired by means of a natural appetite (Section 6). Those interested in late scholastic conceptions of metaphysics and their influence on the better known metaphysical systems of the seventeenth century – e.g., Descartes’s – will find the volume especially useful. The Latin text contained in this volume introduces a significant number of corrections to the text of the Vivès edition, the one standardly used by scholars of Suárez, and thus more faithfully reproduces the text of the first edition. The volume also contains a lengthy introduction that provides a detailed survey of the disputation’s principal claims and arguments.

Author: Katja Krause
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000827917
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 539

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Book Description
This volume brings together contributions from distinguished scholars in the history of philosophy, focusing on points of interaction between discrete historical contexts, religions, and cultures found within the premodern period. The contributions connect thinkers from antiquity through the Middle Ages and include philosophers from the three major monotheistic faiths—Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. By emphasizing premodern philosophy’s shared textual roots in antiquity, particularly the writings of Plato and Aristotle, the volume highlights points of cross-pollination between different schools, cultures, and moments in premodern thought. Approaching the complex history of the premodern world in an accessible way, the editors organize the volume so as to underscore the difficulties the premodern period poses for scholars, while accentuating the fascinating interplay between the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin philosophical traditions. The contributors cover many topics ranging from the aims of Aristotle’s cosmos, the adoption of Aristotle’s Organon by al-Fārābī, and the origins of the Plotiniana Arabica to the role of Ibn Gabirol’s Fons vitae in the Latin West, the ways in which Islamic philosophy shaped thirteenth-century Latin conceptions of light, Roger Bacon’s adaptation of Avicenna for use in his moral philosophy, and beyond. The volume’s focus on "source-based contextualism" demonstrates an appreciation for the rich diversity of thought found in the premodern period, while revealing methodological challenges raised by the historical study of premodern philosophy. Contextualizing Premodern Philosophy: Explorations of the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin Traditions is a stimulating resource for scholars and advanced students working in the history of premodern philosophy.

Author: Helen S. Lang
Publisher: SUNY Press
ISBN: 9780791410837
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 336

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Book Description
This book considers the concepts that lay at the heart of natural philosophy and physics from the time of Aristotle until the fourteenth century. The first part presents Aristotelian ideas and the second part presents the interpretation of these ideas by Philoponus, Albertus Magnus, Thomas Aquinas, John Buridan, and Duns Scotus. Across the eight chapters, the problems and texts from Aristotle that set the stage for European natural philosophy as it was practiced from the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries are considered first as they appear in Aristotle and then as they are reconsidered in the context of later interests. The study concludes with an anticipation of Newton and the sense in which Aristotle's physics had been transformed.

Author: Frans A.J. de Haas
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004320938
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 367

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Book Description
This study provides the first full discussion of Philoponus' excursus on matter in contra Proclum XI. 1-8 which sets out the innovative definition of prime matter as three-dimensional extension. The author argues that Philoponus' definition was motivated primarily by philosophical problems in Neoplatonism. Philoponus employs the explanation of growth, the interpretation of Aristotle's category theory and the notions of formlessness and potentiality to substantiate his definition. To conclude, the book offers an assessment of the significance of Philoponus' innovation. It is demonstrated for the first time that Plotinus' view of matter exerted considerable influence on both Philoponus and Simplicius. Moreover, the structure of Syrianus' and Proclus' metaphysics prepared the way for Philoponus' account of prime matter.

Author: Ursula Coope
Publisher: Clarendon Press
ISBN: 0191530123
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Book Description
What is the relation between time and change? Does time depend on the mind? Is the present always the same or is it always different? Aristotle tackles these questions in the Physics, and Time for Aristotle is the first book in English devoted to this discussion. Aristotle claims that time is not a kind of change, but that it is something dependent on change; he defines it as a kind of 'number of change'. Ursula Coope argues that what this means is that time is a kind of order (not, as is commonly supposed, a kind of measure). It is universal order within which all changes are related to each other. This interpretation enables Coope to explain two puzzling claims that Aristotle makes: that the now is like a moving thing, and that time depends for its existence on the mind. Brilliantly lucid in its explanation of this challenging section of the Physics, Time for Aristotle shows his discussion to be of enduring philosophical interest.

Author: Sebastian Gertz
Publisher: A&C Black
ISBN: 1472500377
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 216

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Book Description
50 years before Philoponus, two Christians from Gaza, seeking to influence Alexandrian Christians, defended the Christian belief in resurrection and the finite duration of the world, and attacked rival Neoplatonist views. Aeneas addresses an unusual version of the food chain argument against resurrection, that our bodies will get eaten by other creatures. Zacharias attacks the Platonist examples of synchronous creation, which were the production of light, of shadow, and of a footprint in the sand. A fragment survives of a third Gazan contribution by Procopius. Zacharias lampoons the Neoplatonist professor in Alexandria, Ammonius, and claims a leading role in the riot which led to the cleverest Neoplatonist, Damascius, fleeing to Athens. It was only Philoponus, however, who was able to embarrass the Neoplatonists by arguing against them on their own terms. This volume contains an English translation of the works by Aeneas of Gaza and Zacharias of Mytilene, accompanied by a detailed introduction, explanatory notes and a bibliography.

Author: DK Publishing
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 0756688671
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 354

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Book Description
To the complete novice, learning about philosophy can be a cause for dread—“I won’t understand” is a common reaction to the mere mention of the subject, which is often assumed to be too complex and confusing for the average reader. DK’s The Philosophy Book will show that philosophy doesn't have to be a daunting subject. With the use of easy-to-follow graphics and artworks, succinct quotations, and thoroughly accessible text, this book cuts through the haze of misunderstanding surrounding the subject, untangling knotty theories and shedding light on abstract concepts. The book is organized as a history of philosophy. Each idea—and the philosopher who first voiced it—is placed chronologically, and is cross-referenced to earlier and later ideas. Contents The Ideas (336PP) Siddhartha Gautama Thales: “Know Thyself” Pythagoras Lao Tzu: “The Tao That Can Be Told Is Not The Eternal Tao” Confucius Heraclitus Parmenides Protagoras: “Man Is The Measure Of All Things” Zeno of Elea Socrates Plato: “Everything Is Becoming, Nothing Is” Aristotle Epicurus Zeno of Citium: “Happiness Is A Good Flow Of Life” Han Feizi Plotinus Augustine: “There Is No Salvation Outside The Church” Avicenna Averroës Thomas Aquinas William of Ockham Niccolò Machiavelli: “Reprehensible Actions May Be Justified By Their Effects” Francisco de Vitoria Francisco Suárez Francis Bacon Thomas Hobbes René Descartes: “I Think, Therefore I Am” Benedictus Spinoza John Locke Gottfried Leibniz George Berkeley David Hume: “Reason Is The Slave Of The Passions” Jean-Jacques Rousseau Immanuel Kant Edmund Burke Jeremy Bentham: “Every Law Is Contrary To Liberty” Johann Gottlieb Fichte Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: “Only In The State Does Man Have A Rational Existence” Arthur Schopenhauer Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling Auguste Comte Ralph Waldo Emerson: “Every Natural Fact Is A Symbol Of Some Spiritual Fact” Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach John Stuart Mill Søren Aabye Kierkegaard Karl Marx: “From Each According To His Ability, To Each According To His Need” Charles Sanders Peirce William James Friedrich Nietzsche: “Man Is Something To Be Surpassed” Gottlob Frege Edmund Husserl Henri Bergson Nishido Katara Bertrand Russell José Ortega y Gasset Ludwig Wittgenstein: “The Limits Of My Language Are The Limits Of My World” Martin Heidegger Rudolf Carnap Hans-Georg Gadamer Gilbert Ryle Karl Popper Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno Jean-Paul Sartre: “Man Is Condemned To Be Free” Willard Van Orman Quine Arne Dekke Eide Naess John Rawls Thomas Samuel Kuhn Michel Foucault Noam Chomsky: “Colorless Green Ideas Sleep Furiously” Jurgen Habermas Jacques Derrida: “There Is Nothing Outside Of The Text” Richard Rorty Saul Kripke

Author: Gregory Vlastos
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691241880
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 423

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Book Description
Gregory Vlastos (1907-1991) was one of the twentieth century's most influential scholars of ancient philosophy. Over a span of more than fifty years, he published essays and book reviews that established his place as a leading authority on early Greek philosophy. The two volumes that comprise Studies in Greek Philosophy include nearly forty contributions by this acknowledged master of the philosophical essay. Many of these pieces are now considered to be classics in the field. Perhaps more than any other modern scholar, Gregory Vlastos was responsible for raising standards of research, analysis, and exposition in classical philosophy to new levels of excellence. His essays have served as paradigms of scholarship for several generations. Available for the first time in a comprehensive collection, these contributions reveal the author's ability to combine the skills of a philosopher, philologist, and historian of ideas in addressing some of the most difficult problems of ancient philosophy. Volume I collects Vlastos's essays on Presocratic philosophy. Wide-ranging concept studies link Greek science, religion, and politics with philosophy. Individual studies illuminate the thought of major philosophers such as Heraclitus, Parmenides, Anaxagoras, and Democritus. A magisterial series of studies on Zeno of Elea reveals the author's power in source criticism and logical analysis. Volume II contains essays on the thought of Socrates, Plato, and later thinkers and essays dealing with ethical, social, and political issues as well as metaphysics, science, and the foundations of mathematics.