Phase Separation in Systems Containing Polymers PDF Download

Author: Andrée Robard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Polymers
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Robard, Andrée
Publisher: 1978.
ISBN:
Category : Polymers
Languages : en
Pages : 544

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Author: V.J. Klenin
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080542832
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 851

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Book Description
This book deals with the problems of the thermodynamics of systems containing flexible-chain polymers as the basis of polymer material science. The main thermodynamic quantities and concepts are introduced and discussed in the order of the objects getting more and more complicated: gases, magnets, low-molecular-weight substances and mixtures, and finally, polymers and polymer blends.All topics are considered in a common clue, using the principle of universality. The stability conditions for the one-phase state of multi-component systems are given. Phase separation is regarded as a result of loss in stability. The critical state of a system, with the one-phase state being close to the boundary of stability conditions breaking, is discussed in detail. The effects of both light scattering (elastic and dynamic) and diffusion, as directly depending on the thermodynamic parameters characterizing the one-phase state stability, are considered in detail. One of the versions of colloid scattering, namely, the turbidity spectrum method, is described as useful for the characterization of various heterogeneous structures and for the phase analysis of polymer systems. In the approximation of mean field theories and advanced field theory, formalisms expound the following divisions of the thermodynamics of binary and polynary systems with flexible-chain polymers: conformation of the polymer coil, composition fluctuations, elastic and dynamic light scattering, diffusion in the one-phase state (including the critical range), phase separation, polymer fractionation, the coil-globule transition, phase equilibrium and separation in the system network polymer + low-molecular-weight liquid, polymer blends and multiphase separation.

Author: John Paul Frampton
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288963356X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 117

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Book Description
The phase separation of incompatible liquids has been a topic of significant importance in chemical and industrial engineering for many years. Well-understood examples of this phenomenon include the phase separation of oil with water and the phase separation of non-polar organic solvents with water. Similar behavior is observed when aqueous solutions of two or more incompatible polymers or polymers and salts are mixed. In these mixtures (referred to as aqueous two-phase systems), the separated phases are composed mostly of water. Aqueous two-phase systems have been used extensively for the extraction of high-value biological products from mixtures of biological materials. In recent years, aqueous two-phase systems have also found increased use as materials for streamlining and improving the capabilities of cell and molecular assays, and for the design of advanced cell culture systems. Similar behavior of biological materials in living systems has also been observed, with emerging roles in cell physiology.

Author: Sam Coveney
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319193996
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 179

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This work sheds new light on fundamental aspects of phase separation in polymer-blend thin films. A key feature underlying the theoretical models is the unification of one-dimensional thermodynamic phase equilibria with film evolution phenomena in two- and three dimensions. Initially, an established 'phase portrait' method, useful for visualising and calculating phase equilibria of polymer-blend films, is generalised to systems without convenient simplifying symmetries. Thermodynamic equilibria alone are then used to explain a film roughening mechanism in which laterally coexisting phases can have different depths in order to minimise free energy. The phase portraits are then utilised to demonstrate that simulations of lateral phase separation via a transient wetting layer, which conform very well with experiments, can be satisfactorily explained by 1D phase equilibria and a 'surface bifurcation' mechanism. Lastly, a novel 3D model of coupled phase separation and dewetting is developed, which demonstrates that surface roughening shadows phase separation in thin films.

Author: John A. Pojman
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 352763262X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 391

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Book Description
Closing a gap in the literature, this is the first comprehensive handbook on this modern and important polymer topic. Edited by highly experienced and top scientists in the field, this ready reference covers all aspects, including material science, biopolymers, gels, phase separating systems, frontal polymerization and much more. The introductory chapter offers the perfect starting point for the non-expert.

Author: Kurt Binder
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 366230273X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 201

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Book Description
When learning very formal material one comes to a stage where one thinks one has understood the material. Confronted with a "realiife" problem, the passivity of this understanding sometimes becomes painfully elear. To be able to solve the problem, ideas, methods, etc. need to be ready at hand. They must be mastered (become active knowledge) in order to employ them successfully. Starting from this idea, the leitmotif, or aim, of this book has been to elose this gap as much as possible. How can this be done? The material presented here was born out of a series of lectures at the Summer School held at Figueira da Foz (Portugal) in 1987. The series of lectures was split into two concurrent parts. In one part the "formal material" was presented. Since the background of those attending varied widely, the presentation of the formal material was kept as pedagogic as possible. In the formal part the general ideas behind the Monte Carlo method were developed. The Monte Carlo method has now found widespread appli cation in many branches of science such as physics, chemistry, and biology. Because of this, the scope of the lectures had to be narrowed down. We could not give a complete account and restricted the treatment to the ap plication of the Monte Carlo method to the physics of phase transitions. Here particular emphasis is placed on finite-size effects.

Author: Sergey A. Vshivkov
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1527534561
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 381

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Book Description
Generalized extensive experimental and theoretical data regarding the phase transitions of polymer systems in mechanical and magnetic fields provide the possibility to predict the results of external field effects on the structure and mutual solubility of components. The data on dynamic structuring in deformed polymer blends and solutions allow for the use of found regularities by the processing of polymer systems. The methods offered in this book allow for the connection of shift of phase diagrams in the mechanical field with changes in macromolecule sizes. The tutorials described here will help the reader to correctly build the phase diagrams of polymer systems using a variety of methods.

Author: Charles C. Han
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470828250
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269

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Book Description
Scattering is a very powerful tool to study the structure of polymers. Written by highly regarded and respected scientists in the field, this book presents the latest developments in the field of scattering in a uniform, systematic manner. This volume arms readers with both theoretical and experimental aspects of the intended area, offering much simplified theoretical explanations on the physics of scattering. The authors provide discussion on applications of experimental techniques. Han and Akcasu begin with a traditional treatment of light scattering from plane waves, followed by consistent application of density (in both real and Fourier space) correlation functions in both space and time. The authors do not distinguish among light, X-ray, and neutron, excepting their scattering length, q-range, coherence and detection differences. Readers can therefore concentrate on exactly the scattering tools they need to use, while theoretical explanation on the physics of scattering can be made much more simplified and uniform. Presents the latest development in the field of scattering in a uniform, systematic manner Arms readers with both theoretical and experimental aspects Gives a much simpler theoretical explanation on the physics of scattering Demonstrates application of experimental techniques

Author: Rajni Hatti-Kaul
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592590284
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 442

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Book Description
A mixture of two polymers, or one polymer and a salt, in an aqueous medium separates into two phases: this phenomenon is useful in biotechn- ogy for product separations. Separation of biological molecules and particles in these aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) was initiated over 40 years ago by P.-Å. Albertsson, and later proved to be of immense utility in biochemical and cell biological research. A boost in the application of ATPS was seen when problems of separations in biotechnology processes were encountered. Its simplicity, biocompatibility, and amenability to easy scaleup operations make the use of ATPS very attractive for large-scale bioseparations. Despite the advantages ATPS enjoys over other separation techniques, the application of two-phase systems has for a long time been confined to selected labora- ries. Recent years have, however, shown a trend in which increasing numbers of researchers employ two-phase partitioning techniques in both basic and applied research.