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Author: Jefferson Thad Scott Publisher: ISBN: Category : Constructed wetlands Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
In this study, the factors influencing the development of a nutrient availability gradient in a wetland ecosystem and the subsequent controls to, and feedbacks from, the structure and function of the periphyton community were investigated. Field surveys, field experiments, and a laboratory experiments were conducted over a three year period in the Lake Waco Wetlands, a created wetland system near Waco, Texas. Results of these studies indicated that nitrogen (N) retention/removal always exceeded phosphorus (P) retention/removal along the flow path of water. Over 90% of nitrate (NO3- ) entering the wetland was generally retained by the system and 50% of that retention was a result of influx into sediments. Intact sediment core experiments revealed that virtually all available NO3- in the sediments was denitrified. Inorganic P entering the wetland was less well retained (up to 50%), but the wetland was sometimes a source of P as well. The disproportionate loss of inorganic N resulted in a distinct gradient of nutrient availability where N was relatively more abundant near the inflow, but became decreasingly less abundant than P as distance from the inflow increased. Experimental N and P enrichments at the inflow often resulted in an increase in periphyton biomass accumulation. However, only N alone stimulated biomass accumulation in downstream areas. Floating periphyton mats, or "metaphyton", appeared to overcome N deficiency on a seasonal basis by fixing, and efficiently retaining, large quantities of atmospheric N2. In fact, average N-specific metaphyton production throughout the entire wetland was inversely correlated with average metaphyton phosphatase activity (r2 = 0.78; p = 0.0015). These results suggest that fixed N2 may supply a sufficient quantity of N to offset periphyton N limitation and initiate P limitation. The response to inorganic N additions is maintained because use of NO3--N is less energetically expensive to utilize than N2. Furthermore, results of laboratory experiments suggest that some mechanisms may exist by which bacteria and photoautotrophs compensate the supply of P and fixed N2, respectively, to one another within the community.
Author: Jefferson Thad Scott Publisher: ISBN: Category : Constructed wetlands Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
In this study, the factors influencing the development of a nutrient availability gradient in a wetland ecosystem and the subsequent controls to, and feedbacks from, the structure and function of the periphyton community were investigated. Field surveys, field experiments, and a laboratory experiments were conducted over a three year period in the Lake Waco Wetlands, a created wetland system near Waco, Texas. Results of these studies indicated that nitrogen (N) retention/removal always exceeded phosphorus (P) retention/removal along the flow path of water. Over 90% of nitrate (NO3- ) entering the wetland was generally retained by the system and 50% of that retention was a result of influx into sediments. Intact sediment core experiments revealed that virtually all available NO3- in the sediments was denitrified. Inorganic P entering the wetland was less well retained (up to 50%), but the wetland was sometimes a source of P as well. The disproportionate loss of inorganic N resulted in a distinct gradient of nutrient availability where N was relatively more abundant near the inflow, but became decreasingly less abundant than P as distance from the inflow increased. Experimental N and P enrichments at the inflow often resulted in an increase in periphyton biomass accumulation. However, only N alone stimulated biomass accumulation in downstream areas. Floating periphyton mats, or "metaphyton", appeared to overcome N deficiency on a seasonal basis by fixing, and efficiently retaining, large quantities of atmospheric N2. In fact, average N-specific metaphyton production throughout the entire wetland was inversely correlated with average metaphyton phosphatase activity (r2 = 0.78; p = 0.0015). These results suggest that fixed N2 may supply a sufficient quantity of N to offset periphyton N limitation and initiate P limitation. The response to inorganic N additions is maintained because use of NO3--N is less energetically expensive to utilize than N2. Furthermore, results of laboratory experiments suggest that some mechanisms may exist by which bacteria and photoautotrophs compensate the supply of P and fixed N2, respectively, to one another within the community.
Author: Robert H. Kadlec Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429838190 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1030
Book Description
Treatment Marshes for Runoff and Polishing represents the most comprehensive and up-date-date resource for the design, construction, and operation of marsh treatment systems. This new edition represents a complete rewrite of the surface flow sections of previous editions of Treatment Wetlands. It is based on the performance hundreds of treatment marshes over the past 40 years. Treatment Marshes focuses on urban and agricultural runoff, river and lake water improvement, and highly treated municipal effluents. New information from the past dozen years is used to improve data interpretation and design concepts. Topics included in this book are Diversity of marsh vegetation Analyses of the human use of treatment marshes New concepts of underground processes and functions Spectrum of marsh values spanning mitigation, restoration, enhancement, and water quality improvement Improved methods for calculation of evapotranspiration and wetland water temperatures Hydraulics of surface and subsurface flows in marshes Analysis of long track records for deterministic and probabilistic behavior Consideration of integrated microbial and vegetative contaminant removals via mass balances Uptake and emission of gases Performance of urban and agricultural wetlands Design procedures for urban and agricultural wetlands Reduction of trace metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, and trace organics Updated capital and O&M economics, and valuation of ancillary benefits An updated list of over 1900 references
Author: M. E. Azim Publisher: CABI ISBN: 9780851990972 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 350
Book Description
The first comprehensive monograph on periphyton, this book contains contributions by scientists fromaround the globe. Multi-disciplinary in nature, it covers both basic and applied aspects of periphyton,and is applicable worldwide in natural, extensive and intensive managed systems.Periphyton, as described in this book, refers to the entire complex of attached aquatic biota on submergedsubstrates, including associated non-attached organisms and detritus. Thus the periphyton communitycomprises bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, zooplankton and other invertebrates. Periphyton is importantfor various reasons: as a major contributor to carbon fixation and nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems;as an important source of food in aquatic systems; as an indicator of environmental change. It can alsobe managed to improve water quality in lakes and reservoirs; it can greatly increase aquaculture production;it can be used in waste water treatment.The book provides an international review of periphyton ecology, exploitation and management. Theecology part focuses on periphyton structure and function in natural systems. The exploitation part coversits nutritive qualities and utilization by organisms, particularly in aquaculture. The final part considersthe use of periphyton for increasing aquatic production and its effects on water quality and animal healthin culture systems. This book will help scientists and entrepreneurs further understand the ecology andproduction of aquatic systems and venture into new and promising areas.
Author: Yonghong Wu Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128013230 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 436
Book Description
Periphyton: Functions and Application in Environmental Remediation presents a systematic overview of a wide variety of periphyton functions and applications in environmental remediation, providing readers with an understanding of the biological/ecological features of periphyton, the methodology of their study, and their application in environmental conservation. With increases in environmental stress, anthropogenic impacts, and the global decline in biodiversity, there is a pressing need for methods to assess and improve environmental quality that are rapid, reliable, and cost-effective. Periphyton is an important component of benthic communities and plays a crucial role in the functioning of microbial food webs. Because of a number of advantages, such as a short lifecycle, relative immobility, more rapid responses to environmental stress and anthropogenic impact than any metazoa, ease of sampling, availability of taxonomic/molecular identification, and standardized methodologies for temporal/spatial comparisons, there has, in recent decades, been an increased interest in periphyton as a tool in biological conservation in aquatic ecosystems. Presents case studies that help readers implement similar ecological designs Focuses on the function of periphyton in remediating destructed ecosystems Provides readers with an understanding of periphyton in practice, especially the value of periphyton in enhancing environmental and ecosystem qualities Discusses the role of periphyton in purifying water and its effect on abiotic elements
Author: K. Ramesh Reddy Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429531931 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 926
Book Description
The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
Author: Tatenda Dalu Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128223634 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 864
Book Description
Fundamentals of Tropical Freshwater Wetlands: From Ecology to Conservation Management is a practical guide and important tool for practitioners and educators interested in the ecology, conservation and management of wetlands in tropical/subtropical regions. The book is written in such a way that, in addition to scientists and managers, it is accessible to non-specialist readers. Organized into three themed sections and twenty-three chapters, this volume covers a variety of topics, exposing the reader to a full range of scientific, conservation and management issues. Each chapter has been written by specialists in the topic being presented. The book recognizes that wetland conservation, science and management are interlinked disciplines, and so it attempts to combine several perspectives to highlight the interdependence between the various professions that deal with issues in these environments. Within each chapter extensive cross-referencing is included, so as to help the reader link related aspects of the issues being discussed. Contributed to by global experts in the field of tropical wetlands Includes case studies and worked examples, enabling the reader to recreate the work already done Focuses on tropical systems not available in any other book
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080526942 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 781
Book Description
Algae are an important component of aquatic benthic ecosystems because they reflect the health of their environment through their density, abundance, and diversity. This comprehensive and authoritative text is divided into three sections to offer complete coverage of the discussion in this field. The first section introduces the locations of benthic algae in different ecosystems, like streams, large rivers, lakes, and other aquatic habitats. The second section is devoted to the various factors, both biotic and abiotic, that affect benthic freshwater algae. The final section of the book focuses on the role played by algae in a variety of complex freshwater ecosystems. As concern over environmental health escalates, the keystone and pivotal role played by algae is becoming more apparent. This volume in the Aquatic Ecology Series represents an important compilation of the latest research on the crucial niche occupied by algae in aquatic ecosystems. Presents algae as the important player in relation to environmental health Prepared by leading authorities in the field Includes comprehensive treatment of the functions of benthic algae as well as the factors that affect these important aquatic organisms Acts as an important reference for anyone interested in understanding and managing freshwater ecosystems
Author: Erik Jeppesen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461206952 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 442
Book Description
The rapid growth of the discipline of aquatic ecology has been driven both by scientific interest in the complexities of aquatic ecosystems and by their enormous environmental importance and sensitivity. This book focuses on the remarkably diverse roles played by underwater plants, and is divided into three parts: 10 thematic chapters, followed by 18 case studies, and rounded off by three integrative chapters. The topics range from macrophytes as fish food to macrophytes as mollusc and microbe habitat, making this of interest to aquatic ecologists as well as limnologists, ecosystem ecologists, microbial ecologists, fish biologists, and environmental managers.
Author: Jefferson Thad Scott
Author: Jefferson Thad Scott
Author: Robert H. Kadlec
Author: M. E. Azim
Author: Jane M. Ledwin
Author: Yonghong Wu
Author: K. Ramesh Reddy
Author: Tatenda Dalu
Author: 
Author: Erik Jeppesen
Author: B. J. Biggs