Performance Test and Techno-economic Evaluation of a PV Powered Reverse Osmosis Brackish Water Desalination System in West Bank PDF Download

Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 348

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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8

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The photovoltaic (PV)-powered reverse-osmosis (RO) desalination system is considered one of the most promising technologies in producing fresh water from both brackish and sea water, especially for small systems located in remote areas. We analyze the economic viability of a small PV-operated RO system with a capacity of 5 m3/day used to desalinate brackish water of 4000 ppm total dissolve solids, which is proposed to be installed in a remote area of the Babylon governorate in the middle of Iraq; this area possesses excellent insolation throughout the year. Our analysis predicts very good economic and environmental benefits of using this system. The lowest cost of fresh water achieved from using this system is US $3.98/ m3, which is very reasonable compared with the water cost reported by small-sized desalination plants installed in rural areas in other parts of the world. Our analysis shows that using this small system will prevent the release annually of 8,170 kg of CO2, 20.2 kg of CO, 2.23 kg of CH, 1.52 kg of particulate matter, 16.41 kg of SO2, and 180 kg of NOx.

Author: Ali Al-Karaghouli
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Syed Javaid Zaidi
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128241721
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 489

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Reverse Osmosis Systems: Design, Optimization and Troubleshooting Guide describes in depth knowledge of designing and operating reverse osmosis (RO) systems for water desalination, and covers issues which will effect the probability for the long-standing success of the application. It also provides guidelines that will increase the performance of seawater RO desalination systems by avoiding errors in the design and operation and suggest corrective measures and troubleshooting of the problems encountered during RO operation. This book also provides guidelines for the best RO design and operational performance. In the introductory section, the book covers the history of RO along with the fundamentals, principles, transport models, and equations. Following sections cover the practical areas such as pretreatment processes, design parameters, design software programs (WAVE, IMSDesign, TORAYDS2, Lewaplus, ROAM Ver. 2.0, Winflows etc.), RO performance monitoring, normalization software programs (RODataXL and TorayTrak), troubleshooting as well as system engineering. Simplified methods to use the design software programs are also properly illustrated and the screenshots of the results, methods etc. are also given here along with a video tutorial.The final section of the book includes the frequently asked questions along with their answers. Moreover, various case studies carried out and recent developments related to RO system performance, membrane fouling, scaling, and degradation studies have been analyzed. The book also has several work out examples, which are detailed in a careful as well as simple manner that help the reader to understand and follow it properly. The information presented in some of the case studies are obtained from existing commercial RO desalination plants. These topics enable the book to become a perfect tool for engineers and plant operators/technicians, who are responsible for RO system design, operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting. With the right system design, proper operation, and maintenance program, the RO system can offer high purity water for several years. - Provides guidelines for the optimum design and operational performance of reverse osmosis desalination plants - Presents step-by-step procedure to design reverse osmosis system with the latest design software programs along with a video tutorial - Analyzes some of the issues faced during the design and operation of the reverse osmosis desalination systems, suggest corrective measures and its troubleshooting - Discusses reverse osmosis desalination pretreatment processes, design parameters, system performance monitoring, and normalization software programs - Examines recent developments related to system performance, membrane fouling, and scaling studies - Presents case studies related to commercial reverse osmosis desalination plants - Perfect training guide for engineers and plant operators, who are responsible for reverse osmosis system design, operation and maintainance

Author: Michael A. Jones
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages :

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Global growing demand for agricultural production has put increased pressure on freshwater resources in various global locations. Many areas have saline groundwater resources which have not been utilized for agriculture due to the economics associated with water pumping and desalination. Limited availability to electricity and high operational costs of diesel generators are major obstacles to utilization of these resources. Reduced costs associated with large-scale renewable energy have renewed interest in understanding the potential impacts of developing distributed photovoltaic (PV) powered water pumping and desalination systems for agriculture. In order to determine the economic feasibility of solar-powered water pumping and desalination for agriculture, an engineering system model that performs hourly simulations of direct-coupled PV pumping and desalination systems by integrating environmental resource data and industrial component performance data was developed. Optimization algorithms were created to identify the best membrane type, control method and reverse osmosis system configuration for a given set of locational parameters. Economic analysis shows that PV-powered systems are more economical than diesel-powered systems for water pumping, with water desalination costs for PV- and diesel-powered systems being comparable. Grid-powered systems are able to pump and desalinate water for a lower cost than PV or diesel for all cases evaluated. A sensitivity analysis is performed to generalize results for different input parameters and illustrate the impact of input variables on water unit costs. Several case studies in the Jordan Valley were evaluated to illustrate the economic viability of solar-based systems with simulation results including a direct comparison to diesel- and grid-connected alternatives. Results indicate that under fair environmental conditions and irrigating greenhouse vegetables, the PV-, diesel-, and grid-powered systems produce favorable internal rates of return of 40%, 84%, and 248%, respectively. Under poor environmental conditions and less profitable crops the PV-, diesel-, and grid-powered systems all result in negative internal rates of return, illustrating the need for optimal location and crop selection for system implementation.

Author: United States. Office of Saline Water
Publisher:
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Category : Saline water conversion
Languages : en
Pages : 532

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Author: Lucio Rizzuti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402055080
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 391

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Book Description
This book of the NATO Science Series presents the state-of-the-art of Desalination Technologies driven by Renewable Energies, highlighting the results achieved in the research field and presenting the potentialities of such technologies. It provides an up-to-date point-of-reference on the topic, giving an extensive overview of the current status of solar desalination, both from the research and industrial point of view.

Author: Nikolay Voutchkov
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128099453
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 308

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Book Description
Pretreatment for Reverse Osmosis Desalination is a comprehensive reference on all existing and emerging seawater pretreatment technologies used for desalination. The book focuses on reverse osmosis membrane desalination, which at present is the most widely applied technology for the production of fresh drinking water from highly saline water sources (brackish water and seawater). Each chapter contains examples illustrating various pretreatment technologies and their practical implementation. - Provides in-depth overview of the key theoretical concepts associated with desalination pre-treatment - Gives insight into the latest trends in membrane separation technology - Incorporates analytical methods and guidelines for monitoring pretreatment systems

Author: Andrew Samuel Reimers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 228

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Demand for energy and water are increasing worldwide, contributing to concerns about climate change and water scarcity. These concerns have motivated a wide range of research on the “energy-water nexus," i.e., the ways by which energy and water systems interact with each other. One strategy for dealing with water scarcity is to desalinate seawater or brackish groundwater. Because desalination is more energy intensive than conventional water treatment, it puts additional stress on energy systems and efforts to reduce carbon emissions. Thus, managing water scarcity requires a holistic approach to evaluating water and energy systems. This manuscript presents two studies on energy-water systems that focus on electric power generation and desalination. The first study is a grid-level analysis of power generation and desalination systems in Kuwait with the goal of identifying strategies for reducing the cost and emissions. The second of study is a systems level analysis of a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant integrated with a combined cycle natural gas plant using the Texas electricity and gas market as a case study. The first study uses a unit-commitment model to simulate the operation of power generation and desalination plants in Kuwait. The model is used to evaluate the optimal allocation of fuel among Kuwait's power and desalination plants, the effect of building solar PV and new RO capacity in Kuwait, and the effect of implementing a tax on CO2 emissions in Kuwait. These analyses find that any of these strategies could be effective at reducing emissions of CO2, SO2, and NO [sunscript x] in Kuwait while also reducing costs or incurring a modest increase in cost. The second study uses a mixed integer program to model the operation of an RO plant integrated with a small-scale combined cycle natural gas plant (CCGT) where the power plant can either power the RO plant or sell electricity to the grid. This facility is compared against a standalone RO plant to determine if the economic and environmental benefits of an on-site power plant outweigh its higher capital costs. These analyses indicate that a small-scale CCGT plant could share intake infrastructure with the RO plant, would have lower emissions than electricity from the grid, and that the levelized cost of water for an integrated CCGT-RO plant would be lower than a standalone RO plant.

Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 81

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Description of the engineering development and testing of a desalination system for brackish water, powered by solar electric (photovoltaic) modules, intended for use in remote areas where potable water and electric power are not now available. The system consists of a 24 V battery, DC motor, high pressure pump, reverse osmosis membranes, a filter and an electronic controller, and is powered by an array of 24 standard PV modules.