Performance, Economic and Environmental Impact Analysis of Recycled Materials and 3D Printing Process for Sustainable Construction PDF Download

Author: Muhammad Huzaifa Raza
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Additive manufacturing
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Tiago Yuiti Kamiya
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030696952
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 71

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Book Description
This book presents the methodology of environmental and financial performance evaluation in 3D printing processes using the MFCA and LCA. This methodology is divided into 7 main steps, which are: a) identification of the analysis problem (for example, comparison of different types of 3D printer for use in a given purpose, comparison of different printing materials for the same 3D printer technology, among others) and definition of printing parameters; b) definition of the product to be printed; c) preparation of the printing process flow diagram; d) definition or measurement of the lifespan of the printed product; e) data collection for the implementation of the LCA tool (for example, mass and energy balances); f) data collection for the implementation of the MFCA tool (for example, mass balances, energy balances, mass costs, energy costs, labor costs, etc.); and g) comparative assessment of the financial and environmental performance of 3D printing. As a way of exemplifying the application of this methodology, a real case is presented involving the comparison of two types of materials (Polylactic Acid – PLA – and Polyethylene Glycol Polyterephthalate – PETG) used in the 3D printing process by FDM technology. The part printed in this real case was a clearance gauge used as a joint spacing control by an automobile industry located in Brazil. The development of the methodology and consequent application has shown that it can be used by users of 3D printing, in the most diverse areas, to support their decision in choices that can present the best performance, both financial and environmental.

Author: Kamalpreet Sandhu
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030752356
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 194

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Book Description
With advancement in modern technology human life span in 21st century has significantly improved as compared to past centuries. Indeed, the manufacturing and household wastes have also boosted in the same era, presenting a hazardous condition to the various living beings. However, through smart methodologies, it can be possible to recycle/reuse of the different types of wastes as a feedstock convenient for specialized manufacturing technologies, such as 3D printing. This means that through proper facilities the waste can be used as the raw material for the printing technologies with characteristic at par with the virgin feedstock. Furthermore, producing the feedstock using waste materials will help to reduce the cost of the processing material, productivity and eco-friendliness of this manufacturing technology. This book will cover a boarder aspect of such efforts wherein various applications and state of art solutions will be discussed in a comprehensive way. This book will be much interest for academics, research and entrepreneur who are working in the field materials science, 3D printing, and manufacturing because of its coverage of state of art solution in the field of commercial, industrial and healthcare products.

Author: Kamalakanta Muduli
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1394198205
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 548

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Book Description
This book highlights the important use of digital technologies and the latest developments in mechanical and industrial engineering to enhance environmental and resource sustainability. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have as their overarching objective the reduction or eradication of a wide range of global problems, including, but not limited to poverty, climate change, environmental degradation, and inequality. Digital technologies (DTs) have the potential to be exploited to meet the goals associated with the circular economy (CE) and sustainable development. Additive manufacturing (AM), cyber-physical systems (CPS), and blockchain technology are examples of DT-enabled technologies that are helpful for businesses that seek to shift to a circular economic model. With the remanufacturing of products, applications that make use of virtual reality and augmented reality, in addition to the Internet of Things, simplify the construction of strategic decision models that reduce time and expense while simultaneously increasing productivity. In addition, the utilization of big data analytics helps businesses discover previously undisclosed trends and unlock numerous opportunities for environmental and resource sustainability. Employing analytics makes it feasible to collect helpful information regarding the socio-environmental impact of a product, as well as consumption factors over the entirety of a product’s life cycle. This book contains 44 comprehensive chapters and is divided into five parts. Part 1 delves deeply into sustainable operational practices and supply chain management. The impact that digital technology-enabled operational techniques have on product life cycles is investigated, as well as the design of efficient remanufacturing processes, environmentally friendly logistics and warehousing practices, sustainable designs for distributed energy supply systems, and efficient recycling procedures. Part 2 provides a perspective on advanced materials and developments for sustainable manufacturing. The chapters in this section address sustainable material development and its application in the circular economy concept. Included here is an in-depth exploration of cutting-edge technology for synthesis, processing, fabrication, process optimization, testing, and performance evaluation of advanced materials. Part 3 covers sustainable manufacturing practices and looks at the problems faced by the industry when using digital technologies in their operations, as well as the possible benefits. Part 4 examines sustainable innovation in mechanical design. It addresses all aspects of mechanical design that contribute to sustainable innovation for nation-building. Part 5 delves into heat transfer and fluid flow concepts for sustainable product development and applications. The chapters explain how to construct sustainable energy systems by reducing the total amount of energy that is utilized, enhancing the efficiency of the process of energy conversion, and making use of sources of energy that are renewable. Audience This book has a wide audience in academic institutions and engineers in a variety of manufacturing industries. It will also appeal to economists and policymakers working on the circular economy, clean tech investors, industrial decision-makers, and environmental professionals.

Author: Julia L Freer Goldstein
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040011462
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 262

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Book Description
This book examines sustainable manufacturing, from the extraction of materials to processing, use, and disposal, and argues that significant changes in all of the above are needed for the world to progress toward a more circular economy. Materials and processing methods are usually chosen with performance as the key metric. Why has our society embraced plastics? Because they work. In most cases, they are lighter, easier to manufacture, and less expensive than the metal, wood, glass, or stone they have replaced. Why do industrial manufacturers use toxic chemicals? Because they are effective, but the unintended consequences may be severe. By learning how various materials are made and what happens when they are recycled, readers will better understand the value of materials and the challenges that manufacturers face when trying to make their facilities and products less toxic and less wasteful. The three chapters in Part I provide essential background about materials in the circular economy, chemicals, and waste. Part II delves into specific materials. It includes chapters on plastics, metals, wood and paper products, glass, and novel materials. Part III covers recycling and manufacturing processes, and Part IV delves into practical considerations, including the effect of regulations, concluding with a chapter that helps readers translate the information presented into action. Interviews with industry experts round out the chapters and offer valuable insights. Materials and Sustainability is a must-read for business professionals who are serious about making their companies as environmentally responsible as possible and for business and engineering students who want to begin their careers with practical knowledge about materials and their impacts.

Author: Assed N. Haddad
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323951236
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 554

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Book Description
Materials Selection for Sustainability in the Built Environment: Environmental, Social and Economic Aspects presents the current state-of-the-art when it comes to the decision-making process for choosing construction materials to deliver sustainable construction projects. Aspects covered include the science of enhanced decision-making via operational research and machine learning techniques and how this can be implemented in various disciplines such as architecture, engineering and construction. To this end, the book discusses environmental, economic and social aspects in assessing construction materials and presents different tools and methods that can benefit and facilitate this process. Finally, the book reviews previous publications on construction material selection and presents essential discussions on the role professionals, researchers, contractors and governments play in making more sustainable decisions on the built environment. - Presents a lifecycle management-based, systematic and integrated approach for sustainable construction materials selection - Discusses the impact of materials selection, covering every aspect of sustainability (environmental, social and economic aspects) - Looks at the concept of the circular economy - Provides case studies on decision-making methods in combination with lifecycle sustainability assessments

Author: Neal Masters
Publisher: Thomas Telford Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 234

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Book Description
Interest in sustainable development and environmental issues is intensifying. The environmental performance of the construction industry and the impact that construction materials have on the environment throughout their life cycle is increasingly under the scrutiny of local, national and international environmental pressure groups and consequently the general public.Sustainable use of new and recycled materials in coastal and fluvial construction gives practical guidance on how to apply the principles of sustainable construction in coastal and fluvial construction by assessing the environmental impacts of the alternative project options.

Author: Anna Szelągowska
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000484300
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 348

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Book Description
This book presents the ways in which three key issues of the modern world – transformation, digitalisation and sustainability – may be combined for the greater good and highlights which activities may be designed to integrate these three directly linked paths. It is an experience-derived and evidence-based analysis of how sustainable development impacts the transformation of the economy and how the business environment influences economic transformation in the light of the sustainable development principles. The book addresses the current challenges and shows how the economy can be transformed further in an organic way that meets the needs of society and the environment, through the use of digital technologies. The multidisciplinary approach to sustainability transformation is one of the core strengths of the book, as it emphasises the need for a holistic approach to the functioning of sustainable development ideas at the micro- and macro-levels. The authors present a fresh perspective, particularly around the regulations stimulating the sustainable development of enterprises, tax systems, and the allocation of capital. Moreover, the book brings together and makes available the results of the latest research on the subject, using a vast amount of primary evidence and both quantitative and qualitative methodology. The authors’ insights go beyond the obvious effects of economic transformation and call attention to ways in which smart technology and digitalisation may help to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. The book is directed first and foremost towards academics, researchers and students, but also professionals, who would like to expand their knowledge of sustainable development from a scientific perspective. Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Author: Eleanor Frances Bloom
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Life cycle costing
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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Book Description
There is interest in determining and validating the environmental and economic benefits of incorporating recycled materials into road construction using life cycle assessments (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) tools. However, the process of collecting the necessary data for LCAs and LCCAs from departments of transportations (DOTs) and road construction contractors is not well defined. This thesis provides a study of real-time data collection to compare with the results of pre-construction estimated LCA data. The goal of this comparison is to determine a data collection precedent for environmental analyses of future transportation projects. Additionally, two prominent LCA tools were used in conducting the assessment and the results were compared to validate the predicted impacts. The primary body of this thesis focuses on a specific, project-based LCA and LCCA of the reconstruction and expansion of a 2.4-km (1.5-mi) stretch of the eastbound Beltline Highway in Madison, Wisconsin. Recycled materials used in this reconstruction include: fly ash, slag, recycled asphalt shingles (RAS), recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Fly ash and slag were used as a partial replacement of cement in the ready-mix concrete. RAP was used in both hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement as well as a base course material. RAS was substituted for binder and aggregate material in some HMA mix designs. RCA, both recycled onsite and imported, was substituted for base and subbase material. Two data collection methodologies were employed to gather the necessary inputs for the LCA of the reconstruction: 1) material quantities estimated from designs and specifications as planned prior to construction (referred as Planned), and 2) material quantities explicitly tracked and collected while construction was on-going (referred as Constructed). In the Planned data collection methodology, quantities were calculated using plan drawings and average mix designs. In the Constructed data collection methodology, key site-specific Wisconsin DOT (WisDOT) and contractor files were accessed for material quantity information. Two prominent tools were used to conduct the LCAs with the objective of validating impact results. The Pavement Life-cycle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic Effects (PaLATE) is an open-source LCA and LCCA program specifically developed for highway construction. Environmental outputs include energy and water consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and more. The second LCA tool, SimaPro, is a professional LCA software used to collect, analyze, and monitor the sustainability performance data of products and services. Some of the SimaPro impact categories used in this analysis include fossil fuel depletion, global warming, energy demand, and CO2 emissions. When comparing the LCAs of two or more products, a relative ranking of alternatives can be analyzed as well as the absolute impacts. For this study, the design of the actual roadway that incorporated recycled material (referred to as Recycled) was compared to a hypothetical design comprised of no recycled material (referred to as Virgin). In the Virgin design, recycled material quantities were replaced with equivalent virgin materials. This method demonstrates the impact reductions from the use of recycled material. To validate the LCA results, impacts predicted by PaLATE versus SimaPro were compared, with the primary focus on the common impact categories of energy and CO2 emissions. Results show that the material quantities obtained from the two data collection methods are within one order of magnitude for all categories, demonstrating general agreement regardless of Constructed or Planned data. Generally, the Constructed data predicts slightly greater (1.2x to 2.2x) material use as compared to the Planned data. Impact reductions were seen in all PaLATE categories from the use of recycled materials, regardless of data collection methodology. However, most impact categories saw greater reductions using the Planned data as compared to the Constructed data. The greater reductions are due to a greater ratio of recycled to virgin material use in the quantities found by using the Planned data collection method. A comparison of absolute impact predictions, rather than reductions, revealed that the Planned data quantities saw lower impacts than the Constructed data. The Constructed data quantities have greater absolute impacts because this collection methodology found that more materials were used overall than as predicted by the Planned data collection method. Similar results are seen for the SimaPro analysis, but in different environmental impact categories. Overall, the Planned and Constructed data produced relatively comparable results. In the particularly relevant categories of energy and CO2 emissions, the two data sets' results had a difference of only 7-8% according to the PaLATE analysis. In SimaPro’s global warming and fossil fuel depletion categories, the Constructed data results predicted a 5-6% difference from the Planned data impacts reductions. When validating the impacts across PaLATE and SimaPro, the predictions from both tools for energy and CO2 emissions appear to have minor variability (within 10%). The trends explored in this thesis indicate that the data collection methodology and resulting LCA inputs have a greater influence in environmental impact predictions as compared to the analysis tools, particularly for energy and CO2 emissions. Additionally, an LCCA was conducted using a simple cost-savings based on material unit prices. To calculate the savings, the cost for a recycled material was compared to the cost for an equivalent virgin material (e.g. fly ash vs. cement). Planned data lifetime savings for the project were estimated at approximately $209,800, while the Constructed data predicted a lifetime savings of $267,000. In general, the Constructed data quantities resulted in more cost savings because more recycled materials quantities were found by this collection methodology. The grand total savings differ by approximately $57,000. While this may seem like a small number compared to typical DOT budgets, it becomes significant when considering the savings are for only 3 lane-miles. This stresses why explicit tracking may be important to accurately determine cost reductions from recycled material use. Based on the LCAs and LCCA, similar economic and environmental impacts and reductions were predicted using the two data collection methodologies. However, the Constructed data collection was able to capture more accurate material quantities, as well as a greater variety of material types and mix designs. Although this in-depth tracking of material may have resulted in more accurate life cycle impact predictions, the Planned data quantities resulted in similar enough impacts to suggest that this methodology could be an acceptable method for estimating future LCA inputs. Additionally, based on comparable impact assessment parameters, the two LCA software tools provided similar results in terms of energy use and CO2 emissions. Therefore, DOTs should attempt to focus future efforts on material tracking for the purpose of LCAs and LCCAs when these issues are critical. Additional studies are included in Appendix A and B. Appendix A discusses a case study conducted prior to the analysis included in the main thesis. For the Appendix A study, data was collected post-construction from designs and plans, i.e. data was not explicitly tracked. The assumptions and concerns generated by this first case study prompted the data collection methodology research question posed by the main thesis. Appendix B includes a report on the development of an environmental impact tool used to assess the sustainable management of pavements in poor condition. For this impact tool, different rehabilitation and management methods are analyzed for economic and environmental costs. The environmental impact of each management strategy was calculated using LCAs, and the results were incorporated in a more in-depth evaluation tool. This paper demonstrates an application of road-related LCAs that differs from the two case studies.

Author: Vítor M.C.F. Cunha
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030765431
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 315

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Book Description
This book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 3rd RILEM Spring Convention and Conference, held at Guimarães and hosted by the University of Minho, Portugal, on March 9-14, 2020. The theme of the Conference was “Ambitioning a Sustainable Future for Built Environment: comprehensive strategies for unprecedented challenges”, which was aimed at discussing current challenges and impacts of the built environment on sustainability. The present volume is dedicated to the topic “Shift to a circular economy”, which is focussed on sustainability and covers the research and recent technologies on the use and development of sustainable materials and structural systems, as well as on recycling and reusing. It also covers the implementation of industrial processes leading to minimized waste, including digital fabrication and deconstruction, as well as integrative approaches that lead to the achievement of the concept of circular economy. Additionally, this topic covers research on novel or existing construction materials and systems based on local resources and regional practices. The following subtopics are included: industrialized construction systems minimizing waste; recycling and reuse of materials and components; 4Ls: local constructions with local materials through local approaches for local development; Digital Manufacturing; design for deconstruction; smart demolition techniques; timber structures; Life-Cycle Assessment of construction materials and technologies; recycling of pavements and materials in roads.