Performance and Emission Study Using Blended Fuels in a Small, Single-cylinder Engine PDF Download

Author: Bruce S. Hinton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 174

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Author: Society of Automotive Engineers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 154

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Author: Martin Kaltschmitt
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662530651
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 761

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This book provides a detailed overview of aspects related to the overall provision chain for biokerosene as part of the global civil aviation business. Starting with a review of the current market situation for aviation fuels and airplanes and their demands, it then presents in-depth descriptions of classical and especially new types of non-edible biomass feedstock suitable for biokerosene provision. Subsequent chapters discuss those fuel provision processes that are already available and those still under development based on various biomass feedstock materials, and present e.g. an overview of the current state of the art in the production of a liquid biomass-based fuel fulfilling the specifications for kerosene. Further, given the growing interest of the aviation industry and airlines in biofuels for aviation, the experiences of an air-carrier are presented. In closing, the book provides a market outlook for biokerosene. Addressing a broad range of aspects related to the pros and cons of biokerosene as a renewable fuel for aviation, the book offers a unique resource.

Author: Richard Stanley Wagner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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Author: Jon-Russell J. Groenewegen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomass energy
Languages : en
Pages : 136

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This thesis research was conducted in pursuit of the DoD's plan for the universal use of a heavy, low volatility hydrocarbon fuel, and the increased interest in bio-derived fuels for small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS's). Currently a majority of small UAS's use small spark ignition engines for their high power densities. Typically, these systems use commercial off-the-shelf power plants that are not optimized for fuel efficiency. Increased fuel efficiency is being pursued alongside the ability to utilize military heavy fuels. A test stand using a 33.5 cc four-stroke, spark ignition, air-cooled, single cylinder engine was constructed. Research was conducted to establish the feasibility of converting the existing system to utilize JP-8 with the stock mechanical carburetion. The stock carburetion had difficulty maintaining a consistent air/fuel ratio across the entire engine operating range. To resolve this, an electronic fuel injection system was developed to gain greater control over fuel mixture. An air-assisted electronic fuel injector was sourced from a scooter and adapted to work with the 33.5cc four-stroke engine. An aluminum injector mount was designed and machined and electronic controls were employed. Sensors on the valvetrain and crankshaft were developed as control signals for the injection system. The injector was characterized for flow rates and droplet size. The test stand consisted of a small dynamometer coupled to the engine. Servo throttle actuation was designed and throttle position was monitored with a throttle position sensor. The air-assisted injector was supplied with regulated shop air, and the fuel pressurized using regulated nitrogen. A fuel flowmeter and mass air flowmeter monitored equivalence ratio. Work was done to facilitate smooth measurement of unsteady air flow intrinsic to single-cylinder engines. Performance testing showed a decrease in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) while utilizing the injection system for the baseline fuel (Avgas 100LL), as greater mixture control (closer to stoichiometric) was realized. The engine was started using gasoline. Heavy fuel testing showed the ability to achieve required torque values at certain engine speeds. JP-8 was tested on the carbureted engine and fuel injected engine, showing a decrease in BSFC over baseline (carbureted avgas) with the carburetor and a further decrease in BSFC for the injected system. Biofuels that were tested were plant-based Camelina (carbureted and injected) and a UDRI grown and extracted algae-based fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biofuel blended with D2 diesel in a 20% algae/80% diesel blend. Performance results for the Camelina showed a decrease in BSFC for the carbureted engine and the largest decrease of all the test fuels for the injected Camelina fuel. The algae blend showed less decrease in BSFC than the 100% diesel fuel. Emissions data were recorded as well. The injection system demonstrated less CO emissions for the injected fuels over the carbureted fuels due to closer to stoichiometric mixtures. Similarly, unburned hydrocarbon emissions decreased when injection was employed. NOx emissions were higher for the fuel injected engine, as peak NOx emissions will typically occur at slightly lean conditions and the injected fuels were closer to peak NOx emission conditions.

Author: Niraj Kumar
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323908764
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 414

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Advances in Oxygenated Fuels for Sustainable Development: Feedstocks and Precursors for Catalysts Synthesis provides a roadmap to the sustainable implementation of oxygenated fuels in internal combustion engines through sustainable production, smart distribution and effective utilization. Focusing on the sustainability of feedstocks, the book assesses availability, emissions impact and reduction potential, and biodiversity and land utilization impact. Existing technologies and supply chains are reviewed, and recommendations are provided on how to sustainably implement or update these technologies, including for rural communities. Furthermore, effective supply and distribution network designs are provided alongside methods for monitoring and assessing their sustainability, accounting for social, economic, environmental and ecological factors. This book guides readers through every aspect of the production and commercialization of sustainable oxygenated fuels for internal combustion engines and their implementation across the global transport industry. Provides multilevel perspectives on how to facilitate the sustainable production of oxygenated fuel and develop new indices for measuring the effectiveness and sustainability of implementation Recommends a framework and criteria for assessing the suitability, sustainability, and environmental benefits of oxygenated biofuels Describes the fuel properties of all oxygenated fuels and their performance in unmodified and enhanced CI and SI engines

Author: Gabriele Di Blasio
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 981168751X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 251

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This book discusses the impact of fuels characteristics and their effects on the combustion processes in internal combustion engines. It includes the analysis of a variety of biofuels (alcohol fuels and biodiesel) and biogases (natural gas, hydrogen, etc.), providing valuable information related to consequent effects on performance and emissions. The contents focus on recent results and current trends of fuel utilization in the transport sector. State-of-the-art of clean fuels application are also discussed. Thighs book will be of interest to those in academia and industry involved in fuels, IC engines, engine instrumentation, and environmental research.

Author: Solar Energy Research Institute. Technical Information Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alcohol as fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 488

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alcohol as fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 474

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Author: Solar Energy Information Data Bank (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alcohol as fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 460

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Book Description
Bijna 4000 referenties zijn in deze bibliografie verzameld. De selectie werd beperkt door uitsluitend referenties te verzamelen die betrekking hebben op methyl of ethyl en bovendien afkomstig zijn van biomassa bronnen. De referenties zijn gerangschikt in hoofdstukken zoals veevoeder, produktiemethoden, bijprodukten, brandstof voor voertuigen (uitgezonderd vliegtuigen en raketten) en economische, milieu- en politieke aspecten. Uitgesloten werden patenten en niet meer beschikbare rapporten. Ook beperkt deze bibliografie zich tot in het Engels geschreven documenten. Ondanks de beperkingen is het een indrukwekkende hoeveelheid literatuur over alcoholic fuels voor alcoholic fools. Men realizere zich echter dat het niet bestemd is voor alcoholic fools die experimenteren met het gebruik van alcoholic fuels voor hun eigen energievoorziening