Performance and Economic Modeling of Horizontally Drilled Ground-source Heat Pumps in Select California Climates PDF Download
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Author: Steven Wiryadinata Publisher: ISBN: 9781339066806 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Service life modeling was performed to gage the viability of unitary 3.5 kWt̳, ground-source terminal heat pumps (GTHP) employing horizontal directionally drilled geothermal heat exchangers (GHX) over air-source terminal heat pumps (PTHP) in hotels and motels and residential apartment building sectors in California's coastal and inland climates. Results suggest the GTHP can reduce hourly peak demand for the utility by 7%-25% compared to PTHP, depending on the climate and building type. The annual energy savings, which range from -1% to 5%, are highly dependent on the GTHP pump energy use relative to the energy savings attributed to the difference in ground and air temperatures ([delta]T). In mild climates with small [delta]T, the pump energy use may overcome any advantage to utilizing a GHX. The majority of total levelized cost savings - ranging from $0.18/ft2 to $0.3/ft2 - are due to reduced maintenance and lifetime capital cost normally associated with geothermal heat pump systems. Without these reductions (not validated for the GTHP system studied), the GTHP technology does not appear to offer significant advantages over PTHP in the climate zones studied here. The GTHP levelized cost was most sensitive to variations in installed cost and in some cases, energy use (influenced by climate zone choice), which together highlights the importance of climate selection for installation, and the need for larger market penetration of ground-source systems in order to bring down installed costs as the technology matures.
Author: Steven Wiryadinata Publisher: ISBN: 9781339066806 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Service life modeling was performed to gage the viability of unitary 3.5 kWt̳, ground-source terminal heat pumps (GTHP) employing horizontal directionally drilled geothermal heat exchangers (GHX) over air-source terminal heat pumps (PTHP) in hotels and motels and residential apartment building sectors in California's coastal and inland climates. Results suggest the GTHP can reduce hourly peak demand for the utility by 7%-25% compared to PTHP, depending on the climate and building type. The annual energy savings, which range from -1% to 5%, are highly dependent on the GTHP pump energy use relative to the energy savings attributed to the difference in ground and air temperatures ([delta]T). In mild climates with small [delta]T, the pump energy use may overcome any advantage to utilizing a GHX. The majority of total levelized cost savings - ranging from $0.18/ft2 to $0.3/ft2 - are due to reduced maintenance and lifetime capital cost normally associated with geothermal heat pump systems. Without these reductions (not validated for the GTHP system studied), the GTHP technology does not appear to offer significant advantages over PTHP in the climate zones studied here. The GTHP levelized cost was most sensitive to variations in installed cost and in some cases, energy use (influenced by climate zone choice), which together highlights the importance of climate selection for installation, and the need for larger market penetration of ground-source systems in order to bring down installed costs as the technology matures.
Author: Vasile Minea Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000564584 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 841
Book Description
Heating and Cooling with Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Moderate and Cold Climates, Two-Volume Set focuses on the use of very low-temperature geothermal energy for heating and cooling residential, institutional, and industrial buildings, and aims to increase the design community’s awareness and knowledge of the benefits, design, and installation requirements of commercial/institutional building ground-source heat pumps (GSHP). This set helps readers assess applicability, select a GSHP system type, and estimate building thermal load to ensure proper size for ground-source subsystems, appropriate brine and groundwater flow rates, and apt design of building closed-loops with distributed or central geothermal heat pumps. The first volume addresses fundamentals and design principles of vertical and horizontal indirect and direct expansion closed-loop, as well as ground- and surface-water ground-source heat pump systems. It explains the thermodynamic aspects of mechanical and thermochemical compression cycles of geothermal heat pumps, as well as the energetic, economic, and environmental aspects associated with the use of ground-source heat pump systems for heating and cooling residential and commercial/institutional buildings in moderate and cold climates. The second volume focuses on applications and cases studies of ground-source heat pumps in moderate and cold climates. It details technical aspects, as well as the most common and uncommon application fields of basic system configurations. The principles of system integrations and applications in moderate and cold climates are also presented, each followed by case studies. This comprehensive work is aimed at designers of HVAC systems, as well as geological, mechanical, and chemical engineers implementing environmentally-friendly heating and cooling technologies for buildings.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) take advantage of the stored energy in the ground for space heating and cooling. Their greater energy performance compared to conventional heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) is well documented. The key factors that hinder the wide adoption of these systems in the U. S. are relatively high installation costs, lack of knowledgeable installers and owners' uncertainty about their performance. The breadth of GSHP knowledge in the literature has a growing trend that requires new perspectives and performance evaluations to assist further penetration into the HVAC market. The current research investigates the potential application of a post-consumer product of tire industry, tire derived aggregate (TDA), in conjunction with horizontal GSHPs. TDA is composed of chipped scrap tires, which has relatively lower thermal conductivity and higher hydraulic conductivity than soil. TDA's properties could be advantageous in contrast with the properties of the soil overlaying the ground pipes; therefore, it was used as an intermediate layer to form a non-homogeneous vertical soil profile overlaying the ground pipes of a horizontal GSHP. In this research, numerical modeling was employed to study the impacts of the TDA layer on heat transfer regime to/from the ground pipes. A pilot scale set-up also was constructed in Buffalo, NY to explore the heating season performance in the presence of the intermediate TDA layer with actual data. At the end, the economic feasibility of utilizing TDA material with GSHPs was studied via numerical modeling of the whole building energy consumption in different climatic conditions. The outcomes of this research shed light on the design of the proposed non-homogeneous soil profile for horizontal GSHPs, which opens new frontiers in the energy and economic feasibility analysis of GSHP systems.
Author: Vasile Minea Publisher: ISBN: 9781032231884 Category : Air conditioning Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"This book focuses on fundamentals and design principles of vertical and horizontal indirect and direct expansion closed-loop, and ground- and surface water ground-source heat pump systems. It also details the thermodynamic aspects of mechanical and thermo-chemical compression cycles of geothermal heat pumps, as well as the energetic, economic and environmental aspects associated with the use of ground-source heat pump systems for heating and cooling residential and commercial/institutional buildings in moderate and cold climates"--
Author: Mohamed Ali Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect on horizontal ground heat exchanger performance of changing soil and load parameters, and pipe horizontal separation distance for ground-coupled heat pumps under Egyptian conditions. Egypt possesses a variety of energy resources; namely fossil and renewable. The amount of renewable energy available is significant and must be utilized perfectly for the sake of achieving sustainable use of energy resources. Soils in Egypt vary widely from being clay with its thermal conductivity of 1.11 (for clay particles) to sand with its thermal conductivity of 5.77 (for sand particles). Two soil samples were chosen from the literature to be used in the investigation held in this work with boundary conditions that match the weather and ground temperature distribution conditions in Egypt. Conduction heat transfer in soils is a very complicated process especially when it is combined with time dependant boundary conditions and temperature dependent thermophysical properties of the medium. A MATLAB code was used to estimate thermophysical properties of the soil samples with three different moisture contents (0, 0.2, and saturation %) and the upper boundary condition bases on two surface dryness conditions (dry and wet). The results of the code were fed to Abqaus/CAE to analysis and predict the temperature distribution in these soils with implementing the time dependant boundary conditions to investigate the ground thermal behaviour of these soils. Also the temperature distribution around two pipes per trench of horizontal ground heat exchanger with applying synthetic load based on estimated cooling and heating degree days for one set of weather conditions. The horizontal separation distance between pipes was investigated by changing it to be 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 metres. Both the MATLAB code and Abaqus environment were validated against measured data published in the literature and their results agreed well with this data. The results of the simulation showed that the ground thermal behaviour depends mainly on the boundary conditions applied on the model. Dry soils are the worst being affected by the variation of the boundaries, because of its low volumetric heat capacities. The moisture content in the soil should be kept around 0.2 or above to get the most benefits from the presence of moisture in the vicinity of ground heat exchangers. The effect of the soil surface dryness is less significant than that of the moisture content of the entire system but it is more controllable than the moisture content. Also it was found that the horizontal separation distance (HSD) between pipes must be selected on the bases of prior knowledge of the site parameters soil type and moisture level. The results showed that the 0.4m HSD is the optimum HSD for the conditions and load profile included in this study.
Author: Simon Rees Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0081003226 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 484
Book Description
Advances in Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems relates the latest information on source heat pumps (GSHPs), the types of heating and/or cooling systems that transfer heat from, or to, the ground, or, less commonly, a body of water. As one of the fastest growing renewable energy technologies, they are amongst the most energy efficient systems for space heating, cooling, and hot water production, with significant potential for a reduction in building carbon emissions. The book provides an authoritative overview of developments in closed loop GSHP systems, surface water, open loop systems, and related thermal energy storage systems, addressing the different technologies and component methods of analysis and optimization, among other subjects. Chapters on building integration and hybrid systems complete the volume. - Provides the geological aspects and building integration covered together in one convenient volume - Includes chapters on hybrid systems - Presents carefully selected chapters that cover areas in which there is significant ongoing research - Addresses geothermal heat pumps in both heating and cooling modes
Author: Andrew D. Chiasson Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118961978 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 496
Book Description
A unique approach to the study of geothermal energy systems This book takes a unique, holistic approach to the interdisciplinary study of geothermal energy systems, combining low, medium, and high temperature applications into a logical order. The emphasis is on the concept that all geothermal projects contain common elements of a "thermal energy reservoir" that must be properly designed and managed. The book is organized into four sections that examine geothermal systems: energy utilization from resource and site characterization; energy harnessing; energy conversion (heat pumps, direct uses, and heat engines); and energy distribution and uses. Examples are provided to highlight fundamental concepts, in addition to more complex system design and simulation. Key features: Companion website containing software tools for application of fundamental principles and solutions to real-world problems. Balance of theory, fundamental principles, and practical application. Interdisciplinary treatment of the subject matter. Geothermal Heat Pump & Heat Engine Systems: Theory and Practice is a unique textbook for Energy Engineering and Mechanical Engineering students as well as practicing engineers who are involved with low-enthalpy geothermal energy systems.
Author: Jefferson W. Tester Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262201537 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 884
Book Description
Evaluates trade-offs and uncertainties inherent in achieving sustainable energy, analyzes the major energy technologies, and provides a framework for assessing policy options.
Author: Steven Wiryadinata
Author: Steven Wiryadinata
Author: Vasile Minea
Author: 
Author: 
Author: P. F. Healy
Author: Vasile Minea
Author: Mohamed Ali
Author: Simon Rees
Author: Andrew D. Chiasson
Author: Jefferson W. Tester