Perchlorate Ion (C104) Removal Using an Electrochemically Induced Catalytic Reaction on Modified Activated Carbon PDF Download
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Author: Meredith Caitlyn Langille Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Perchlorate is known to adversely affect the thyroid gland functions including iodide take up, thus perchlorate should be removed from drinking water. Bituminous coal-based activated carbon (AC) has been used for perchlorate removal in past years. Virgin carbon and carbon modified by oxidation with HNO3, NaOH and H2O2 were examined in this study for their ability to remove perchlorate by reduction or adsorption mechanisms. Surface functional groups formed on the modified AC (MAC) were examined with diffuse reflectance infrared spectrometry. Inhibition of perchlorate removal onto MAC by various anions ( - Cl, - 3 NO, and - 2 4 SO) and solution pH (4.5, 7.2 and 10.5) were examined to characterize the MACs before an electrochemical reaction was performed. Surface functional groups were increased by oxidation. Groups that were found on the carbon include, but are not limited to lactone, quinine, carboxylate, and nitrogenoxygen groups. The effect of pH on removal of perchlorate by MAC was greatly affected by the change in the zero point charge (ZPC) induced on the carbon by modification. Virgin carbon also experienced difficulty in removing perchlorate when solution pH was above the ZPC. Anion inhibition varied with the modification process. - 3 NO inhibited perchlorate removal only by the virgin carbon. The other anions showed no major effects on the removal efficiency of perchlorate by the carbons. Electrochemical processes did not show favorable results in removal of perchlorate. The dominant mechanism of perchlorate removal during desorption tests was adsorption onto the carbon surfaces via ion exchange.
Author: Meredith Caitlyn Langille Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Perchlorate is known to adversely affect the thyroid gland functions including iodide take up, thus perchlorate should be removed from drinking water. Bituminous coal-based activated carbon (AC) has been used for perchlorate removal in past years. Virgin carbon and carbon modified by oxidation with HNO3, NaOH and H2O2 were examined in this study for their ability to remove perchlorate by reduction or adsorption mechanisms. Surface functional groups formed on the modified AC (MAC) were examined with diffuse reflectance infrared spectrometry. Inhibition of perchlorate removal onto MAC by various anions ( - Cl, - 3 NO, and - 2 4 SO) and solution pH (4.5, 7.2 and 10.5) were examined to characterize the MACs before an electrochemical reaction was performed. Surface functional groups were increased by oxidation. Groups that were found on the carbon include, but are not limited to lactone, quinine, carboxylate, and nitrogenoxygen groups. The effect of pH on removal of perchlorate by MAC was greatly affected by the change in the zero point charge (ZPC) induced on the carbon by modification. Virgin carbon also experienced difficulty in removing perchlorate when solution pH was above the ZPC. Anion inhibition varied with the modification process. - 3 NO inhibited perchlorate removal only by the virgin carbon. The other anions showed no major effects on the removal efficiency of perchlorate by the carbons. Electrochemical processes did not show favorable results in removal of perchlorate. The dominant mechanism of perchlorate removal during desorption tests was adsorption onto the carbon surfaces via ion exchange.
Author: Baohua Gu Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387311130 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 413
Book Description
Provides a detailed description of perchlorate chemistry and recent advances in innovative remediation technologies for perchlorate contamination and their pros and cons Additionally, the first book to describe the natural occurrence of perchlorate and its unique isotopic signatures for environmental forensics and its detection in the environment, particularly the real-time analysis using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Author: Fritz Scholz Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540261907 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 299
Book Description
Immobilizing particles or droplets on electrodes is a novel and most powerful technique for studying the electrochemical reactions of three-phase systems. It gives access to a wealth of information, ranging from quantitative and phase analysis to thermodynamic and kinetic data of electrode processes. Three-phase electrodes with immobilized droplets provide information on the electrochemistry of redox liquids and of compounds dissolved in inert organic liquids. Such measurements allow the determination of the Gibbs energies of the transfer of cations and anions between immiscible solvents, and thus make it possible to assess the hydrophobicity of ions – a property that is of great importance for pharmaceutical applications, biological studies, and for many fields of chemistry. The monograph gives, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the results published in more than 300 papers over the last 15 years. The experiments are explained in detail, applications from many different fields are presented, and the theoretical basis of the systems is outlined.
Author: Allen J. Bard Publisher: Wiley Global Education ISBN: 1118312805 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 862
Book Description
Das führende Werk auf seinem Gebiet - jetzt durchgängig auf den neuesten Stand gebracht! Die theoretischen Grundlagen der Elektrochemie, erweitert um die aktuellsten Erkenntnisse in der Theorie des Elektronentransfers, werden hier ebenso besprochen wie alle wichtigen Anwendungen, darunter modernste Verfahren (Ultramikroelektroden, modifizierte Elektroden, LCEC, Impedanzspektrometrie, neue Varianten der Pulsvoltammetrie und andere). In erster Linie als Lehrbuch gedacht, läßt sich das Werk aber auch hervorragend zum Selbststudium und zur Auffrischung des Wissensstandes verwenden. Lediglich elementare Grundkenntnisse der physikalischen Chemie werden vorausgesetzt.
Author: Edward Todd Urbansky Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461543037 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 299
Book Description
Based on a symposium sponsored by the Environmental Division of the American Chemical Society, Perchlorate in the Environment is the first comprehensive book to address perchlorate as a potable water contaminant. The two main topics are: analytical chemistry (focusing on ion chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), and treatment or remediation. Also included are topics such as ion exchange, phytoremediation, bacterial reduction of perchlorate, bioreactors, and in situ bioremediation. To provide complete coverage, background chapters on fundamental chemistry, toxicology, and reulatory issues are also included. The authors are environmental consultants, government researchers, industry experts, and university professors from a wide array of disciplines.
Author: W.L.F. Armarego Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080515460 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 627
Book Description
Now in its fifth edition, the book has been updated to include more detailed descriptions of new or more commonly used techniques since the last edition as well as remove those that are no longer used, procedures which have been developed recently, ionization constants (pKa values) and also more detail about the trivial names of compounds.In addition to having two general chapters on purification procedures, this book provides details of the physical properties and purification procedures, taken from literature, of a very extensive number of organic, inorganic and biochemical compounds which are commercially available. This is the only complete source that covers the purification of laboratory chemicals that are commercially available in this manner and format. * Complete update of this valuable, well-known reference* Provides purification procedures of commercially available chemicals and biochemicals* Includes an extremely useful compilation of ionisation constants
Author: D.H.R. Barton Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461530008 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 503
Book Description
This monograph consists of the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on the Activation of Dioxygen and Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation, held in College Station, Texas, March 14-19, 1993. It contains an introductory chapter authored by Professors D. H. R. Barton and D. T. Sawyer, and twenty-nine chapters describing presentations by the plenary lecturers and invited speakers. One of the invited speakers, who could not submit a manuscript for reasons beyond his control, is represented by an abstract of his lecture. Also included are abstracts of forty-seven posters contributed by participants in the symposium. Readers who may wish to know more about the subjects presented in abstract form are invited to communicate directly with the authors of the abstracts. This is the fifth international symposium that has been held on this subject. The first was hosted by the CNRS, May 21-29, 1979, in Bendor, France (on the Island of Bandol). The second meeting was organized as a NATO workshop in Padova, Italy, June 24-27, 1984. This was followed by a meeting in Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-16, 1987. The fourth symposium was held at Balatonfured, Hungary, September 10-14, 1990. The sixth meeting is scheduled to take place in Delft, The Netherlands (late Spring, 1996); the organizer and host will be Professor R. A. Sheldon.
Author: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0470132981 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
The Inorganic Synthesis Series provides all users of inorganic substances with detailed and foolproof procedures for the preparation of important and timely compounds. This new volume includes information on water-solubilizing ligands for organometallics, labile ligand complexes, and the syntheses of cluster compounds and hydrides.
Author: John Drury Clark Publisher: Rutgers University Press ISBN: 0813599199 Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 217
Book Description
This newly reissued debut book in the Rutgers University Press Classics Imprint is the story of the search for a rocket propellant which could be trusted to take man into space. This search was a hazardous enterprise carried out by rival labs who worked against the known laws of nature, with no guarantee of success or safety. Acclaimed scientist and sci-fi author John Drury Clark writes with irreverent and eyewitness immediacy about the development of the explosive fuels strong enough to negate the relentless restraints of gravity. The resulting volume is as much a memoir as a work of history, sharing a behind-the-scenes view of an enterprise which eventually took men to the moon, missiles to the planets, and satellites to outer space. A classic work in the history of science, and described as “a good book on rocket stuff…that’s a really fun one” by SpaceX founder Elon Musk, readers will want to get their hands on this influential classic, available for the first time in decades.
Author: Meredith Caitlyn Langille
Author: Meredith Caitlyn Langille
Author: Baohua Gu
Author: Fritz Scholz
Author: Alfred Ayars Schilt
Author: Allen J. Bard
Author: Edward Todd Urbansky
Author: W.L.F. Armarego
Author: D.H.R. Barton
Author: 
Author: John Drury Clark