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Author: Surbhi Shah Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
In the past, pharmacists' roles were centered around dispensing and compounding medications. With the changing roles and responsibilities of pharmacists in managing patients' medication therapy, an emphasis is being made on providing team based care to patients. Recent changes in legislation, improvements in regulatory standards, and developmental changes in reimbursement strategies have driven this change in the healthcare environment. Several interprofessional models of care have been implemented in various settings to effectively allocate resources and improve the access and continuity of care. The counseling services provided by pharmacists provide opportunities for patients, physicians, and pharmacists to work closely with each other. Physicians benefit from these services through improving patient safety and utilizing their time and expertise to see more patients. Pharmacists benefit by building relationships with physicians with the goal of making medication related recommendations to improve patients' drug therapy. Therefore, for the collaboration between pharmacists and physicians to be successful, interaction between them is important and begins at the educational level. With the focus being made on patient centered care, incorporating some educational sessions on the services that other healthcare providers provide or workshops on collaboration could be an important part in the curriculum of both medical and pharmacy schools. It could allow them to better understand each other's role and responsibilities, skills, and expertise. It could also improve their communication skills, trust, and confidence with each other. Therefore, the aim of our study was to understand the perceptions of medical students on pharmacist-provided counseling services and towards collaboration. A modified Theory of Planned Behavior was used to assess awareness, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and intention of the first and second year medical students at the University of Toledo. The study consisted of developing a valid and reliable survey, which was sent to a total of 370 first and second year medical students from the University of Toledo, College of Medicine. A total of 87 surveys were included in the analysis. It was found that our theory was beneficial in supporting the framework and all the constructs of the theory together predicted intention of medical students to collaborate with pharmacists. By evaluating their thoughts through various open-ended questions, we found that medical students were interested in learning about the counseling services and collaboration in their curriculum. Hence, our research demonstrates the need for some changes in their curriculum by incorporating some lectures and workshops to learn about the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists and to experience interprofessionalism in their courses and clinical experiences.
Author: Surbhi Shah Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
In the past, pharmacists' roles were centered around dispensing and compounding medications. With the changing roles and responsibilities of pharmacists in managing patients' medication therapy, an emphasis is being made on providing team based care to patients. Recent changes in legislation, improvements in regulatory standards, and developmental changes in reimbursement strategies have driven this change in the healthcare environment. Several interprofessional models of care have been implemented in various settings to effectively allocate resources and improve the access and continuity of care. The counseling services provided by pharmacists provide opportunities for patients, physicians, and pharmacists to work closely with each other. Physicians benefit from these services through improving patient safety and utilizing their time and expertise to see more patients. Pharmacists benefit by building relationships with physicians with the goal of making medication related recommendations to improve patients' drug therapy. Therefore, for the collaboration between pharmacists and physicians to be successful, interaction between them is important and begins at the educational level. With the focus being made on patient centered care, incorporating some educational sessions on the services that other healthcare providers provide or workshops on collaboration could be an important part in the curriculum of both medical and pharmacy schools. It could allow them to better understand each other's role and responsibilities, skills, and expertise. It could also improve their communication skills, trust, and confidence with each other. Therefore, the aim of our study was to understand the perceptions of medical students on pharmacist-provided counseling services and towards collaboration. A modified Theory of Planned Behavior was used to assess awareness, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and intention of the first and second year medical students at the University of Toledo. The study consisted of developing a valid and reliable survey, which was sent to a total of 370 first and second year medical students from the University of Toledo, College of Medicine. A total of 87 surveys were included in the analysis. It was found that our theory was beneficial in supporting the framework and all the constructs of the theory together predicted intention of medical students to collaborate with pharmacists. By evaluating their thoughts through various open-ended questions, we found that medical students were interested in learning about the counseling services and collaboration in their curriculum. Hence, our research demonstrates the need for some changes in their curriculum by incorporating some lectures and workshops to learn about the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists and to experience interprofessionalism in their courses and clinical experiences.
Author: Andrew Brinkerhoff Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 91
Book Description
Historically, the role of the pharmacist has been to dispense medications. Currently, this role has shifted to include more medication counseling with a focus on patient-centered care. However, various social and physical barriers exist in community settings that prevent effective medication counseling. These barriers create an environment that restricts the community pharmacists ability to build relationships with patients; through medication counseling. It is vital for community pharmacists to more clearly understand what intrapersonal factors drive a patient to use them for medication counseling. If pharmacists better understood these factors, they could implement different strategies to engage patients. The application of the Health Belief Model could help pharmacists better understand their patients in order to improve medication counseling utilization. This study also provides a valid survey tool for community pharmacists to evaluate how these factors may predict the likelihood of individuals to participate in medication counseling. It is important to assess patients' perceptions of medication counseling provided by community pharmacists so pharmacists have a greater capability of increasing the utilization of these services. This could aid pharmacists in building stronger relationships with patients, increasing the likelihood of patients to participate in more thorough; reimbursable counseling services in the future. Objectives: 1. To explore relationships between factors that influence the likelihood to participate in medication counseling 2. To identify predictors of an individuals likelihood to participate in medication counseling provided by community pharmacists Methods: This cross-sectional study used a 38-question, 4 or 5-point Likert scale survey, which was developed using constructs from the Health Belief Model (HBM) to measure patient perceptions. This survey was created using elicitation interviews and previous research in patient perception. Each section of the survey represents a construct of the HBM. The validity and reliability of the survey was tested using post-hoc principal component analysis and Cronbach's alpha. This survey was administered to a convenient sample in shopping malls located in Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, and across the United States online using Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT). Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearsons correlation and multiple linear regression. Results: Between February-March 2016, there were a total of 500 individuals who agreed to take the survey. There were 448 responses retained for analysis. Cronbachs alpha for each of the five constructs was between .686 and .910. Standardized factor loadings ranged from 0.34 to 0.83 in the component analysis. The perceived susceptibility construct had weak positive correlations with all constructs being measured. There were positive correlations between past experience and perceived benefits, (r = .484; P =
Author: Marc L. Fleming Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 546
Book Description
The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive utility of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in predicting and explaining pharmacists' intention to utilize a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) database, when the validity of the prescription/patient need is in question. The study tested the significance of each TPB model construct variable (attitude [A], subjective norm [SN], and perceived behavioral control [PBC]) in predicting pharmacists' high intention, compared to non-high intention (dichotomous variable). In addition, the study examined the additional contribution of pharmacists' perception of prescription (PPDA) drug abuse and perceived obligation (PO) to the TPB model. Demographic and practice characteristics were also explored in relation to the TPB model predictors, A, SN and PBC. A mail questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 998 Texas community pharmacists with active licenses. Three focus groups were conducted to collect information regarding pharmacists' beliefs toward PDMP database utilization. The usable survey response rate was 26.2%. Due to data that were not normally distributed, intention was dichotomized into high intention and non-high intention. The TPB constructs were significant predictors of pharmacists' high intention. Pharmacists with positive attitudes were almost twice as likely to have high intention (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2 - 2.8). However, SN was the strongest predictor of pharmacists' high intention (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.4 - 3.3). Pharmacists who reported substantial PBC were also twice as likely to have high intention (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2 - 3.0). PPDA was not significantly related to pharmacists' high intention. However, pharmacists' PO was shown to predict high intention above that explained by the TPB model (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0 - 3.1). The results of this study support the utility of the TPB model with PO in predicting pharmacists' high intention to utilize a PDMP database. Interventions that address pharmacists' A, SN, PBC, and PO may be necessary to increase pharmacists' high intention to utilize a PDMP database when it becomes available. Future studies using intention as a predictor of pharmacists' behavior are needed to assess the influence of intention on PDMP utilization.
Author: Paul Gard Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell ISBN: 9780632051380 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 169
Book Description
The traditional emphasis on the chemistry, legal and professional aspects of pharmacy is vital for the education of a competent pharmacist. However, that knowledge alone is unlikely to guarantee effective performance in the primary health care environment. There is a wealth of social, behavioral and psychological knowledge that pharmacy students must be aware of in their training. This book is the first supporting text for the social and behavioral studies part of the pharmacy curriculum. It introduces the reader to personal skills, social skills, sociology and health psychology that are relevant to the practice of pharmacy. The importance of effective communication, both verbal and non-verbal, with different ethnic groups, the multidisciplinary health care team and in the provision of health promotion is dealt with in detail. Patient/client relationships and the use of psychology in pharmacy are examined with case material and supportive data to help students tackle unfamiliar behavioral and psychological perspectives.
Author: Andree Danielle Taylor Publisher: ISBN: 9780494273913 Category : Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
Purpose. To determine community pharmacists' perceptions of their collaborative working relationships (CWRs) with physicians and of factors that contributed to or hindered collaborative drug therapy management (C-DTM). Methods. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with medical building pharmacists in Toronto who varied in gender and years of practice experience in Canada. Interpretive content analysis was performed. Results. Pharmacists desired a role in C-DTM to reduce the number of drug therapy problems; however, collaboration was uncommon. Pharmacists' best CWRs were at low, mid, and high levels. Attributes ascribed to CWRs were trust, working together, communication, sharing decisions and patient information, and patient referral. Factors that contributed to or hindered the development of CWRs at the practice and system levels were described. Conclusions. C-DTM is infrequent and does not occur to the extent that participants perceived was necessary to improve prescribing and patient outcomes. McDonough and Doucette's CWR Model (2001) should include third-party (i.e. receptionist) and systemic factors as influences on pharmacist-physician CWRs.
Author: Paul Gavaza Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 626
Book Description
The purpose of this dissertation was to use the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict Texas pharmacists' intention to report serious adverse drug effects (ADEs) to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The study explored the utility of the TPB model constructs (attitude [A], subjective norm [SN], perceived behavioral control [PBC]), as well as past reporting behavior (PRB), and perceived moral obligation (PMO) to predict pharmacists' intention to report serious ADEs to the FDA. The study also determined if the pharmacists' A, SN and PBC were related to practice characteristics and demographic factors. A survey was developed based on two focus group interviews, pretested and mailed to 1,500 Texas practicing pharmacists. An overall response rate of 26.4 percent was obtained (n = 377 pharmacists). Overall, pharmacists intended to report serious ADEs, had a favorable attitude towards reporting, were somewhat influenced by social norms regarding reporting and perceived themselves to have some control over reporting serious ADEs to the FDA. For direct measures, A and SN were significant predictors of intention to report serious ADEs, but PBC was not. The TPB constructs together accounted for 34.0 percent of the variance in intention to report serious ADEs to the FDA. Using indirect measures, A, SN and PBC were significant predictors of intention and together accounted for 28.8 percent of the variance in intention to report serious ADEs. PRB and PMO improved the explanatory power of the regression models (direct and indirect measures) over and above the TPB constructs. Unlike most other practice characteristics and demographic factors examined, knowledge was significantly related with the TPB constructs. In summary, A, SN, PBC (indirect measures), PRB, and PMO influence the formation of pharmacists' intention to report serious ADEs. The TPB has utility in predicting ADE reporting behavior. Pharmacy educators should explore pharmacists' attitudes, beliefs, and expectations of important others in designing educational programs. Strategies to help pharmacists report more serious ADEs should focus on altering their perception of social pressure towards reporting and addressing the barriers towards ADE reporting (e.g., lack of knowledge).
Author: Tara Fouts Publisher: ISBN: Category : Drugs Languages : en Pages : 90
Book Description
"Prescription opioid misuse has become a growing problem in the United States, and there has been a significant increase in the number of nonfatal overdose and overdose deaths since the 1990s. Idaho has also experienced an increase in the number of drug-induced deaths over time, increasing nearly 30% from 2012 to 2016. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates overprescribing and dispensing of prescription opioids is a main driver to the increase in overdoses. Evidence-based early intervention methods, such as screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT), can be utilized in health care settings to identify risky behaviors among individuals who may not be seeking help for substance problems. However, limited research has been done to examine SBIRT in a pharmacy setting and in pharmacist perceptions toward performing SBIRT for prescription opioid misuse. The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to measure pharmacist perceptions toward using SBIRT for prescription misuse and then test initial validity and reliability. To construct appropriate questions, survey items for attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, past behavior, and intention were developed from a previous TPB instrument on the utilization of the prescription monitoring program. After data was collected, psychometric testing was initiated and included factor analysis, testing the internal consistency of the subscales, and a correlation to determine the degree of similarity between subscales. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to extract factors in this study with a non-orthogonal rotation (Direct Oblimin). Items were retained if they loaded onto a factor at |0.4| or higher. Findings supported the eight-factor solution that was conceptually hypothesized with strong internal consistency for each construct. Cronbach's alpha scores were 0.7 and above for all factors except for past behavior. These results offer a foundation for future research to build on the instrument and inform interventions that may shape pharmacist readiness in prescription misuse early intervention strategies."--Boise State University ScholarWorks.
Author: Feyikemi D. Osundina Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 77
Book Description
Background: With the changing laws, regulations, and policies in the U.S. that are expanding the pharmacist's role, future pharmacists may need to be educated in an Interprofessional Education (IPE) environment with their physician counterparts. This health behavior research study utilized the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explore pharmacy students' decisions to participate in collaborative practices with physicians. Objectives: To (1) examine the relationship between demographics, awareness, attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and intent to participate in collaborative practices; (2) determine the factors that predict intent to participate in collaborative practices among pharmacy students with IPE compared to those without IPE. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional design was utilized with the 41-item web-based Student Intent to Participate in Collaborative Practices (SIPCP) survey. Items for the survey were derived from the previously validated Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Interprofessional Collaboration (JeffSATIC) and the Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Pharmacist Collaboration (SATP2C) surveys. The SIPCP was administered to a purposive sample of 840 third and fourth year pharmacy students enrolled in four accredited schools of pharmacy in Ohio. Students who were exposed to IPE at their school (University of Toledo and Ohio State University) and students who were not exposed to IPE (Cedarville University and University of Findlay) were included. Descriptive statistics along with Pearson/Point-Biserial correlations for the first objective and binary logistic regression for the second objective were performed to analyze results. Results: The overall response rate was 37% (312/840). TPB constructs were significantly correlated with intention of pharmacy students to participate in collaborative practices with physicians. Out of the seven predictor variables, only subjective norm (SN) was identified as a significant predictor of intention. As the score for SN increased by one unit, the odds of having intentions to participate in a collaborative practice increased by 5.88 times (OE= 5.88, 95% CI= 2.76-12.6, p
Author: Surbhi Shah
Author: Surbhi Shah
Author: Andrew Brinkerhoff
Author: Marc L. Fleming
Author: Paul Gard
Author: Hao Li
Author: Andree Danielle Taylor
Author: Paul Gavaza
Author: Shaquib Al Hasan
Author: Tara Fouts
Author: Feyikemi D. Osundina