Perception of tones and speech in gated and continuous noise in persons with speech recognition in noise difficulties PDF Download

Author: Catherine Louise Jackson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Speech perception
Languages : en
Pages : 148

View

Book Description

Author: David J. Getty
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 131553259X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 332

View

Book Description
The systematic scientific investigation of human perception began over 130 years ago, yet relatively little is known about how we identify complex patterns. A major reason for this is that historically, most perceptual research focused on the more basic processes involved in the detection and discrimination of simple stimuli. This work progressed in a connectionist fashion, attempting to clarify fundamental mechanisms in depth before addressing the more complex problems of pattern recognition and classification. This extensive and impressive research effort built a firm basis from which to speculate about these issues. What seemed lacking, however, was an overall characterization of the recognition problem – a broad theoretical structure to direct future research in this area. Consequently, our primary objective in this volume, originally published in 1981, was not only to review existing contributions to our understanding of classification and recognition, but to project fruitful areas and directions for future research as well. The book covers four areas: complex visual patterns; complex auditory patterns; multi-dimensional perceptual spaces; theoretical pattern recognition.

Author: Anna Fry
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24

View

Book Description
Abstract: Listening and understanding speech in noisy environments is a situation that many people encounter in their daily lives. This problem is exacerbated by old age or the presence of a hearing loss. The purpose of the present study was to investigate two components that contribute to successful word recognition in noise. The first component is the advantage of binaural over monaural listening and the second is the role of contextual cues. Ten normal hearing young adults aged 20-24 years old participated. Sentences from the Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) test were presented to the subject through insert ear phones simultaneously with multitalker babble as background noise under three conditions: 1) noise and signal presented to the right ear, 2) noise and signal presented to the left ear, and 3) noise and signal presented to both the left and right ears. The subject was told to repeat the last word in each sentence and the responses were scored as correct or incorrect. Results show that subjects perform better on word recognition tasks in the binaural listening condition versus the monaural listening conditions. Performance was also better with high predictability sentences in which the context can be useful for word recognition. Literature has shown that older adults also rely on context for word recognition, so it can be expected that for the older adults who are hard of hearing word recognition would be most successful when listening with two ears and when presented with high contextual information.

Author: Shannon Heald
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889761479
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 132

View

Book Description

Author: Vahid Montazeri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cochlear implants
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description
The goal of this dissertation is to investigate how listeners and learning machines cope with the ambiguity caused by interfering multiple novel sound sources. Starting from an ambiguous auditory scene with competing sound sources, this dissertation investigates how a particular sound source draws listeners’ attention while the remaining sources lose their salience and become background (noise). Listeners’ perception of competing novel sounds is investigated in a series of experiments that varied in terms of listening conditions, simulating the difficulties experienced by hearing-impaired individuals in noise. In Chapter 1, the mechanisms behind listeners' perception of speech in the presence of competing sounds are reviewed. Chapter 2 describes three experiments that investigated the recognition of novel sounds in the presence of background noise. The chapter begins with a replication of a previous study, providing evidence that listeners can segregate a novel target sound from the competing distractor only if it repeats across different distractors. A subsequent experiment tested the hypothesis that listeners’ ability to detect change in a sound depends on their knowledge of its source, which is gained via repetition. It is concluded that listeners are able to perceptually learn patterns of the repeating target while suppressing the changes in the masker stream. Two neural network architectures previously employed to study mechanisms of learning, generalized Hebbian and anti-Hebbian, are evaluated. It is shown that the generalized Hebbian learning network produces similar results to those obtained from the listeners. Experiments in Chapter 3 provide evidence that recognition of a novel target sound becomes robust against new (unheard) distractors when listeners go through an exposure stage in which the target is presented repeatedly across multiple distractors. Chapter 3 concludes by reporting experiments 3-2 and 3-3 that investigated recognition of consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel (CVCV) words in the presence of novel distractors. Experiment 3-2 showed that upon exposing the listeners to target tokens across multiple distractors, the process of learning new CVCV tokens shifts from context-specificity to an adaptation-plus-prototype mechanism. The goal in experiment 3-3 was to investigate whether or not cochlear implant users, who have limited spectral resolution, would show the same behavior as listeners with normal hearing in experiment 3-2. The main goal in Chapter 4 is to investigate the extent to which the findings in experiment 3-2 can be replicated by recurrent neural networks (RNNs). This chapter begins with a brief introduction to RNNs and long short-term memories (LSTMs). In experiment 4-1 a recurrent LSTM auto-encoder was trained to reconstruct an input CVCV target when mixed with a distractor with or without the presence of a context sequence prior to the input. It was shown that the network could reconstruct the input with better accuracy when the context sequence contained the repeating CVCV target across multiple distractors. Furthermore, similar to the findings in experiment 3-2, the presence of such a context sequence improved the network’s generalizability to unseen data (novel distractors). Experiment 4-2 showed that the presence of the context sequence led to an improved semi-supervised speech enhancement algorithm that recovered the target CVCV tokens while suppressing the distractors.

Author: Su-Hyun Jin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 268

View

Book Description

Author: Samantha Jordan Gustafson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description

Author: Robert Peters
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Auditory perception
Languages : en
Pages : 82

View

Book Description
A series of experiments that treated auditory perception in humans was conducted. These investigations were at the information processing level and were structured to test hypotheses of sensory filtering, feature detection, the organization of a matching system, and the possible role of the motor theory of speech perception in the perception of speech. The studies include multidimensional scaling investigations, tests of the motor theory of speech perception, studies on subphonemic or distinctive features of speech, and experiments on the perceived order of short auditory events. The results of these studies support the idea that the auditory system operates as a feature detector and that these features may relate to articulatory properties of the vocal tract. Further evidence of features was found in short-term recall of phonemes where the error responses indicated that features were retained where phonomes were forgotten. Investigations of perceived order of short auditory events indicate that similar stimuli are grouped together by the auditory system and, in some instances, are heard in a perceptual order that is different from the actual physical order of the stimuli. (Author).

Author: Ashley S. Hall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Auditory perception
Languages : en
Pages : 50

View

Book Description
This investigation examined the effects of a visual prompt on speech perception in noise. Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) sentences served as speech stimuli in three different conditions of background noise: interrupted HINT, continuous HINT, and ICRA noise. Participants consisted of 30 adults with normal hearing sensitivity. Results indicated no significant differences in Reception Thresholds for Sentences (RTS) between conditions with or without a visual prompt, however; significant differences between noise routing and noise competitions were indicated. Theoretical, clinical, and research implications are discussed.

Author: Kathryn Lucy Bees
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 250

View

Book Description
When navigating around auditory environments, individuals utilise a number of strategies to help process the multitude of incoming stimuli, such strategies include auditory scene analysis and attention (Fay, 2008; Bregman, 1993; Carlyon, 2004; Bregman, 2009; Spence & Santangelo, 2010; Alain, Arnott, & Dyson, 2013; Baldwin, 2012; Lavie & Tsal, 1994). The majority of people succeed is such environments and are able to make sense of the sounds around them. Some individuals however struggle in such environments and often have an intolerance to noise or loud sounds. Even amongst individuals with normal hearing thresholds, there are large variations in tolerance, sensitivity and acceptance of noise (Sherlock & Formby, 2005; Punch, Joseph & Rakerd., 2004; Hood & Poole, 1996; Brännström, Zunic, Borovac, & Ibertsson, 2012; Nabelek Freyaldenhoven, Tampas, Burchfield, & Muenchen, 2006; Freyaldenhoven Plyler, Thelin & Hendrick, 2007). Links between individuals with attention and processing deficits (such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, speech-language impairments) and reduced auditory processing, perception, tolerance and acceptance of noise, have been alluded to (Freyladenhoven, Thelin, Plyer, Nabelek & Burchfield, 2005; Lucker, Geffner, & Koch., 1996; Tillery, Katz, & Keller, 2000; Pritchard, Neumann, & Rucklidge, 2008; Rimland & Edelson, 1994; Zollweg, Palm & Vance, 1997; Stevens, Sander & Neville, 2006). It is therefore thought that inter-individual variation observed in tolerance, sensitivity and acceptance of noise measures, may be a result of deficits in attention, ASA or top-down/bottom-up processing. To date, empirical emphasis has been placed on improving audibility and communication in hearing impaired individuals, through the use of auditory training programmes (Sweetow & Henderson-Sabes, 2006; Scott, 2006; Hayes, Warrier, Nicol, Zecker & Kraus, 2003; Krishnamurti, Forrester, Rutledge & Holmes, 2013; Anderson & Kraus, 2013; Russo, Nicol, Zecker, Hayes & Kraus, 2005;). By contrast, individuals who exhibit tolerance, sensitivity or who are unwilling to accept background noise, despite normal hearing have been somewhat neglected. To fill this gap, the current study investigated the effectiveness of a 17-day, auditory object identification and location (AOIL) training programme (University of Auckland, 2007), on individual’s tolerance, sensitivity and noise acceptability levels. Loudness discomfort levels (LDLs), the noise-sensitivity-questionnaire (NoiSeQ) and acceptable noise levels (ANLs), were measured pre- and post-training. The multidimensional personality questionnaire (MPQ) was additionally completed at the beginning of the study, in order to determine whether personality traits contributed to any inter-individual variation for the measures obtained. Previous research (Beattie, Edgerton, & Gager, 1979; Kamm, Dirks, & Mickey, 1978; Hawkins, 1980; Morgan, Wilson, & Dirks, 1974; Priede & Coles, 1971) has demonstrated inconsistencies regarding stimulus effects on LDLs, thus a comparison of continuous and short presentations of pure-tones was additionally assessed. Results revealed that the AOIL was effective in increasing acceptability of background noise, however individuals’ tolerance to loud sounds and self-perceived sensitivity to sounds remain stable. It was thus concluded that tolerance, sensitivity and acceptance of noise reflect different underlying constructs. Secondary analyses revealed that those with initially lower acceptance of noise showed greater improvement in noise acceptance with training, than those with higher acceptance. The AOIL is therefore a potential clinical intervention for deficits in acceptance and willingness to tolerate background noise, despite normal hearing. The exact mechanisms through AOIL works, and how tolerance, sensitivity and acceptance of noise differ could not be determined from the current study, and should be investigated by future studies. LDL outcomes were effected by stimulus frequency (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) and type (continuous and short presentations of pure-tones). Lower LDL values were obtained for 4 kHz (independent of stimulus type) as compared to all other frequencies. Continuous presentation of pure-tones elicited significantly lower LDLs at all frequencies than short presentation of pure-tones. Showing that stimulus parameters, can alter individual’s perception of loudness. Lastly, the results demonstrated that LDLs are not related with any personality traits measured via the MPQ. Conversely, a positive relationship was observed between ANLs and self-control, and those with greater ANLs additionally displayed higher scores on the absorption personality trait. Traits of achievement, social closeness, stress reaction, positive emotionality, and negative emotionality were associated with self-perceived noise sensitivity. These results suggest that personality factor may contribute to inter-individual variations in sensitivity and acceptance of background noise.