Perception of Biological Motion by Intermediate-level Motion Features PDF Download

Author: Sandhitsu Das
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 134

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Author: Sandhitsu Das
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 134

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Author: Steven Matthew Thurman
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124664330
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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We live in a phenomenally complex visual world, yet the human visual system extracts behaviorally meaningful information with apparent ease and efficiency. Our brains experience visual motion daily, and perhaps the most intricate and fascinating movement patterns are those of living creatures. Of particular importance are the actions of other humans, which contain rich information with social and biological relevance. The presented research investigates biological motion perception using relatively novel psychophysical techniques. In each of three experiments we use a unique variant of the "Bubbles" reverse correlation method, which works generally by revealing only portions of a stimulus randomly across many trials and then reverse correlating observer performance to illuminate the most informative regions of the stimulus. Experiment 1 uses "Temporal Bubbles", a new adaptation of "Bubbles" to the time domain, to determine if particular moments or postures during a point-light action sequence are more informative than others. Results show that there are indeed particularly diagnostic intervals in action sequences, but moments in this interval are not necessarily more informative if presented in isolation as static postures. We conclude that specific mid-level motion features are most critical for perceiving biological motion. In Experiment 2 we further elucidate these critical features by using "Spatio-temporal Bubbles" and quantitatively comparing human performance to a biologically inspired computational model of perception. Observers apparently use the same mid-level motion and form features for both point-light and stick figure sequences. Additionally, observer performance correlates with the "form pathway" of the model when stimulus duration is short (

Author: William Thompson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466502762
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 552

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This book provides an introduction to human visual perception suitable for readers studying or working in the fields of computer graphics and visualization, cognitive science, and visual neuroscience. It focuses on how computer graphics images are generated, rather than solely on the organization of the visual system itself; therefore, the text pro

Author: Daniel Robert Saunders
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 256

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Biological motion perception, defined as the ability to retrieve information from minimal displays of animal motion, has often been discussed as though it represents a single mechanism. However, depending on the task and details of the stimuli, there have been divergent results as to whether this ability is primarily based on motion or form processing, whether it relies more on local or global information, and whether the knowledge that is applied is learned or innate. These results can be reconciled by a multi-component framework, with five major components: local motion invariant processing, structure-from-motion, figure-ground segregation, action categorization, and style recognition. Several experiments are reported that are motivated by this framework. To investigate the sensitivity of the visual system to local motion invariants, performance was tested on a direction discrimination and a detection task with a point-light walker based on real motion-capture data or a synthetic walker created by Cutting (Chapter 2). When the walkers were displayed normally, performance was equal for both stimuli. However, when the walkers were spatially scrambled, the direction could only be determined for the natural walker, demonstrating that the invariant is found in subtle features of the local motion trajectories. Another experiment examined the difference in attentional distribution due to the task requirements (Chapter 3). Participants looked more often at the feet in a direction task than they did in a gender task, lending support to the idea that useful information can be derived from the local motion of the feet. Finally, Chapter 4 describes a battery of psychophysical tests that assesses each of the components of biological motion perception as independently as possible. The fact that individual performance does not correlate between tests is evidence that they measure different underlying mechanisms, supporting the multi-component framework. In the concluding chapter, multi-component computational models of biological motion perception are evaluated within this framework, and the evidence relating the components to activity in particular brain regions is reviewed.

Author: Wlodzislaw Duch
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 354028754X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 718

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This volume is the first part of the two-volume proceedings of the International C- ference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2005), held on September 11–15, 2005 in Warsaw, Poland, with several accompanying workshops held on September 15, 2005 at the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toru , Poland. The ICANN conference is an annual meeting organized by the European Neural Network Society in cooperation with the International Neural Network Society, the Japanese Neural Network Society, and the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society. It is the premier European event covering all topics concerned with neural networks and related areas. The ICANN series of conferences was initiated in 1991 and soon became the major European gathering for experts in those fields. In 2005 the ICANN conference was organized by the Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland, and the Nicolaus Copernicus Univ- sity, Toru , Poland. From over 600 papers submitted to the regular sessions and some 10 special c- ference sessions, the International Program Committee selected – after a thorough peer-review process – about 270 papers for publication. The large number of papers accepted is certainly a proof of the vitality and attractiveness of the field of artificial neural networks, but it also shows a strong interest in the ICANN conferences.

Author: Leslie R. Cohen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Human mechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 304

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Author: Junzhu Su
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 149

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Humans, as social creatures, are especially adept in perceiving others' actions and inferring mental states such as intention based on non-verbal cues such as body movements. In recent years, substantial advances have been achieved in our understanding of biological motion perception and its relation to other cognitive and motorsensory processes, as well as the underlying neural correlates and computational components. In my thesis, I first focused on the top-down influence of meaningful interactive actions on stimulus visibility. We found that meaningful interaction boosted the visibility of single actor in binocular rivalry paradigm. Second, I investigated the action prediction modulated by action interaction (i.e. either single actor or two interactive actors) with temporal occluder paradigm. We found that observers obtained higher temporal precision in single actor condition but better sensitivity to posture sequence or rotation in two interactive actor condition. Third, we designed novel paradigm by briefly flashing joints near the moving limb to determine how action representation interacts with generic mechanisms for localization of moving features to bias perceived positions of moving joints. We found that global posture information (inversion or upside-down) modulated the effect size of well-established visual illusion (i.e. flash lag effect). Last but not least, I used this paradigm to dissociate local and global mechanisms that may underlie action prediction. By briefly flashing the stationary skeleton during the action viewing, either aligned or misaligned with the walking posture, we measured the motion-induced posture change. We demonstrated the existence of a global mechanism for anticipating changes in whole-body posture over time. However, although inversion of body orientation weakens global processing in biological motion perception, it does not eliminate the use of the global mechanism in predicting future posture even when the action is presented upside-down. This finding is consistent with previous studies of the inversion effect in biological motion perception (Pavlova & Sokolov, 2000; Sumi, 1984), and highlights the robust use of the global mechanism in predicting future actions.

Author: Nicoletta Noceti
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030467325
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 351

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The new frontiers of robotics research foresee future scenarios where artificial agents will leave the laboratory to progressively take part in the activities of our daily life. This will require robots to have very sophisticated perceptual and action skills in many intelligence-demanding applications, with particular reference to the ability to seamlessly interact with humans. It will be crucial for the next generation of robots to understand their human partners and at the same time to be intuitively understood by them. In this context, a deep understanding of human motion is essential for robotics applications, where the ability to detect, represent and recognize human dynamics and the capability for generating appropriate movements in response sets the scene for higher-level tasks. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this challenging research field, closing the loop between perception and action, and between human-studies and robotics. The book is organized in three main parts. The first part focuses on human motion perception, with contributions analyzing the neural substrates of human action understanding, how perception is influenced by motor control, and how it develops over time and is exploited in social contexts. The second part considers motion perception from the computational perspective, providing perspectives on cutting-edge solutions available from the Computer Vision and Machine Learning research fields, addressing higher-level perceptual tasks. Finally, the third part takes into account the implications for robotics, with chapters on how motor control is achieved in the latest generation of artificial agents and how such technologies have been exploited to favor human-robot interaction. This book considers the complete human-robot cycle, from an examination of how humans perceive motion and act in the world, to models for motion perception and control in artificial agents. In this respect, the book will provide insights into the perception and action loop in humans and machines, joining together aspects that are often addressed in independent investigations. As a consequence, this book positions itself in a field at the intersection of such different disciplines as Robotics, Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, Psychology, Computer Vision, and Machine Learning. By bridging these different research domains, the book offers a common reference point for researchers interested in human motion for different applications and from different standpoints, spanning Neuroscience, Human Motor Control, Robotics, Human-Robot Interaction, Computer Vision and Machine Learning. Chapter 'The Importance of the Affective Component of Movement in Action Understanding' of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.

Author: Deirdre Maire Scully
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Human mechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 398

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