Author: Ben Henry
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 214
Book Description
Are you looking to start a recession-proof business that will last through even hard economic times? A payday loan broker cash advance business is the solution. My book, Payday Loan Business Start-Up, I will show you how to start a payday loan business from scratch. Small, short-term money lending provides a service that people desperately need to make ends meet or pay an unexpected expense. A payday loan business is easy to start. I will take you through the process of beginning a payday cash advance loan business from start-up to the daily running. I'll show you how to hire great employees, how to determine your profit, and how to write an ironclad business plan. You'll be up and running in no time! A payday loan business is a durable business venture. I got my first taste of personal money lending with my entrepreneurial father. He owned a pawnshop before he started a payday loan business. I have been an integral part of his companies for years before myself owning three successful payday loans businesses. I am now a consultant and teacher to other budding business owners in my area. I have never had an issue starting, running, or growing a personal money lending/payday cash advance loan business in the past two decades. That's how durable this business is! Research and read all you can about the payday loans industry. This book offers a guide and secrets on how to start your payday loan business and turn your capital into a lucrative venture. To make the most of this book, read carefully through every page while taking short notes for later reference. I would also encourage you to continue your research and read everything that you possibly can get your hands on about this business. Knowledge is power, especially when you're entering into a brand new business venture. My Book will Teach You Specifically How to Start a Payday Loan Business. Other books on this subject do not seem to give enough information on the loan broker industry. My book will teach you to start, run, and grow your business from idea to launch. You learn about the following topics: Definitions of industry terms The history of payday loans How payday loans work How to get a payday loan as a customer The application process Risks associated with a payday loan business and how to avoid them Skills needed to start a payday loans business Establishing a payday loans business Picking a business structure Setting up a limited liability company (LLC) Decide on your brand strategy How to register your business name How to collect different types of customer data How to conduct a feasibility study How to find your target market Understand the competition Determining income potential Understanding financial terms with payday loans A specific list of start-up costs Finding start-up funds Researching the right commercial locations How to create a business plan How to create a marketing plan How to conduct market analysis Different marketing strategies Understanding legal regulations on the federal and state level What to look for when hiring a lawyer and how to save on legal bills Hiring employees All about marketing and advertising Understanding the payday loan process from the lender's point of view If you want to get ahead with starting your new payday loan business, I suggest that you don't hesitate to click that "Buy Now" button and add this title to your cart today. Don't waste another second thinking about this - take action for your future!
Payday Loan Business Start-Up
Author: Ben Henry
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 214
Book Description
Are you looking to start a recession-proof business that will last through even hard economic times? A payday loan broker cash advance business is the solution. My book, Payday Loan Business Start-Up, I will show you how to start a payday loan business from scratch. Small, short-term money lending provides a service that people desperately need to make ends meet or pay an unexpected expense. A payday loan business is easy to start. I will take you through the process of beginning a payday cash advance loan business from start-up to the daily running. I'll show you how to hire great employees, how to determine your profit, and how to write an ironclad business plan. You'll be up and running in no time! A payday loan business is a durable business venture. I got my first taste of personal money lending with my entrepreneurial father. He owned a pawnshop before he started a payday loan business. I have been an integral part of his companies for years before myself owning three successful payday loans businesses. I am now a consultant and teacher to other budding business owners in my area. I have never had an issue starting, running, or growing a personal money lending/payday cash advance loan business in the past two decades. That's how durable this business is! Research and read all you can about the payday loans industry. This book offers a guide and secrets on how to start your payday loan business and turn your capital into a lucrative venture. To make the most of this book, read carefully through every page while taking short notes for later reference. I would also encourage you to continue your research and read everything that you possibly can get your hands on about this business. Knowledge is power, especially when you're entering into a brand new business venture. My Book will Teach You Specifically How to Start a Payday Loan Business. Other books on this subject do not seem to give enough information on the loan broker industry. My book will teach you to start, run, and grow your business from idea to launch. You learn about the following topics: Definitions of industry terms The history of payday loans How payday loans work How to get a payday loan as a customer The application process Risks associated with a payday loan business and how to avoid them Skills needed to start a payday loans business Establishing a payday loans business Picking a business structure Setting up a limited liability company (LLC) Decide on your brand strategy How to register your business name How to collect different types of customer data How to conduct a feasibility study How to find your target market Understand the competition Determining income potential Understanding financial terms with payday loans A specific list of start-up costs Finding start-up funds Researching the right commercial locations How to create a business plan How to create a marketing plan How to conduct market analysis Different marketing strategies Understanding legal regulations on the federal and state level What to look for when hiring a lawyer and how to save on legal bills Hiring employees All about marketing and advertising Understanding the payday loan process from the lender's point of view If you want to get ahead with starting your new payday loan business, I suggest that you don't hesitate to click that "Buy Now" button and add this title to your cart today. Don't waste another second thinking about this - take action for your future!
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 214
Book Description
Are you looking to start a recession-proof business that will last through even hard economic times? A payday loan broker cash advance business is the solution. My book, Payday Loan Business Start-Up, I will show you how to start a payday loan business from scratch. Small, short-term money lending provides a service that people desperately need to make ends meet or pay an unexpected expense. A payday loan business is easy to start. I will take you through the process of beginning a payday cash advance loan business from start-up to the daily running. I'll show you how to hire great employees, how to determine your profit, and how to write an ironclad business plan. You'll be up and running in no time! A payday loan business is a durable business venture. I got my first taste of personal money lending with my entrepreneurial father. He owned a pawnshop before he started a payday loan business. I have been an integral part of his companies for years before myself owning three successful payday loans businesses. I am now a consultant and teacher to other budding business owners in my area. I have never had an issue starting, running, or growing a personal money lending/payday cash advance loan business in the past two decades. That's how durable this business is! Research and read all you can about the payday loans industry. This book offers a guide and secrets on how to start your payday loan business and turn your capital into a lucrative venture. To make the most of this book, read carefully through every page while taking short notes for later reference. I would also encourage you to continue your research and read everything that you possibly can get your hands on about this business. Knowledge is power, especially when you're entering into a brand new business venture. My Book will Teach You Specifically How to Start a Payday Loan Business. Other books on this subject do not seem to give enough information on the loan broker industry. My book will teach you to start, run, and grow your business from idea to launch. You learn about the following topics: Definitions of industry terms The history of payday loans How payday loans work How to get a payday loan as a customer The application process Risks associated with a payday loan business and how to avoid them Skills needed to start a payday loans business Establishing a payday loans business Picking a business structure Setting up a limited liability company (LLC) Decide on your brand strategy How to register your business name How to collect different types of customer data How to conduct a feasibility study How to find your target market Understand the competition Determining income potential Understanding financial terms with payday loans A specific list of start-up costs Finding start-up funds Researching the right commercial locations How to create a business plan How to create a marketing plan How to conduct market analysis Different marketing strategies Understanding legal regulations on the federal and state level What to look for when hiring a lawyer and how to save on legal bills Hiring employees All about marketing and advertising Understanding the payday loan process from the lender's point of view If you want to get ahead with starting your new payday loan business, I suggest that you don't hesitate to click that "Buy Now" button and add this title to your cart today. Don't waste another second thinking about this - take action for your future!
The Unbanking of America
Author: Lisa Servon
Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN: 0544611187
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 264
Book Description
Why Americans are fleeing our broken banking system: “Startling and absorbing…Required reading for fans of muckraking authors like Barbara Ehrenreich.”—Publishers Weekly (starred review) What do an undocumented immigrant in the South Bronx, a high-net-worth entrepreneur, and a twentysomething graduate student have in common? All three are victims of our dysfunctional mainstream bank and credit system. Nearly half of all Americans live from paycheck to paycheck, and income volatility has doubled over the past thirty years. Banks, with their high monthly fees and overdraft charges, are gouging their lower- and middle-income customers while serving only the wealthiest Americans. Lisa Servon delivers a stunning indictment of America’s banks, together with eye-opening dispatches from inside a range of banking alternatives that have sprung up to fill the void. She works as a teller at RiteCheck, a check-cashing business in the South Bronx, and as a payday lender in Oakland. She looks closely at the workings of a tanda, an informal lending club. And she delivers engaging, hopeful portraits of the entrepreneurs reacting to the unbanking of America by designing systems to creatively serve those outside the one percent. “Valuable evidence on the fragility of the personal economies of most Americans these days.”—Kirkus Reviews “An intelligent plea for financial justice…[An] excellent book.”—The Christian Science Monitor
Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN: 0544611187
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 264
Book Description
Why Americans are fleeing our broken banking system: “Startling and absorbing…Required reading for fans of muckraking authors like Barbara Ehrenreich.”—Publishers Weekly (starred review) What do an undocumented immigrant in the South Bronx, a high-net-worth entrepreneur, and a twentysomething graduate student have in common? All three are victims of our dysfunctional mainstream bank and credit system. Nearly half of all Americans live from paycheck to paycheck, and income volatility has doubled over the past thirty years. Banks, with their high monthly fees and overdraft charges, are gouging their lower- and middle-income customers while serving only the wealthiest Americans. Lisa Servon delivers a stunning indictment of America’s banks, together with eye-opening dispatches from inside a range of banking alternatives that have sprung up to fill the void. She works as a teller at RiteCheck, a check-cashing business in the South Bronx, and as a payday lender in Oakland. She looks closely at the workings of a tanda, an informal lending club. And she delivers engaging, hopeful portraits of the entrepreneurs reacting to the unbanking of America by designing systems to creatively serve those outside the one percent. “Valuable evidence on the fragility of the personal economies of most Americans these days.”—Kirkus Reviews “An intelligent plea for financial justice…[An] excellent book.”—The Christian Science Monitor
How To Invest in Debt
Author: Michael Pellegrino
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1510715215
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 263
Book Description
With this nuts-and-bolts guide, both savvy and novice investors can discover the secrets to profiting from personal and corporate debt, including municipal tax liens, defaulted credit card debt, discount promissory notes, mortgage foreclosures, and micro loans. Anyone can participate in these investments, but not all of these options are as easy as calling a broker – they require some legwork and research – so many of these opportunities often go untapped. While there are many books on alternative investment ideas, none provide this level of practical information and advice. How To Invest in Debt provides everything readers need to capitalize on these investments. Readers will discover: How to find and purchase debt at a deep discount How to do effective due diligence and pick the ones that are most likely to pay off How to collect debt, and the secrets to making short-term high interest loans Buying future streams of cash flow Overcoming what could go wrong before it happens And much more. Dozens of charts, table, forms, spreadsheets, and diagrams empower readers to get started right away, with all the tools they will need to collect and analyze data and pursue the most profitable opportunities. How To Invest in Debt shows that if you're willing to do the work, you can profit from debt.
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1510715215
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 263
Book Description
With this nuts-and-bolts guide, both savvy and novice investors can discover the secrets to profiting from personal and corporate debt, including municipal tax liens, defaulted credit card debt, discount promissory notes, mortgage foreclosures, and micro loans. Anyone can participate in these investments, but not all of these options are as easy as calling a broker – they require some legwork and research – so many of these opportunities often go untapped. While there are many books on alternative investment ideas, none provide this level of practical information and advice. How To Invest in Debt provides everything readers need to capitalize on these investments. Readers will discover: How to find and purchase debt at a deep discount How to do effective due diligence and pick the ones that are most likely to pay off How to collect debt, and the secrets to making short-term high interest loans Buying future streams of cash flow Overcoming what could go wrong before it happens And much more. Dozens of charts, table, forms, spreadsheets, and diagrams empower readers to get started right away, with all the tools they will need to collect and analyze data and pursue the most profitable opportunities. How To Invest in Debt shows that if you're willing to do the work, you can profit from debt.
How the Other Half Banks
Author: Mehrsa Baradaran
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674495446
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 337
Book Description
The United States has two separate banking systems today—one serving the well-to-do and another exploiting everyone else. How the Other Half Banks contributes to the growing conversation on American inequality by highlighting one of its prime causes: unequal credit. Mehrsa Baradaran examines how a significant portion of the population, deserted by banks, is forced to wander through a Wild West of payday lenders and check-cashing services to cover emergency expenses and pay for necessities—all thanks to deregulation that began in the 1970s and continues decades later. “Baradaran argues persuasively that the banking industry, fattened on public subsidies (including too-big-to-fail bailouts), owes low-income families a better deal...How the Other Half Banks is well researched and clearly written...The bankers who fully understand the system are heavily invested in it. Books like this are written for the rest of us.” —Nancy Folbre, New York Times Book Review “How the Other Half Banks tells an important story, one in which we have allowed the profit motives of banks to trump the public interest.” —Lisa J. Servon, American Prospect
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674495446
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 337
Book Description
The United States has two separate banking systems today—one serving the well-to-do and another exploiting everyone else. How the Other Half Banks contributes to the growing conversation on American inequality by highlighting one of its prime causes: unequal credit. Mehrsa Baradaran examines how a significant portion of the population, deserted by banks, is forced to wander through a Wild West of payday lenders and check-cashing services to cover emergency expenses and pay for necessities—all thanks to deregulation that began in the 1970s and continues decades later. “Baradaran argues persuasively that the banking industry, fattened on public subsidies (including too-big-to-fail bailouts), owes low-income families a better deal...How the Other Half Banks is well researched and clearly written...The bankers who fully understand the system are heavily invested in it. Books like this are written for the rest of us.” —Nancy Folbre, New York Times Book Review “How the Other Half Banks tells an important story, one in which we have allowed the profit motives of banks to trump the public interest.” —Lisa J. Servon, American Prospect
A Guide to Starting a Business in Minnesota
Author: Charles A. Schaffer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business
Languages : en
Pages : 112
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business
Languages : en
Pages : 112
Book Description
Broke, USA
Author: Gary Rivlin
Publisher: Harper Collins
ISBN: 0061997943
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 472
Book Description
From the author of the New York Times Notable Book of the Year Drive By comes a unique and riveting exploration of one of America’s largest and fastest-growing industries—the business of poverty. Broke, USA is a Fast Food Nation for the “poverty industry” that will also appeal to readers of Barbara Ehrenreich (Nickel and Dimed) and David Shipler (The Working Poor).
Publisher: Harper Collins
ISBN: 0061997943
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 472
Book Description
From the author of the New York Times Notable Book of the Year Drive By comes a unique and riveting exploration of one of America’s largest and fastest-growing industries—the business of poverty. Broke, USA is a Fast Food Nation for the “poverty industry” that will also appeal to readers of Barbara Ehrenreich (Nickel and Dimed) and David Shipler (The Working Poor).
The Mom Test
Author: Rob Fitzpatrick
Publisher: Robfitz Ltd
ISBN: 1492180742
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 133
Book Description
The Mom Test is a quick, practical guide that will save you time, money, and heartbreak. They say you shouldn't ask your mom whether your business is a good idea, because she loves you and will lie to you. This is technically true, but it misses the point. You shouldn't ask anyone if your business is a good idea. It's a bad question and everyone will lie to you at least a little . As a matter of fact, it's not their responsibility to tell you the truth. It's your responsibility to find it and it's worth doing right . Talking to customers is one of the foundational skills of both Customer Development and Lean Startup. We all know we're supposed to do it, but nobody seems willing to admit that it's easy to screw up and hard to do right. This book is going to show you how customer conversations go wrong and how you can do better.
Publisher: Robfitz Ltd
ISBN: 1492180742
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 133
Book Description
The Mom Test is a quick, practical guide that will save you time, money, and heartbreak. They say you shouldn't ask your mom whether your business is a good idea, because she loves you and will lie to you. This is technically true, but it misses the point. You shouldn't ask anyone if your business is a good idea. It's a bad question and everyone will lie to you at least a little . As a matter of fact, it's not their responsibility to tell you the truth. It's your responsibility to find it and it's worth doing right . Talking to customers is one of the foundational skills of both Customer Development and Lean Startup. We all know we're supposed to do it, but nobody seems willing to admit that it's easy to screw up and hard to do right. This book is going to show you how customer conversations go wrong and how you can do better.
Credit Markets for the Poor
Author: Patrick Bolton
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 1610440757
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 315
Book Description
Access to credit is an important means of providing people with the opportunity to make a better life for themselves. Loans are essential for most people who want to purchase a home, start a business, pay for college, or weather a spell of unemployment. Yet many people in poor and minority communities—regardless of their creditworthiness—find credit hard to come by, making the climb out of poverty extremely difficult. How dire are the lending markets in these communities and what can be done to improve access to credit for disadvantaged groups? In Credit Markets for the Poor, editors Patrick Bolton and Howard Rosenthal and an expert team of economists, political scientists, and legal and business scholars tackle these questions with shrewd analysis and a wealth of empirical data. Credit Markets for the Poor opens by examining what credit options are available to poor households. Economist John Caskey profiles how weak credit options force many working families into a disastrous cycle of short-term, high interest loans in order to sustain themselves between paychecks. Löic Sadoulet explores the reasons that community lending organizations, which have been so successful in developing countries, have failed in more advanced economies. He argues the obstacles that have inhibited community lending groups in industrialized countries—such as a lack of institutional credibility and the high cost of establishing lending networks—can be overcome if banks facilitate the community lending process and establish a system of repayment insurance. Credit Markets for the Poor also examines how legal institutions affect the ability of the poor to borrow. Daniela Fabbri and Mario Padula argue that well-meaning provisions making it more difficult for lenders to collect on defaulted loans are actually doing a disservice to the poor in credit markets. They find that in areas with lax legal enforcement of debt agreements, credit markets for the poor are underdeveloped because lenders are unwilling to take risks on issuing credit or will do so only at exorbitant interest rates. Timothy Bates looks at programs that facilitate small-business development and finds that they have done little to reduce poverty. He argues that subsidized business creation programs may lure inexperienced households into entrepreneurship in areas where little profitable investment is possible, hence setting them up for failure. With clarity and insightful analysis, Credit Markets for the Poor demonstrates how weak credit markets are impeding the social and economic mobility of the needy. By detailing the many disadvantages that impoverished people face when seeking to borrow, this important new volume highlights a significant national problem and offers solutions for the future.
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 1610440757
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 315
Book Description
Access to credit is an important means of providing people with the opportunity to make a better life for themselves. Loans are essential for most people who want to purchase a home, start a business, pay for college, or weather a spell of unemployment. Yet many people in poor and minority communities—regardless of their creditworthiness—find credit hard to come by, making the climb out of poverty extremely difficult. How dire are the lending markets in these communities and what can be done to improve access to credit for disadvantaged groups? In Credit Markets for the Poor, editors Patrick Bolton and Howard Rosenthal and an expert team of economists, political scientists, and legal and business scholars tackle these questions with shrewd analysis and a wealth of empirical data. Credit Markets for the Poor opens by examining what credit options are available to poor households. Economist John Caskey profiles how weak credit options force many working families into a disastrous cycle of short-term, high interest loans in order to sustain themselves between paychecks. Löic Sadoulet explores the reasons that community lending organizations, which have been so successful in developing countries, have failed in more advanced economies. He argues the obstacles that have inhibited community lending groups in industrialized countries—such as a lack of institutional credibility and the high cost of establishing lending networks—can be overcome if banks facilitate the community lending process and establish a system of repayment insurance. Credit Markets for the Poor also examines how legal institutions affect the ability of the poor to borrow. Daniela Fabbri and Mario Padula argue that well-meaning provisions making it more difficult for lenders to collect on defaulted loans are actually doing a disservice to the poor in credit markets. They find that in areas with lax legal enforcement of debt agreements, credit markets for the poor are underdeveloped because lenders are unwilling to take risks on issuing credit or will do so only at exorbitant interest rates. Timothy Bates looks at programs that facilitate small-business development and finds that they have done little to reduce poverty. He argues that subsidized business creation programs may lure inexperienced households into entrepreneurship in areas where little profitable investment is possible, hence setting them up for failure. With clarity and insightful analysis, Credit Markets for the Poor demonstrates how weak credit markets are impeding the social and economic mobility of the needy. By detailing the many disadvantages that impoverished people face when seeking to borrow, this important new volume highlights a significant national problem and offers solutions for the future.
Successful Lender's Field Guide
Author: Chris Nichols
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780997910902
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
This Field Guide targets commercial lenders and business development officers seeking innovative lending and marketing techniques, with the intent on maximizing value for both bank and borrower.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780997910902
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
This Field Guide targets commercial lenders and business development officers seeking innovative lending and marketing techniques, with the intent on maximizing value for both bank and borrower.
Fringe Banking
Author: John P. Caskey
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 1610441133
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 180
Book Description
"Cogently argued, fills an important gap in the literature, and is accessible to undergraduates." —Choice "Dismantles the mythology surrounding pawnshops and check-cashing outlets, and demonstrates that they are no longer on the fringe of our financial system but integral to it."—San Francisco Bay Guardian In today's world of electronic cash transfers, automated teller machines, and credit cards, the image of the musty, junk-laden pawnshop seems a relic of the past. But it is not. The 1980s witnessed a tremendous boom in pawnbroking. There are now more pawnshops thanever before in U.S. history, and they are found not only in large cities but in towns and suburbs throughout the nation. As John Caskey demonstrates in Fringe Banking, the increased public patronage of both pawnshops and commercial check-cashing outlets signals the growing number of American households now living on a cash-only basis, with no connection to any mainstream credit facilities or banking services. Fringe Banking is the first comprehensive study of pawnshops and check-cashing outlets, profiling their operations, customers, and recent growth from family-owned shops to such successful outlet chains as Cash American and ACE America's Cash Express. It explains why, despite interest rates and fees substantially higher than those of banks, their use has so dramatically increased. According to Caskey, declining family earnings, changing family structures, a growing immigrant population, and lack of household budgeting skills has greatly reduced the demand for bank deposit services among millions of Americans. In addition, banks responded to 1980s regulatory changes by increasing fees on deposit accounts with small balances and closing branches in many poor urban areas. These factors combined to leave many low- and moderate-income families without access to checking privileges, credit services, and bank loans. Pawnshops and check-cashing outlets provide such families with essential financial services thay cannot obtain elsewhere. Caskey notes that fringe banks, particularly check-cashing outlets, are also utilized by families who could participate in the formal banking system, but are willing to pay more for convenience and quick access to cash. Caskey argues that, contrary to their historical reputation as predators milking the poor and desperate, pawnshops and check-cashing outlets play a key financial role for disadvantaged groups. Citing the inconsistent and often unenforced state laws currently governing the industry, Fringe Banking challenges policy makers to design regulations that will allow fringe banks to remain profitable without exploiting the customers who depend on them.
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 1610441133
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 180
Book Description
"Cogently argued, fills an important gap in the literature, and is accessible to undergraduates." —Choice "Dismantles the mythology surrounding pawnshops and check-cashing outlets, and demonstrates that they are no longer on the fringe of our financial system but integral to it."—San Francisco Bay Guardian In today's world of electronic cash transfers, automated teller machines, and credit cards, the image of the musty, junk-laden pawnshop seems a relic of the past. But it is not. The 1980s witnessed a tremendous boom in pawnbroking. There are now more pawnshops thanever before in U.S. history, and they are found not only in large cities but in towns and suburbs throughout the nation. As John Caskey demonstrates in Fringe Banking, the increased public patronage of both pawnshops and commercial check-cashing outlets signals the growing number of American households now living on a cash-only basis, with no connection to any mainstream credit facilities or banking services. Fringe Banking is the first comprehensive study of pawnshops and check-cashing outlets, profiling their operations, customers, and recent growth from family-owned shops to such successful outlet chains as Cash American and ACE America's Cash Express. It explains why, despite interest rates and fees substantially higher than those of banks, their use has so dramatically increased. According to Caskey, declining family earnings, changing family structures, a growing immigrant population, and lack of household budgeting skills has greatly reduced the demand for bank deposit services among millions of Americans. In addition, banks responded to 1980s regulatory changes by increasing fees on deposit accounts with small balances and closing branches in many poor urban areas. These factors combined to leave many low- and moderate-income families without access to checking privileges, credit services, and bank loans. Pawnshops and check-cashing outlets provide such families with essential financial services thay cannot obtain elsewhere. Caskey notes that fringe banks, particularly check-cashing outlets, are also utilized by families who could participate in the formal banking system, but are willing to pay more for convenience and quick access to cash. Caskey argues that, contrary to their historical reputation as predators milking the poor and desperate, pawnshops and check-cashing outlets play a key financial role for disadvantaged groups. Citing the inconsistent and often unenforced state laws currently governing the industry, Fringe Banking challenges policy makers to design regulations that will allow fringe banks to remain profitable without exploiting the customers who depend on them.