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Author: Sarah J. Hindle Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aquatic invertebrate populations Languages : en Pages : 106
Book Description
Chapter 2. "In the summers of 2007-2010, the Spokane Tribe of Indians collected benthic macroinvertebrates (BMIs) from the Upper Columbia River using three techniques: benthic sled, benthic drift, and artificial substrates. An analysis of the samples collected by these methods revealed significant discrepancies in the types of organisms caught. Benthic sled and drift methods collected mainly planktonic taxa, primarily small crustaceans. This varies significantly from the community structure of the artificial substrate samples (p
Author: Sarah J. Hindle Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aquatic invertebrate populations Languages : en Pages : 106
Book Description
Chapter 2. "In the summers of 2007-2010, the Spokane Tribe of Indians collected benthic macroinvertebrates (BMIs) from the Upper Columbia River using three techniques: benthic sled, benthic drift, and artificial substrates. An analysis of the samples collected by these methods revealed significant discrepancies in the types of organisms caught. Benthic sled and drift methods collected mainly planktonic taxa, primarily small crustaceans. This varies significantly from the community structure of the artificial substrate samples (p
Author: Kirby Lynn McCready Wright Publisher: ISBN: Category : Benthic animals Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in riverine ecosystems are shaped by both local and large-scale influences. Most models of riverine community structure are grouped into either discrete or continuum conceptual models. However, there is much uncertainty in how these two classes of conceptual models apply to macroinvertebrate communities in the physicochemically consistent headwaters of spring-influenced rivers. This thesis examined benthic macroinvertebrate community composition and biomass among local discrete geomorphic mesohabitats (riffles, runs, and pools) and along an upstream to downstream gradient in two spring-fed rivers in central Texas (San Marcos River and Comal River, Hays County). The goal of my thesis was to examine the relative importance of downstream distance from springhead versus smaller-scale habitat conditions (i.e., mesohabitat units) in explaining the variation in macroinvertebrate community structure in these two spring-based subtropical riverine systems. I hypothesized that, because I sample in the upper physicochemically consistent reaches of both rivers that local mesohabitat conditions would explain more variation in community composition than downstream distance from springhead. I expected this change in community composition would be driven by replacement of taxa rather than differences in taxonomic richness. I also predicted that non-native benthic species would be more evenly distributed throughout the study reaches due to the consistency of physicochemical conditions. Finally, I predicted that the distribution of taxa specific biomass contributions will follow patterns seen in community composition change and will reflect taxonomic density estimates. To test these hypotheses, I sampled macroinvertebrates and local habitat parameters from mesohabitat types along three reaches in the first ~4 km of each river. I also determined biomass of each taxon and community-wide patterns of biomass distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates. I found that variation in taxonomic composition in both rivers was driven to a greater or equal amount by upstream to downstream distance from spring-influence, and by mesohabitat type. Taxonomic diversity did not vary with distance from springhead but was consistently lower in pool mesohabitats when compared to runs and riffles in both rivers. Compositional changes and patterns in b-diversity within mesohabitat types among study reaches indicated that replacement (as opposed to richness differences) was the main mechanism leading to patterns of b-diversity. I found that a non-native snail (Tarebia granifera) and an endemic spring snail (Elimia comalensis) appear to be spatially partitioning habitat in an upstream- to downstream manner. Finally, I found that Tarebia granifera constituted the largest proportion of benthic macroinvertebrate biomass in several study reaches downstream from springheads.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Abundance patterns in the small coastal and interior streams were related to the timing of invertebrate life cycles whereas abundance was related to life cycles and the spring freshet in the large rivers. [...] Coefficients of variation were determined for the ordinations of the genus/species, family, and functional data and for the ordination of the environmental variables, that change seasonally. [...] The discharge level achieved and the duration depends on the depth of the snow pack and the speed of melting. [...] The extreme temperatures in the interior increase the rate of weathering of the sedimentary rocks and result in hardwater streams with high alkalinity, high conductivity, and a slightly basic pH (Table 2.1). [...] The Fraser and the Thompson have an intermediate alkalinity, and a conductivity and pH similar to the interior streams (Table 2.1).
Author: Timothy Seung-chul Lee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Benthos Languages : en Pages : 108
Book Description
Macroinvertebrates constitute the backbone of megafaunal communities in benthic ecosystems around the globe. Many macroinvertebrates have vital roles in benthic ecosystems, ranging from enhancing habitat complexity to providing staple food sources for other organisms. Regardless of how familiar macroinvertebrates are to the general public, very few studies have attempted to describe benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages across large spatial scale in the continental shelf waters of the Pacific Northwest. This study describes different subtidal macroinvertebrate assemblages off Washington and Oregon based on species-substrata associations and the key species that distinguish one assemblage from another. Two data sets were used for this study: underwater footage collected by the submersible Delta during 1993-1995 geological surveys, and footage collected by the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Hammerhead during macroinvertebrate surveys in late summer 2011. Footages from these surveys were used to document species-substrata associations and distinguish different assemblages based on species composition similarities and dissimilarities. In addition, I determined if a specific group of invertebrates, Asteroids (Echinodermata), were useful in explaining different assemblage patterns, after all other environmental parameters were taken into account. Findings of this study can be used not only to shed light on the structure of macroinvertebrate communities in the Pacific Northwest, but also as baseline data for future research on the direct and indirect effects of potential offshore installations on macroinvertebrate communities across the continental shelf waters.
Author: Rebecca A. Zawalski Publisher: ISBN: Category : Stream invertebrates Languages : en Pages : 86
Book Description
Benthic macroinvertebrates (BMI) are widely used as bio-indicators for local in-stream quality. However, local community structure can be affected by smaller scale (local) environmental conditions and larger scale processes. I assessed the abundance and diversity of BMI and their relationship with local in-stream conditions, regional patterns of land-use/land cover (LULC), and large scale physiographic gradients across the Guadalupe River System, a large basin (3,256 km2) in Central Texas. Macroinvertebrates, water quality, and habitat conditions across 28 sites in the Guadalupe River and its main tributaries were sampled. Highest species diversity occurred near the headwaters, and decreased downstream. Pollution tolerance levels increased downstream and followed an increasing agriculture gradient. Landscape factors explained a large proportion of variation in macroinvertebrate community structure (38%), but 16% of it was spatially structured (shared with spatial factors latitude and longitude) and 4% was explained by spatial factors alone. Local environmental factors were strongly correlated with landscape factors and explained similar amount of variation as landscape factors. My study highlights the importance of incorporating physiographic gradients when examining local and regional diversity and composition of BMI communities, especially in large complex watersheds. My results will help develop more effective monitoring programs for larger river systems.
Author: Lauren Pulliam Publisher: ISBN: Category : Aquatic insects Languages : en Pages : 73
Book Description
Altitudinal gradients in Sub-Antarctic freshwater systems present unique opportunities to study the effect of distinct environmental gradients on benthic macroinvertebrate community composition and dispersal. This study investigates patterns in biodiversity, dispersal and population genetic structure of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna across an altitudinal gradient between two watersheds on Navarino Island in southern Chile. Patterns in diversity, density, evenness and functional feeding groups were not significantly different across the altitudinal gradient in both the Windhond and Róbalo Rivers. Taxa richness in both rivers generally increased from the headwaters of the river to the mouth, and functional feeding group patterns were consistent with the predictions of the River Continuum Concept. Population genetic structure and gene flow was investigated by sampling the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene in two invertebrate species with different dispersal strategies. Hyalella simplex (Amphipoda) is an obligate aquatic species, and Meridialaris chiloeense (Ephemeroptera) is an aquatic larvae and a terrestrial winged adult. Contrasting patterns of population genetic structure were observed. Results for Hyalella simplex indicate significant differentiation in genetic structure in the Amphipod populations between watersheds and lower genetic diversity in the Róbalo River samples, which may be a result of instream dispersal barriers. Meridialaris chiloeense exhibited weak population structure but higher genetic diversity, which suggests this species is able to disperse widely as a winged adult.
Author: Sarah J. Hindle
Author: Sarah J. Hindle
Author: Kirby Lynn McCready Wright
Author: 
Author: Richard Lee Bottorff
Author: Timothy Seung-chul Lee
Author: Greg L. Larson
Author: Alysia Helena Perry
Author: Rebecca A. Zawalski
Author: Lauren Pulliam
Author: