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Author: Michael Turk Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0444594434 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 153
Book Description
Particle formation with supercritical fluids is a promising alternative to conventional precipitation processes as it allows the reduction of particle size and control of morphology and particle size distribution without degradation or contamination of the product. The book comprehensively examines the current status of research and development and provides perspectives and insights on promising future directions.The introduction to high pressure and high temperature phase equilibria and nucleation phenomena provides the basic principles of the underlying physical and chemical phenomena, allowing the reader an understanding of the relationship between process conditions and particle characteristics.Bridging the gap between theory and application, the book imparts the scientific and engineering fundamentals for innovative particle formation processes. The interdisciplinary "modus operandi" will encourage cooperation between scientists and researchers from different but complementary disciplines. - Focuses on the general principles of particle formation in supercritical fluids - Considers high pressure and high temperature phase equilibria, fluid dynamics and nucleation theory - Discusses the underlying physical and chemical phenomena needed to understand the different applications, pointing out the relationship between process conditions and product properties
Author: Michael Turk Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0444594434 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 153
Book Description
Particle formation with supercritical fluids is a promising alternative to conventional precipitation processes as it allows the reduction of particle size and control of morphology and particle size distribution without degradation or contamination of the product. The book comprehensively examines the current status of research and development and provides perspectives and insights on promising future directions.The introduction to high pressure and high temperature phase equilibria and nucleation phenomena provides the basic principles of the underlying physical and chemical phenomena, allowing the reader an understanding of the relationship between process conditions and particle characteristics.Bridging the gap between theory and application, the book imparts the scientific and engineering fundamentals for innovative particle formation processes. The interdisciplinary "modus operandi" will encourage cooperation between scientists and researchers from different but complementary disciplines. - Focuses on the general principles of particle formation in supercritical fluids - Considers high pressure and high temperature phase equilibria, fluid dynamics and nucleation theory - Discusses the underlying physical and chemical phenomena needed to understand the different applications, pointing out the relationship between process conditions and product properties
Author: Mazen H. Hanna Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
A novel apparatus and methods of controlled particle formation from supercritical fluids are proposed. A solution of the material of interest is fed together with a fluid (e.g. CO2) above its critical point through a concentric nozzle into a high pressure vessel. The temperature and pressure of the vessel are controlled by a thermocouple and an automated back pressure regulator respectively. The supercritical fluid disperses, mixes and rapidly extracts the solvent leading to formation of particulate products. The products are retained in the high pressure vessel by a particle retention device. The supercritical solution (i.e. the supercritical fluid and the solvent) emerging from the back pressure regulator is allowed to expand so that the solvent may separate from the gas, and both are recycled. By changing the working conditions of pressure, temperature and flow rate of the solution to the supercritical fluid, it is possible to control the size, shape and morphology of the products - increase of the pressure and/or flow rate of the supercritical fluid led to a decrease in particle size. Products prepared by this new technique include, drug materials, inorganics, polymers, carbohydrates and proteins. Microparticulate products of the drug salmeterol xinafoate exhibit narrow size distribution, batch-to-batch consistency, high degree of crystallinity, enhanced chemical and polymorphic purity, low dynamic bulk density, undetectable amounts of residual solvent content and are free flowing with low dispersion energy due to lack of static charge. This new method of preparation of particles from supercritical fluids has potential applicatlon to industrial particle formation processing avoiding problems of conventional crystallisation procedures.
Author: E. Kiran Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401139296 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 602
Book Description
Supercritical fluids are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density and they are therefore interesting and important as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the density the properties of these fluids can be customised and manipulated for a given process - physical or chemical transformation. Separation and processing using supercritical solvents such as CO2 are currently on-line commercially in the food, essential oils and polymer industries. Many agencies and industries are considering the use of supercritical water for waste remediation. Supercritical fluid chromatography represents another, major analytical application. Significant advances have recently been made in materials processing, ranging from particle formation to the creation of porous materials. The chapters in this book provide tutorial accounts of topical areas centred around: (1) phase equilibria, thermodynamics and equations of state; (2) critical behaviour, crossover effects; (3) transport and interfacial properties; (4) molecular modelling, computer simulation; (5) reactions, spectroscopy; (6) phase separation kinetics; (7) extractions; (8) applications to polymers, pharmaceuticals, natural materials and chromatography; (9) process scale-up.
Author: Peter York Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1135538174 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 815
Book Description
Interconnecting the fundamentals of supercritical fluid (SCF) technologies, their current and anticipated utility in drug delivery, and process engineering advances from related methodological domains and pharmaceutical applications, this volume unlocks the potential of supercritical fluids to further the development of improved pharmaceutical prod
Author: Vladimir Anikeev Publisher: Newnes ISBN: 0444626972 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 285
Book Description
Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications covers the fundamental principles involved in the preparation and characterization of supercritical fluids (SCFs) used in the energy production and other environmental applications. Energy production from diversified resources — including renewable materials — using clean processes can be accomplished using technologies like SCFs. This book is focused on critical issues scientists and engineers face in applying SCFs to energy production and environmental protection, the innovative solutions they have found, and the challenges they need to overcome. The book also covers the basics of sub- and supercritical fluids, like the thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations.A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. At this state the compound demonstrates unique properties, which can be "fine-tuned," making them suitable as organic solvents in a range of industrial and laboratory processes.This volume enables readers to select the most appropriate medium for a specific situation. It helps instructors prepare course material for graduate and postgraduate courses in the area of chemistry, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering. And it helps professional engineers learn supercritical fluid-based technologies and use them in solving the increasingly challenging environmental issues. - Relates theory, chemical characteristics, and properties of the particular supercritical fluid to its various applications - Covers the fundamentals of supercritical fluids, like thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations - Includes the most recent applications of supercritical fluids, including energy generation, materials synthesis, and environmental protection
Author: Michael Turk
Author: Michael Turk
Author: Amendi Pennington Stephens
Author: Mazen H. Hanna
Author: Gina Rae Shaub
Author: 
Author: E. Kiran
Author: Peter York
Author: Vladimir Anikeev
Author: Todd Matthew Martin
Author: Richard Smith