Particle Beam Radiation Therapies for Cancer PDF Download
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Author: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub ISBN: 9781484907931 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
Radiotherapy with charged particles can potentially deliver maximal doses while minimizing irradiation of surrounding tissues. It may be more effective or less harmful than other forms of radiotherapy for some cancers. The aim of this Technical Brief was to survey the evidence on particle beam radiotherapy. Most types of cancer radiotherapy use ionizing photon (X-ray or gamma-ray) beams for the local or regional treatment of disease. Ionizing radiation damages the DNA of tumor and healthy cells alike, triggering complex biochemical reactions and eventually resulting in prolonged abnormal cell function and cellular death. Ionizing radiation is harmful to all tissues, malignant or healthy. In clinical practice, lethal tumor doses are not always achievable because of radiation-induced morbidity to normal tissues. Radiation therapists aim to maximize dose (and damage) to the target tumor and minimize radiation-induced morbidity to adjacent healthy tissues. This is generally achieved by targeting the beam to the tumor area through paths that spare nearby critical and radiosensitive anatomic structures; selecting multiple fields that cross in the tumor area through different paths, to avoid overexposing the same healthy tissues; and by partitioning the total dose in fractions (small amounts) over successive sessions. Because healthy tissues recover better and faster than malignant ones, with each radiotherapy session the accumulated cellular damage in the targeted tumor increases, while normal tissues are given the opportunity to repair. An alternative treatment modality is charged particle radiotherapy, which uses beams of protons or other charged particles such as helium, carbon or other ions instead of photons. They deposit most of their energy in the last final millimeters of their trajectory. This results in a sharp and localized peak of dose, known as the Bragg peak. The initial energy of the charged particles determines how deep in the body the Bragg peak will form. The intensity of the beam determines the dose that will be deposited to the tissues. By adjusting the energy of the charged particles and by adjusting the intensity of the beam one can deliver prespecified doses anywhere in the patient's body with high precision. As with photon therapy, the biological effects of charged particle beams increase with radiation dose. Because charged particles interact with tissues in different ways than photons, the same amount of radiation can have more pronounced biologic effects when delivered as charged particles. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) requested a Technical Brief on the role of particle beam radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer conditions. Key Questions include: KQ1: 1.a. What are the different particle beam radiation therapies that have been proposed to be used on cancer? 1.b. What are the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of these therapies compared to other radiation therapies that are currently used for cancer treatment? 1.c. What are the potential safety issues and harms of the use of particle beam radiation therapy? KQ2: 2.a. What instrumentation is needed for particle beam radiation and what is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) status of this instrumentation? 2.b. What is an estimate of the number of hospitals that currently have the instrumentation or are planning to build instrumentation for these therapies in the US? 2.c. What instrumentation technologies are in development? KQ3: Perform a systematic literature scan on studies on the use and safety of these therapies in cancer, with a synthesis of the following variables: 3.a. Type of cancer and patient eligibility criteria 3.b. Type of radiation, instrumentation and algorithms used 3.c. Study design and size 3.d. Comparator used in comparative studies. 3.e. Length of followup 3.f. Concurrent or prior treatments 3.g. Outcomes measured 3.h. Adverse events, harms and safety issues reported
Author: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub ISBN: 9781484907931 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
Radiotherapy with charged particles can potentially deliver maximal doses while minimizing irradiation of surrounding tissues. It may be more effective or less harmful than other forms of radiotherapy for some cancers. The aim of this Technical Brief was to survey the evidence on particle beam radiotherapy. Most types of cancer radiotherapy use ionizing photon (X-ray or gamma-ray) beams for the local or regional treatment of disease. Ionizing radiation damages the DNA of tumor and healthy cells alike, triggering complex biochemical reactions and eventually resulting in prolonged abnormal cell function and cellular death. Ionizing radiation is harmful to all tissues, malignant or healthy. In clinical practice, lethal tumor doses are not always achievable because of radiation-induced morbidity to normal tissues. Radiation therapists aim to maximize dose (and damage) to the target tumor and minimize radiation-induced morbidity to adjacent healthy tissues. This is generally achieved by targeting the beam to the tumor area through paths that spare nearby critical and radiosensitive anatomic structures; selecting multiple fields that cross in the tumor area through different paths, to avoid overexposing the same healthy tissues; and by partitioning the total dose in fractions (small amounts) over successive sessions. Because healthy tissues recover better and faster than malignant ones, with each radiotherapy session the accumulated cellular damage in the targeted tumor increases, while normal tissues are given the opportunity to repair. An alternative treatment modality is charged particle radiotherapy, which uses beams of protons or other charged particles such as helium, carbon or other ions instead of photons. They deposit most of their energy in the last final millimeters of their trajectory. This results in a sharp and localized peak of dose, known as the Bragg peak. The initial energy of the charged particles determines how deep in the body the Bragg peak will form. The intensity of the beam determines the dose that will be deposited to the tissues. By adjusting the energy of the charged particles and by adjusting the intensity of the beam one can deliver prespecified doses anywhere in the patient's body with high precision. As with photon therapy, the biological effects of charged particle beams increase with radiation dose. Because charged particles interact with tissues in different ways than photons, the same amount of radiation can have more pronounced biologic effects when delivered as charged particles. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) requested a Technical Brief on the role of particle beam radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer conditions. Key Questions include: KQ1: 1.a. What are the different particle beam radiation therapies that have been proposed to be used on cancer? 1.b. What are the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of these therapies compared to other radiation therapies that are currently used for cancer treatment? 1.c. What are the potential safety issues and harms of the use of particle beam radiation therapy? KQ2: 2.a. What instrumentation is needed for particle beam radiation and what is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) status of this instrumentation? 2.b. What is an estimate of the number of hospitals that currently have the instrumentation or are planning to build instrumentation for these therapies in the US? 2.c. What instrumentation technologies are in development? KQ3: Perform a systematic literature scan on studies on the use and safety of these therapies in cancer, with a synthesis of the following variables: 3.a. Type of cancer and patient eligibility criteria 3.b. Type of radiation, instrumentation and algorithms used 3.c. Study design and size 3.d. Comparator used in comparative studies. 3.e. Length of followup 3.f. Concurrent or prior treatments 3.g. Outcomes measured 3.h. Adverse events, harms and safety issues reported
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Radiotherapy with charged particles can potentially deliver maximal doses while minimizing irradiation of surrounding tissues. It may be more effective or less harmful than other forms of radiotherapy for some cancers. Currently, seven centers in the United States have facilities for particle (proton) irradiation, and at least four are under construction, each costing between $100 and $225 million. The aim of this Technical Brief was to survey the evidence on particle beam radiotherapy.
Author: Simon S. Lo Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364225604X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 433
Book Description
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important innovative treatment for various primary and metastatic cancers. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the physical/technological, biological, and clinical aspects of SBRT. It will serve as a detailed resource for this rapidly developing treatment modality. The organ sites covered include lung, liver, spine, pancreas, prostate, adrenal, head and neck, and female reproductive tract. Retrospective studies and prospective clinical trials on SBRT for various organ sites from around the world are examined, and toxicities and normal tissue constraints are discussed. This book features unique insights from world-renowned experts in SBRT from North America, Asia, and Europe. It will be necessary reading for radiation oncologists, radiation oncology residents and fellows, medical physicists, medical physics residents, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer scientists.
Author: C-M Charlie Ma Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439816085 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 254
Book Description
Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy is an up-to-date guide to using proton and carbon ion therapy in modern cancer treatment. The book covers the physics and radiobiology basics of proton and ion beams, dosimetry methods and radiation measurements, and treatment delivery systems. It gives practical guidance on patient setup, target localization, and trea
Author: Harald Paganetti Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439836450 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 691
Book Description
Proton Therapy Physics goes beyond current books on proton therapy to provide an in-depth overview of the physics aspects of this radiation therapy modality, eliminating the need to dig through information scattered in the medical physics literature. After tracing the history of proton therapy, the book summarizes the atomic and nuclear physics background necessary for understanding proton interactions with tissue. It describes the physics of proton accelerators, the parameters of clinical proton beams, and the mechanisms to generate a conformal dose distribution in a patient. The text then covers detector systems and measuring techniques for reference dosimetry, outlines basic quality assurance and commissioning guidelines, and gives examples of Monte Carlo simulations in proton therapy. The book moves on to discussions of treatment planning for single- and multiple-field uniform doses, dose calculation concepts and algorithms, and precision and uncertainties for nonmoving and moving targets. It also examines computerized treatment plan optimization, methods for in vivo dose or beam range verification, the safety of patients and operating personnel, and the biological implications of using protons from a physics perspective. The final chapter illustrates the use of risk models for common tissue complications in treatment optimization. Along with exploring quality assurance issues and biological considerations, this practical guide collects the latest clinical studies on the use of protons in treatment planning and radiation monitoring. Suitable for both newcomers in medical physics and more seasoned specialists in radiation oncology, the book helps readers understand the uncertainties and limitations of precisely shaped dose distribution.
Author: Thomas F. De Laney Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN: 9780781765527 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
This volume is the first comprehensive and practical clinical reference on proton and charged particle radiotherapy. The first half of the book explains the treatment delivery systems used, offers detailed guidance on treatment planning techniques, examines key clinical issues in proton radiotherapy, and reviews recent experience with heavier charged particle radiotherapy. The second half of the book offers "how-to" information on treatment of pediatric tumors, lymphomas, and tumors of the central nervous system, eye, skull base, cervical spine, bone and soft tissue, paranasal sinus, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, oral cavity, salivary glands, prostate, lung, gastrointestinal tract, female reproductive tract, and breast. More than 100 full-color illustrations complement the text.
Author: Arabinda Kumar Rath Publisher: Springer ISBN: 8132226224 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 203
Book Description
The results of decades of research and development are providing compelling evidence about the efficacy of radiation therapy with proton and carbon ion beams to achieve superior complication free tumor control leading to a world-wide rapid growth in their clinical use. This book contains comprehensive reviews of the state of the art of the technology and physics of heavy charge particle therapy by the experts from the leading cancer centers of world that will be valuable as a practical guide for radiation therapy professionals interested in these modalities.
Author: Manjit Dosanjh Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351662333 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 343
Book Description
Hadron therapy is a groundbreaking new method of treating cancer. Boasting greater precision than other therapies, this therapy is now utilised in many clinical settings and the field is growing. More than 50 medical facilities currently perform (or are planned to perform) this treatment, with this number set to double by 2020. This new text covers the most recent advances in hadron therapy, exploring the physics, technology, biology, diagnosis, clinical applications, and economics behind the therapy. Providing essential and up-to-date information on recent developments in the field, this book will be of interest to current and aspiring specialists from a wide range of backgrounds. Features: Multidisciplinary approach: explores the physics, IT (big data), biology, clinical applications from imaging to treatment, clinical trials, and economics associated with hadron therapy Contains the latest research and developments in this rapidly evolving field, and integrates them into the current global challenges for radiation therapy Edited by recognised leaders in the field, including the co-ordinator of ENLIGHT (the European Network for Light Ion Hadron Therapy), with chapter contributions from international leading experts in the field
Author: Santosh Yajnik Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 146145297X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 123
Book Description
Proton beam therapy is an emerging technology with promise of revolutionizing the treatment of cancer. While nearly half of all patients diagnosed with cancer in the US receive radiation therapy, the majority is delivered via electron accelerators, where photons are used to irradiate cancerous tissue. Because of the physical properties of photon beams, photons may deposit energy along their entire path length through the body. On the other hand, a proton beam directed at a tumor travels in a straight trajectory towards its target, gives off most of its energy at a defined depth called the Bragg peak, and then stops. While photons often deposit more energy within the healthy tissues of the body than within the cancer itself, protons can deposit most of their cancer-killing energy within the area of the tumor. As a result, in the properly selected patients, proton beam therapy has the ability to improve cure rates by increasing the dose delivered to the tumor and simultaneously reduce side-effects by decreasing the dose to surrounding tissue. The benefits of proton beam therapy in delivering a lethal hit to the target while sparing surrounding normal tissues from radiation are becoming applicable to an increasing number of patients and a growing list of conditions. In this book, the author will guide the reader through existing evidence supporting proton beam therapy for pediatric cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, brain tumors, spinal tumors, and several other conditions. The book will discuss which conditions are suitable for treatment with proton beam therapy, how the treatment is delivered, and the current data supporting its use.
Author: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Author: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Simon S. Lo
Author: C-M Charlie Ma
Author: Harald Paganetti
Author: Thomas F. De Laney
Author: Arabinda Kumar Rath
Author: Manjit Dosanjh
Author: Santosh Yajnik