Author: Paul D. Kohnen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Peas Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
Biological, serological, and molecular characteristics of the P4 pathotype of pea seedborne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV) were investigated. The characterization allowed P4 to be differentiated from other pathotypes of the same virus. P4 was distinguished from P1 on the basis of host symptomatology. It induced varied, but often distinctive symptoms in systemically-infected pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars. P4 inoculation of indicator hosts, notably Chenopodium album, resulted in the formation of local lesions. Pathotype P4 was seed transmitted at low frequencies relative to P1. In ten selected pea cultivars, seed transmission of P4 never exceeded 0.7%, while P1 was transmitted at frequencies as high as 33%. In mixed infections with P1, pathotype P4 was seed transmitted at 0- 2% as determined by P4-specific indirect ELISA. However, limited polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data suggest that P4 may be transmitted with P1 at higher rates than indicated by ELISA data. P4 was also aphid transmitted at relatively low rates. Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) allowed 3 or 5 min acquisition access periods (AAP's) transmitted P4 at a maximum rate of 16% (3 aphids/plant). P4 transmission required short (1-7 min) AAP's and exhibited no bimodal character within tested parameters. P4 could be serologically distinguished from the other pathotypes using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Tests with cross-reactive P4 antiserum suggest that P4 is more closely related to P2 than P1. P4-specific antiserum was derived by cross-absorbing diluted antiserum with P1- infected pea sap to eliminate P1- reactive antibodies. P1 and P4 RNA was detected and differentiated using pathotype-specific oligonucleotide primers in conjunction with PCR. Viral RNA sequences were amplified in pure preparations as well as crude pea tissue (leaf, root, pollen, and seed) extracts.
Author: Ravindra Kumar Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9813290463 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 860
Book Description
The global population is increasing rapidly, and feeding the ever-increasing population poses a serious challenge for agriculturalists around the world. Seed is a basic and critical input in agriculture to ensure global food security. Roughly 90 percent of the crops grown all over the world are propagated by seed. However, seed can also harbour and spread pathogens, e.g. fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses etc., which cause devastating diseases. Seed-borne pathogens represent a major threat to crop establishment and yield. Hence, timely detection and diagnosis is a prerequisite for their effective management. The book "Seed-Borne Diseases of Agricultural Crops: Detection, Diagnosis & Management" addresses key issues related to seed-borne/transmitted diseases in various agricultural crops. Divided into 30 chapters, it offers a comprehensive compilation of papers concerning: the history of seed pathology, importance of seed-borne diseases, seed-borne diseases and quarantine, seed health testing and certification, detection and diagnosis of seed-borne diseases and their phytopathogens, host-parasite interactions during development of seed-borne diseases, diversity of seed-borne pathogens, seed-borne diseases in major agricultural crops, non-parasitic seed disorders, mechanisms of seed transmission and seed infection, storage fungi and mycotoxins, impact of seed-borne diseases on human and animal health, and management options for seed-borne diseases. We wish to thank all of the eminent researchers who contributed valuable chapters to our book, which will be immensely useful for students, researchers, academics, and all those involved in various agro-industries.
Author: K. Subramanya Sastry Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 8132208137 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 343
Book Description
Seeds provide an efficient means in disseminating plant virus and viroid diseases. The success of modern agriculture depends on pathogen free seed with high yielding character and in turn disease management. There is a serious scientific concern about the transmission of plant viruses sexually through seed and asexually through plant propagules. The present book provides the latest information along with the total list of seed transmitted virus and viroid diseases at global level including, the yield losses, diagnostic techniques, mechanism of seed transmission, epidemiology and virus disease management aspects. Additional information is also provided on the transmission of plant virus and virus-like diseases through vegetative propagules. It is also well known that seed transmitted viruses are introduced into new countries and continents during large-scale traffic movements through infected germplasm and plant propogules. The latest diagnostic molecular techniques in different virus-host combinations along with disease management measures have been included. The book shall be a good reference source and also a text book to the research scientists, teachers, students of plant pathology, agriculture, horticulture, life sciences, green house managers, professional entrepreneurs, persons involved in quarantines and seed companies. This book has several important features of seed transmitted virus diseases and is a good informative source and thus deserves a place in almost all university libraries, seed companies and research organizations.
Author: Th. Jacobs Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401120048 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 370
Book Description
From February 24 -28, 1992 an international symposium on Durability of Disease Resistance was held at the International Agricultural Centre in Wageningen, the Netherlands. The symposium, organized by the Department of Plant Breeding of Wageningen Agricultural University and the Centre for Plant Breeding and Repro duction Research, CPRO-DLO, was part of the DGIS funded programme Durable Resistance in Developing Countries. Without any form of prevention or protection nearly all crops will be seriously or even severely damaged by a range of pathogens. In modern agriculture man has been able to control many if not most pathogens using i) pesticides, ii) phyto sanitary methods such as control of seed and plant material in order to start a crop disease free, iii) agronomic measures such as crop rotation, iv) disease resis tance or combinations of these measures. Over the years the use of pesticides has increased enormously and so did the pro blems associated with pesticide use, such as environmental pollution and building of resistance and tolerance to these pesticides in the pathogens. The use of resis tance too increased strongly over the years and here too problems arose.
Author: Gad Loebenstein Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123943140 Category : Gardening Languages : en Pages : 596
Book Description
This volume of Advances in Virus Research focuses on mycoviruses. The authors and reviews represent the most current and cutting-edge research in the field. A broad range of research is presented from research experts. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Author: Bikash Mandal Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811056722 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 800
Book Description
The book is a compilation of research work carried out on plant viruses during past 100 years in India. Plant viruses are important constraints in Indian agriculture. Tropical and sub-tropical environments and intensive crop cultivation practices ideally favours perpetuation of numerous plant viruses and their vectors in India, which often cause wide spread crop losses. Of all the plant pathogens, studies of plant viruses have received a special attention as they are difficult to manage. A large body of literature has been published on the plant virus research from India during past 100 years; however the information is so far not available in one place. This book provides comprehensive information on the biology, molecular biology, epidemics, crop losses, diagnosis and management of viruses and viroids occurring in India. Description of properties of the viruses are provided in the chapters comprising of different genera such as Allexivirus, Begomovirus, Babuvirus, Badnavirus, Carlavirus, Carmovirus, Cucumovirus, Closterovirus, Ilavirus, Mandrivirus, Potyvirus, Tospovirus, Tungrovirus and Sobemovirus. Virus-vector research related to aphid, thrips and whitefly is discussed. The work on the management aspects of plant viral diseases has been described with reference to the conventional, antiviral and transgenic approaches. Further, the quarantine mechanism developed in India for the exclusion of viruses and vectors has also been included. The book also provides useful information about the capacity building on the research and education on Plant Virology in India. Overall, the book covers a wide range of accounts of research findings and innovations in Plant Virology in India during past 100 years. The book will be a resourceful reference to the students, scientists, agricultural professionals and policy makers.
Author: Paul D. Kohnen
Author: Ravindra Kumar
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Author: K. Subramanya Sastry
Author: Th. Jacobs
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Author: Gad Loebenstein
Author: Bikash Mandal