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Author: Reuven Y. Hazan Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1000937054 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 251
Book Description
This book assesses the larger influences that government termination by parliaments has on executive–legislative relations, claiming that the way in which the governments may be challenged or dismissed has far greater impact than previously understood. The core feature of a parliamentary system is not that governments tend to emerge from the legislatures in some way or another, but their political responsibility to this body. While in only some parliamentary systems the government needs formal support of parliament to take office, in all parliamentary systems no government can survive against the will of parliament. The academic literature related to the rules for how governments form is vast. Strikingly, scholars have paid far less time to unpack the core institution of parliamentary systems of government – the confidence relationship and the various no confidence procedures. The chapters explore the institutions by which parliaments hold governments accountable and how they balance elected parliaments and appointed governments in parliamentary systems. Contributions move beyond the standard focus on government formation and instead analyse government termination by parliament evaluating its consequences in a detailed and comprehensive manner. This book will be of interest to students and academics in the field of political science, governance and political theory. The chapters in this book were originally published in West European Politics.
Author: Reuven Y. Hazan Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1000937054 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 251
Book Description
This book assesses the larger influences that government termination by parliaments has on executive–legislative relations, claiming that the way in which the governments may be challenged or dismissed has far greater impact than previously understood. The core feature of a parliamentary system is not that governments tend to emerge from the legislatures in some way or another, but their political responsibility to this body. While in only some parliamentary systems the government needs formal support of parliament to take office, in all parliamentary systems no government can survive against the will of parliament. The academic literature related to the rules for how governments form is vast. Strikingly, scholars have paid far less time to unpack the core institution of parliamentary systems of government – the confidence relationship and the various no confidence procedures. The chapters explore the institutions by which parliaments hold governments accountable and how they balance elected parliaments and appointed governments in parliamentary systems. Contributions move beyond the standard focus on government formation and instead analyse government termination by parliament evaluating its consequences in a detailed and comprehensive manner. This book will be of interest to students and academics in the field of political science, governance and political theory. The chapters in this book were originally published in West European Politics.
Author: Ioannis Loukas Vassiliadis Publisher: ISBN: Category : Coalition governments Languages : en Pages : 129
Book Description
"The lifecycle of governments in parliamentary democracies has been in the forefront of comparative political research for more than half a century. While the empirical analyses have, up to this day, been performed with the individual cabinet as the unit of analysis, the decision to maintain or dissolve the government ultimately rests with the participating parties. This dissertation aims to contribute to the aforementioned literature by directly focusing on political parties as the main decision-making unit in the setting of coalition governments. The decision of political parties to leave the cabinet - and thus cause the termination of the government - is a potentially costly public action, one that strategic parties would not take lightly. Here, I examine potential reasons that account for the variation in parties' decisions to terminate the coalition governments in which they participate. In particular, I explore how the calculations of coalition partners are influenced by both party- and cabinet-specific factors, including structural characteristics of parties via-a-vis the rest of the government and the parliament, the likely political developments that a government termination engenders, and a changing political context. The analysis builds on a novel classification of government terminations that I put forth in Chapter 1. In particular, I introduce a set of systematic criteria intended to capture premature party departure from the cabinet. This allows a finer identification of the actors responsible for each government termination. This classification is then applied to a party-level dataset that contains information on all governments and their participating parties in 18 European countries in the period 1945-2014. In the first Chapter, I identify what party attributes are correlated with a higher ex ante probability of leaving the government, and explore whether ideological, electoral, or office-related incentives are associated with this phenomenon. I find that ideological conflict within the cabinet and electoral competition from the opposition are significant predictors of a political party's decision to leave the cabinet. On the contrary, there is only limited support for the hypothesis that parties leave in order to pursue better options by participating in a different government. Specifically, parties' coalition potential, as measured by their size and ideological placement in the parliament, does not statistically significantly increase the probability that the party terminates the government. This analysis allows for, and is robust to, the presence of cabinet-level unobserved heterogeneity. These findings are consistent with the notion that formateurs may not be maximizing the durability of coalitions, and that political parties may be bargaining in a non-continuous agreement space. Parties' calculations on exiting the government presumably depend on whether they expect a parliamentary dissolution and new elections to follow the termination of the government, or not. With this in mind, in the second Chapter, I offer an empirical account of parliamentary dissolutions and replacement governments using the conventional cabinet-level analysis. In particular, I examine the effects of different parliament-level factors that the existing literature has found to be conducive to dissolutions. The goal of this analysis is to derive unbiased estimates of the probability of a parliamentary dissolution following the termination of the government. This is a novel approach to an underexplored question, and provides substantive inferences independently of its larger role in this dissertation. These unbiased estimates can then be used to inform the analysis of individual party decision-making, by explicitly taking into account the possibility that a premature cabinet termination may lead to new elections or a replacement government. I show that the calling of new elections is correlated with premature government terminations, and that unless this correlation is accounted for, naive estimates of the probability of parliamentary dissolutions are biased due to sample selection. I find that time remaining until the next regularly-scheduled election is the most important predictor of parliamentary dissolution, while there is mixed support for explanations based on the complexity of the bargaining environment. Armed with the results of Chapter 2, I perform a more nuanced analysis of the decision of individual parties to leave the cabinet in Chapter 3, where I examine whether changes in the political and economic environment lead coalition partners to reconsider their participation in the government. Using changes in opinion polls and the state of the economy, I am able to quantify "critical events" and thus capture the dynamic context in which governments and parties operate. I combine these with unbiased estimates of the probability of new elections following the termination of the government, obtained in the previous chapter. By properly accounting for the different outcomes of government termination, I am able to adjudicate between "surfing" and "blame avoidance" incentives. The main results show that popularity surges can lead to government terminations, but are not sufficient to cause parliamentary dissolutions: to the extent that individual parties capitalize on their increased popularity, it is by negotiating better terms within the existing parliament. This reflects the fact that in multiparty settings, as the ones in this study, individual parties benefiting from improved polls can seldom convince their laggard counterparts to dissolve the parliament. Furthermore, I find that parties react to opportunistic incentives created by improvements in the state of the economy. Finally, I find that the effects of the different environmental changes are conditional on the likelihood of new elections, should the government terminate"--Pages xi-xiv.
Author: Paul Warwick Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 0521470285 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 198
Book Description
This book describes the results of a quantitative investigation into one of the central questions of political science: what determines how long governments survive in parliamentary democracies? Government survival is important because it constitutes an essential component of the overall functioning of parliamentary democracies; it is also closely associated with the introduction to the discipline of event history analysis, a highly promising statistical methodology. The investigation utilizes this methodology on what is undoubtedly the most comprehensive data set yet assembled on governments, comprising hundreds of variables measured for governments in sixteen West European parliamentary democracies over the entire post-war period to 1989. The results fundamentally challenge the central thread of theorizing on government survival and point to an alternative conceptualization of the relationship among governments, parties and voters.
Author: Marc van der Hulst Publisher: Inter-Parliamentary Union ISBN: 9291420565 Category : Legislators Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
Undersøgelse af parlamentsmandatet baseret på svar på IPU-spørgeskema fra 134 parlamenter. Svarene er sammenlignet systematisk med de respektive forfatninger, lovgivning og parlamentsforretningsordener.
Author: Shane Martin Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 0199653011 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 785
Book Description
Legislatures are arguably the most important political institution in modern democracies. The Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies, written by some of the most distinguished legislative scholars in political science, provides a comprehensive and up-to-date description and critical assessment of the state of the art in this key area.
Author: Kaare Strøm Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 0199587493 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 443
Book Description
Cabinets and Coalition Bargaining: The Democratic Life Cycle in Western Europe provides a comprehensive analysis of coalition politics in Western Europe over the post-war period. It champions a dynamic approach in which the various stages in the life of coalitions influence each other. After a review of the literature a theory chapter addresses the roles of bargaining and transaction costs in coalition governance. Eight comparative chapters address the topics of government formation (government type, formation duration), coalition agreements, portfolio allocation, conflict management, cabinet termination and duration, and the electoral consequences of coalition government. The book is based on the most comprehensive data set ever employed in coalition studies that includes both coalitional and single-party countries and governments. Each chapter first provides a comparative overview of the phenomenon under study and then moves on to state-of-the art statistical analysis. Conceptually and in the statistical analysis the study argues for an integrated approach stressing the relevance of countries, time, 'structural attributes', actors' preferences, institutions, the coalition's bargaining environment, and 'critical events'. Indeed, sufficient explanations of most phenomena under study require independent variables from several of these categories. Comparative Politics is a series for students, teachers, and researchers of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. Global in scope, books in the series are characterised by a stress on comparative analysis and strong methodological rigour. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. For more information visit www.essex.ac.uk/ecpr The Comparative Politics Series is edited by Professor David M. Farrell, School of Politics and International Relations, University College Dublin, Kenneth Carty, Professor of Political Science, University of British Columbia, and Professor Dirk Berg-Schlosser, Institute of Political Science, Philipps University, Marburg.
Author: Reuven Y. Hazan
Author: Reuven Y. Hazan
Author: Ioannis Loukas Vassiliadis
Author: Reʾuven Yaʾir Ḥazan
Author: Paul Warwick
Author: Anne Twomey
Author: Marc van der Hulst
Author: Shane Martin
Author: David G. McGee
Author: Kaare Strøm
Author: Hironori Yamamoto