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Author: Madeline E. Mackie Publisher: ISBN: 9781085602679 Category : Animal remains (Archaeology) Languages : en Pages : 150
Book Description
Despite nearly 100 years of research, there is still heated debate about the importance of proboscideans (mammoths and their kin) for early New World foraging populations. While archaeologist have proposed more than 75 proboscidean kill/butchery sites, only 14 are widely accepted. Clarification on the number of proboscidean processing sites can contribute to a variety of debates in Paleoindian archaeology including the subsistence focus of Clovis groups, the overkill hypothesis, and the social and economic implications of hunting megafauna. Using three analyses, this dissertation examines the North American record of proposed proboscidean kill/butchery sites to examine the criteria used to evaluate these sites and understand how archaeological methods affect interpretations. The first analysis revisits a debated mammoth kill, the La Prele Mammoth site (48CO1401), located in Converse County, Wyoming. Recent excavations at the site show a cultural occupation associated with the mammoth based on the geologic context, expanded artifact assemblage, and direct evidence of association, resolving previous doubts. Given that the spatial association of artifacts with proboscidean remains can be incidental, the second paper establishes the chances accidental associations between artifacts and faunal remains. A computer simulation uses empirically informed densities and sizes of archaeological and natural proboscidean death sites to establish the probability of an accidental artifact association. The simulation shows that the rates of artifact and proboscidean spatial associations observed in the archaeological record are unlikely to have occurred by chance alone. The final analysis uses the records of widely accepted and proposed proboscidean kill/butchery sites to determine how archaeological methods can influence the visibility of the lithic assemblage associated with megafauna butchery. Many of the proposed, but questioned, proboscidean kill/butchery sites were excavated using methods that resulted in incomplete lithic assemblages, making their evaluation difficult. Some of these proposed sites may be kill/butchery sites but will remain ambiguous until more research or excavations are completed. Each of these analyses shows how current methods for evaluating proboscidean kill/butchery sites may overlook real cases of proboscidean processing, which has implications for our understanding of life during the Clovis period.
Author: Madeline E. Mackie Publisher: ISBN: 9781085602679 Category : Animal remains (Archaeology) Languages : en Pages : 150
Book Description
Despite nearly 100 years of research, there is still heated debate about the importance of proboscideans (mammoths and their kin) for early New World foraging populations. While archaeologist have proposed more than 75 proboscidean kill/butchery sites, only 14 are widely accepted. Clarification on the number of proboscidean processing sites can contribute to a variety of debates in Paleoindian archaeology including the subsistence focus of Clovis groups, the overkill hypothesis, and the social and economic implications of hunting megafauna. Using three analyses, this dissertation examines the North American record of proposed proboscidean kill/butchery sites to examine the criteria used to evaluate these sites and understand how archaeological methods affect interpretations. The first analysis revisits a debated mammoth kill, the La Prele Mammoth site (48CO1401), located in Converse County, Wyoming. Recent excavations at the site show a cultural occupation associated with the mammoth based on the geologic context, expanded artifact assemblage, and direct evidence of association, resolving previous doubts. Given that the spatial association of artifacts with proboscidean remains can be incidental, the second paper establishes the chances accidental associations between artifacts and faunal remains. A computer simulation uses empirically informed densities and sizes of archaeological and natural proboscidean death sites to establish the probability of an accidental artifact association. The simulation shows that the rates of artifact and proboscidean spatial associations observed in the archaeological record are unlikely to have occurred by chance alone. The final analysis uses the records of widely accepted and proposed proboscidean kill/butchery sites to determine how archaeological methods can influence the visibility of the lithic assemblage associated with megafauna butchery. Many of the proposed, but questioned, proboscidean kill/butchery sites were excavated using methods that resulted in incomplete lithic assemblages, making their evaluation difficult. Some of these proposed sites may be kill/butchery sites but will remain ambiguous until more research or excavations are completed. Each of these analyses shows how current methods for evaluating proboscidean kill/butchery sites may overlook real cases of proboscidean processing, which has implications for our understanding of life during the Clovis period.
Author: John W. Fox Publisher: Baylor University Press ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
With intriguing glimpses of Paleoindian and Proboscidean interactions throughout the New World, this work turns to the studies that provide the methods and findings for a more expanded view of generalized and species-specific proboscidean behaviors and of attendant human lifeways.
Author: Renee B. Walker Publisher: ISBN: 9780803232860 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
These essays cast new light on Paleoindians, the first settlers of North America. Recent research strongly suggests that big-game hunting was but one of the subsistence strategies the first humans in the New World employed and that they also relied on foraging and fishing. Written in an accessible, engaging style, these essays examine how migratory waterfowl routes may represent one impetus for human migration into the Americas, analyze settlement and subsistence in the major regions of the United States, and reinvestigate mammoth and bison bone beds in the western Plains and the Rocky Mountains to illuminate the unique nature of Paleoindian hunting in that region. The first study of Paleoindian subsistence on a continental scale, this collection posits regional models of subsistence and mobility that take into account the constraints and opportunities for resource exploitation within each region: Research on the Gault site in Texas reveals new subsistence strategies there, while data from the Shawnee-Minisink site in Pennsylvania connects seed collecting with fishing in that region, and plant remains from Dust Cave in Alabama provide important information about subsistence. With research ranging from fauna and lithic data from Paleoindian campsites in Florida that illuminate subsistence technologies and late megamammals to an analysis of plant remains from the eastern United States that results in a revised scheme of environmental changes, this volume serves as an important sourcebook and guide to the latest research on the first humans in North America. Renee B. Walker is an assistant professor of anthropology at the State University of New York College at Oneonta. Boyce N. Driskell is the director of the Archaeological Research Laboratory at the University of Tennessee. Contributors: Michael B. Collins, Richard J. Dent, James S. Dunbar, Stuart J. Fiedel, Kandace D. Hollenbach, Marcel Kornfeld, Steven Kuehn, Lucinda McWeeney, Asa Randall, Pamela K. Vojnovski, and David Yesner.
Author: Tim Flannery Publisher: Open Road + Grove/Atlantic ISBN: 0802191096 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 332
Book Description
A comprehensive history of the continent, “full of engaging and attention-catching information about North America’s geology, climate, and paleontology” (The Washington Post Book World). Here, “the rock star of modern science” tells the unforgettable story of the geological and biological evolution of the North American continent, from the time of the asteroid strike that wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago to the present day (Jared Diamond, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Guns, Germs, and Steel). Flannery describes the development of North America’s deciduous forests and other flora, and tracks the migrations of various animals to and from Europe, Asia, and South America, showing how plant and animal species have either adapted or become extinct. The story spans the massive changes wrought by the ice ages and the coming of the Native Americans. It continues right up to the present, covering the deforestation of the Northeast, the decimation of the buffalo, and other consequences of frontier settlement and the industrial development of the United States. This is science writing at its very best—both an engrossing narrative and a scholarly trove of information that “will forever change your perspective on the North American continent” (The New York Review of Books).
Author: Peter L. Storck Publisher: UBC Press ISBN: 0774841273 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
At the end of the Ice Age, small groups of hunter-gatherers crossed from Siberia to Alaska and began the last chapter in the human settlement of the earth. Many left little or no trace. But one group, the Early Paleo-Indians, exploded onto the archaeological record about 11,500 radiocarbon years ago and expanded rapidly throughout North America, sending splinter groups into Central and perhaps South America as well. Journey to the Ice Age explores the challenges faced by the Early Paleo-Indians of northeastern North America. A revealing, autobiographical account, this is at once a captivating record of Storck's discoveries and an introduction to the practice, challenges, and spirit of archaeology.
Author: Gary Haynes Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521524636 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 364
Book Description
The Early Settlement of North America is an examination of the first recognisable culture in the New World: the Clovis complex. Gary Haynes begins his analysis with a discussion of the archaeology of Clovis fluted points in North America and a review of the history of the research on the topic. He presents and evaluates all the evidence that is now available on the artefacts, the human populations of the time, and the environment, and he examines the adaptation of the early human settlers in North America to the simultaneous disappearance of the mammoths and mastodonts. Haynes offers a compelling re-appraisal of our current state of knowledge about the peopling of this continent and provides a significant new contribution to the debate with his own integrated theory of Clovis, which incorporates vital new biological, ecological, behavioural and archaeological data.
Author: Melanie J. Leng Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9781402025037 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
This thorough reference shows how stable isotopes can be applied to understanding the palaeoenvironment, with chapters on the interpretation of isotopes in water, tree rings, bones and teeth, lake sediments, speleothems and marine sediments. The book offers detailed advice on calibration, including a multi-proxy approach, using isotope signals from different materials or combined with other palaeoenvironmental techniques, to enhance the reliability of readings.
Author: Bruce B. Huckell Publisher: UNM Press ISBN: 0826354831 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
“A unique, significant contribution to our maturing studies of the Clovis era.”—Gary Haynes, author of The Early Settlement of North America: The Clovis Era The Paleoindian Clovis culture is known for distinctive stone and bone tools often associated with mammoth and bison remains, dating back some 13,500 years. While the term Clovis is known to every archaeology student, few books have detailed the specifics of Clovis archaeology. This collection of essays investigates caches of Clovis tools, many of which have only recently come to light. These caches are time capsules that allow archaeologists to examine Clovis tools at earlier stages of manufacture than the broken and discarded artifacts typically recovered from other sites. The studies comprising this volume treat methodological and theoretical issues including the recognition of Clovis caches, Clovis lithic technology, mobility, and land use.
Author: Madeline E. Mackie
Author: Madeline E. Mackie
Author: John W. Fox
Author: Kathryn Ann Hoppe
Author: Renee B. Walker
Author: Tim Flannery
Author: Peter L. Storck
Author: Gary Haynes
Author: Mary Lou Curran
Author: Melanie J. Leng
Author: Bruce B. Huckell