PALÉOCLIMATOLOGIE - Trouver, dater et interpréter les indices - Tome I PDF Download

Author: Jean-Claude Duplessy
Publisher: EDP Sciences
ISBN: 2759811514
Category : Science
Languages : fr
Pages : 385

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Book Description
Le climat de la Terre change, n'a cessé de changer au cours des temps et continuera de le faire dans l'avenir. Comprendre l'évolution du climat de la Terre et ses multiples variations n'est pas seulement un défi académique. C'est aussi un préalable indispensable pour mieux cerner le climat futur et ses incidences possibles sur la Société de demain. Jean-Claude Duplessy et Gilles Ramstein ont rassemblé une cinquantaine de chercheurs parmi les plus actifs de leur discipline pour présenter dans un premier volume les bases des techniques de reconstructions des climats passés leur cadre chronologique. Dans un second volume, les auteurs montrent les approches les plus modernes pour reconstituer le fonctionnement du système climatique dans le passé à partir d'observations et de modèles. Ce livre permettra à tous ceux qui veulent se forger leur propre opinion d'acquérir l'information indispensable pour se faire une idée objective du climat, de ses variations passées et futures, afin de juger avec le recul nécessaire de l'importance du changement climatique en cours.Jean Claude Duplessy, géochimiste, est directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS. Ses recherches en paléoclimatologie font mondialement autorité.Gilles Ramstein, est directeur de recherche au CEA. Au sein du Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, ses travaux visent à modéliser les changements climatiques à diverses échelles de temps.

Author: Jean-Claude Duplessy
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782271075987
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 358

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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309054494
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 645

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Book Description
This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.

Author: Henry N. Houérou
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540851925
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Book Description
Covering an area of over 130 million km2 spanning the Mediterranean, equator and tropics, the African continent features a spectacular geographic diversity. Consequently, it is characterised by extremely variable climatic, edaphic and ecological conditions, associated with a wide range of natural vegetation and wildlife, as well as human population density, crops and livestock. In this book, Henry Le Houérou presents his bioclimatic and biogeographic classification of Africa. The extensive data provide the basis for comparisons between various African regions, and with regions on other continents such as Latin America or the Indian subcontinent. The results constitute a rational basis for national, regional and sub-regional rural development planning, and for agricultural research dealing with aspects such as plant and animal introductions, the extrapolation or interpolation of experimental or developmental findings, and ecosystems dynamics. Possible problems of applications are also examined.

Author: Richard W. Battarbee
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402021208
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 653

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Book Description
This book focuses on two complementary time-scales, the Holocene (approximately the last 11,500 years) and the last glacial-interglacial cycle (approximately the last 130,000 years) to synthesize evidence of climate variability at the regional and continental scale across Europe and Africa. This is the first examination of historical climate variations at such a scale, and thus sets a benchmark for future research.

Author: D. W. H. Walton
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110700392X
Category : Antarctica
Languages : en
Pages : 355

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Book Description
A dramatically illustrated book, by leading international scientists, which describes Antarctica's central role in global scientific research.

Author: Gilles Ramstein
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030249824
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 485

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Book Description
This two-volume book provides a comprehensive, detailed understanding of paleoclimatology beginning by describing the “proxy data” from which quantitative climate parameters are reconstructed and finally by developing a comprehensive Earth system model able to simulate past climates of the Earth. It compiles contributions from specialists in each field who each have an in-depth knowledge of their particular area of expertise. The first volume is devoted to “Finding, dating and interpreting the evidence”. It describes the different geo-chronological technical methods used in paleoclimatology. Different fields of geosciences such as: stratigraphy, magnetism, dendrochronology, sedimentology, are drawn from and proxy reconstructions from ice sheets, terrestrial (speleothems, lakes, and vegetation) and oceanic data, are used to reconstruct the ancient climates of the Earth. The second volume, entitled “Investigation into ancient climates,” focuses on building comprehensive models of past climate evolution. The chapters are based on understanding the processes driving the evolution of each component of the Earth system (atmosphere, ocean, ice). This volume provides both an analytical understanding of each component using a hierarchy of models (from conceptual to very sophisticated 3D general circulation models) and a synthetic approach incorporating all of these components to explore the evolution of the Earth as a global system. As a whole this book provides the reader with a complete view of data reconstruction and modeling of the climate of the Earth from deep time to present day with even an excursion to include impacts on future climate.

Author: Sarah E. Cornell
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139560549
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 609

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Book Description
Explaining the what, the how and the why of climate science, this multidisciplinary new book provides a review of research from the last decade, illustrated with cutting-edge data and observations. A key focus is the development of analysis tools that can be used to demonstrate options for mitigating and adapting to increasing climate risks. Emphasis is given to the importance of Earth system feedback mechanisms and the role of the biosphere. The book explains advances in modelling, process understanding and observations, and the development of consistent and coherent studies of past, present and 'possible' climates. This highly illustrated, data-rich book is written by leading scientists involved in QUEST, a major UK-led research programme. It forms a concise and up-to-date reference for academic researchers or students in the fields of climatology, Earth system science and ecology, and also a vital resource for professionals and policymakers working on any aspect of global change.

Author: Elizabeth Truswell
Publisher: ANU Press
ISBN: 1760462942
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 247

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Book Description
In the southern summer of 1972/73, the Glomar Challenger was the first vessel of the international Deep Sea Drilling Project to venture into the seas surrounding Antarctica, confronting severe weather and ever-present icebergs. A Memory of Ice presents the science and the excitement of that voyage in a manner readable for non-scientists. Woven into the modern story is the history of early explorers, scientists and navigators who had gone before into the Southern Ocean. The departure of the Glomar Challenger from Fremantle took place 100 years after the HMS Challenger weighed anchor from Portsmouth, England, at the start of its four-year voyage, sampling and dredging the world’s oceans. Sailing south, the Glomar Challenger crossed the path of James Cook’s HMS Resolution, then on its circumnavigation of Antarctica in search of the Great South Land. Encounters with Lieutenant Charles Wilkes of the US Exploring Expedition and Douglas Mawson of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition followed. In the Ross Sea, the voyages of the HMS Erebus and HMS Terror under James Clark Ross, with the young Joseph Hooker as botanist, were ever present. The story of the Glomar Challenger’s iconic voyage is largely told through the diaries of the author, then a young scientist experiencing science at sea for the first time. It weaves together the physical history of Antarctica with how we have come to our current knowledge of the polar continent. This is an attractive, lavishly illustrated and curiosity-satisfying read for the general public as well as for scholars of science.

Author: Vinod Tewari
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940070397X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 739

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Book Description
STROMATOLITES: Interaction of Microbes with Sediments provides an overview and latest information about the formation of Stromatolites as a result of interaction of microbes with sediments. Eighty-three expert scientists from twenty-seven countries present the chapters in this volume which have been reviewed by thirty four referees. The volume deals with ancient to modern examples of stromatolites and microorganisms which are observed in various diverse environments, such as: marine, nonmarine, lacustrine and extreme geographical areas covering almost the whole earth. The reviews are original articles written by leading experienced experts, some chapters deal with latest instrumental techniques used for the study of microbes and Stromatolites. Other chapters have been contributed by young researchers who revealed updated data on Stromatolites. The astrobiological implications of early microbiota, sulfur isotopic ratios, microbialites in extreme conditions on earth has opened up new vistas in the search of extraterrestrial life.