P5+1 Negotiations Over Iran's Nuclear Program and Its Implications for United States Defense PDF Download

Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diplomatic negotiations in international disputes
Languages : en
Pages : 88

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Author: United States. Congress
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781981426362
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 84

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P5+1 negotiations over Iran's nuclear program and its implications for United States defense : Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, second session, hearing held June 19, 2014.

Author: Judith S. Yaphe
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428982493
Category : Nuclear nonproliferation
Languages : en
Pages : 104

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This monograph reexamines the strategic implications for the United States in the event Iran moves ahead to acquire nuclear weapons capability. This study draws on expert workshops held in the Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) at the National Defense University (NDU) in January and February 2005, as well as meetings, interviews, and research conducted at NDU and elsewhere over the past several years. Chapters are as follows: "Iran's Perspective: National Rights and Nuclear Weapons," "Neighbors, Negotiators, and Nonproliferators," and "U.S. Policy Options." Appendixes include "Timeline of Iran's Path to Nuclear Weapons," "Iran's Nuclear Program: Status, Risks, and Prospects," and "Walking the Tightrope: Israeli Options in Response to Iranian Nuclear Developments."

Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diplomatic negotiations in international disputes
Languages : en
Pages : 76

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Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Iran
Languages : en
Pages : 108

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Author: Committee on Foreign Relations United St
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781508976660
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 74

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The P5+1 (the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Russia, and China, facilitated by the European Union) has been engaged in serious and substantive negotiations with Iran with the goal of reaching a verifiable diplomatic resolution that would prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon, and on November 23, reached a set of initial understandings that halts the progress of Iran's nuclear program and rolls it back in key respects. A year ago Iran's nuclear program was growing and becoming more dangerous with each passing day. That is no longer the case. Iran has committed to halting certain levels of enrichment and neutralizing part of its stockpiles. Iran cannot use its next-generation centrifuges, which are used for enriching uranium. Iran cannot install or start up new centrifuges, and its production of centrifuges will be limited. Iran will halt work at its plutonium reactor. The Joint Plan of Action has temporarily blocked each of the paths Iran would need to go down to build a nuclear weapon. Many observers openly doubted whether Iran would keep its commitments under the Joint Plan. But according to the IAEA, Iran has done what it promised to do during these past 6 months.

Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Iran
Languages : en
Pages : 72

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Author: Nader Entessar
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN: 9781442271272
Category : International relations
Languages : en
Pages : 285

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This book essentially builds upon Entessar & Afrasiabi's Iran Nuclear Negotiations (Rowman & Littlefied, October 2015), focusing this time on the final nuclear agreement, the ensuing debates around it, and its global and regional ramifications especially in the Middle East.

Author: Congressional Research Congressional Research Service
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781505321630
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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On November 24, 2013, Iran and the six powers that have negotiated with Iran about its nuclear program since 2006 (the United States, Britain, France, Russia, China, and Germany-collectively known as the "P5+1") finalized an interim agreement ("Joint Plan of Action," JPA) requiring Iran to freeze many aspects of its nuclear program in exchange for relief from some international sanctions. The period of the interim deal was to be six months, during which time Iran and the P5+1 would attempt to reach a comprehensive deal on the long-term status of Iran's nuclear program. The main elements of the JPA is a requirement that Iran freeze, in effect, its production of enriched uranium containing up to 5% uranium-235 during this period by converting the material to a uranium compound unsuitable for further enrichment; refrain from producing enriched uranium hexafluoride containing 20% uranium-235-the form of enriched uranium in Iran's stockpile that has caused the most concern; halt key elements of its heavy-water reactor and uranium enrichment facilities; and provide the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) with additional information about its nuclear program, as well as access to some nuclear-related facilities which are not covered by Iran's IAEA safeguards agreement. Under the JPA, the P5+1 countries agreed to refrain from imposing new sanctions and permit Iran to repatriate to Iran about $700 million per month in oil sales proceeds. Iran's oil exports are capped at about 1 million barrels per day-a 60% drop from 2011 levels of about 2.5 million barrels per day. The JPA also permits Iran to sell petrochemicals and trade in gold and other precious metals, and to conduct transactions with foreign firms involved in Iran's auto sector. The estimated value of the revenue that accrues to Iran from these sources is about $250 million per month. Iran also is permitted to access about $65 million per month of hard currency for tuition for Iranian students, to buy spare parts for U.S.-made civilian aircraft, and to receive international facilitation of humanitarian purchases of food and medicine. The JPA has been seen as halting Iran's ability to produce a nuclear weapon and improving the international community's ability to identify Iranian efforts to develop nuclear weapons. Throughout 2014, the attention of the international community increasingly turned to the potential outcome of negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear accord. The P5+1 - Iran negotiations began in February 2014 and reportedly made steady progress, although insufficient to reach agreement by the July 20 expiration of the first six month JPA period. In July, the two sides announced that progress-and Iran's compliance with the JPA provisions-justified extending the JPA until November 24, 2014. Intensive negotiations attempted to finalize a deal by that deadline, but the two sides again announced that more time was needed to close still significant gaps in their positions. The main outstanding issues reportedly center on the size and scope of Iran's uranium enrichment program; the duration of the comprehensive accord; and the extent and sequencing of the lifting of nuclear-related sanctions. On November 24, Iran and the P5+1 announced that they were extending the talks-and all provisions of the JPA-with the intent of finalizing a detailed agreement by June 30, 2015. The parties stated they would first attempt to reach an overarching framework for the agreement by March 1, 2015.

Author: Eric Brewer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Iran
Languages : en
Pages : 10

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Odds that the Iran nuclear deal can be revived have diminished over recent months. The expansion of Iran’s nuclear program is eroding the nonproliferation value of the deal and, at some point, returning to the deal will no longer be in the United States’ interest. What are those technical changes underway in Iran’s nuclear program? And why exactly might they imperil a chance at restoring the JCPOA? The technical developments taking place will remain relevant if and when the original participants in the nuclear deal reconvene in Vienna to negotiate its revival. Indeed, changes to Iran’s nuclear program and related elements—particularly over the past year, but some going back longer—have implications that go beyond the JCPOA. These changes—a mix of progress in some areas and setbacks in others—not only make a return to the original JCPOA more difficult, but they will also require that the United States rethink how to detect any future attempt by Iran to build nuclear weapons as well as the benefits and risks of various policy options for containing Iran’s nuclear program.